Globally, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected an estimated 130 million people, most of whom are chronically infected. HCV-infected people serve as a reservoir for transmission to others and are at risk for developing...Globally, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected an estimated 130 million people, most of whom are chronically infected. HCV-infected people serve as a reservoir for transmission to others and are at risk for developing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been estimated that HCV accounts for 27% of cirrhosis and 25% of HCC worldwide. HCV infection has likely been endemic in many populations for centuries. However, the wave of increased HCV-related morbidity and mortality that we are now facing is the result of an unprecedented increase in the spread of HCV during the 20th century. Two 20th century events appear to be responsible for this increase; the widespread availability of injectable therapies and the illicit use of injectable drugs.展开更多
目的评价免疫预防措施在实际应用中阻断乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus，HBV）母婴感染的效果，阐明孕妇孕晚期使用乙肝免疫球蛋白（hepatitis B immunoglobulin，HBIG）能否减少HBV母婴感染。方法将2002年7月至2004年8月江苏省14个...目的评价免疫预防措施在实际应用中阻断乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus，HBV）母婴感染的效果，阐明孕妇孕晚期使用乙肝免疫球蛋白（hepatitis B immunoglobulin，HBIG）能否减少HBV母婴感染。方法将2002年7月至2004年8月江苏省14个县市的419例乙型肝炎表面抗原（hepatitis Bsurfaceantigen，HBsAg）阳性孕妇所分娩子女作为研究组，同地区同期的453例HBsAg孕妇分娩的子女作为对照组，于2009年10月至2010年3月期间对2组研究对象进行随访，调查母亲孕期HBIG使用情况以及子女出生后HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况，检测儿童HBV血清标志物。率的比较采用7。分析或者Fisher精确概率法，均数的比较采用t检验。结果研究组实际随访298例（71．12％），其中11例（3．69％）HBsAg＋；而随访的328例（72．41％）对照组中，HBsAg阳性率为0．00（x2=12．32，P〈0．01）。共11例儿童HBsAg＋，其母亲均为HBsAg和HBeAg同时阳性，除1例具体情况不详外，9例儿童在出生时明确没有使用HBIG或延迟接种疫苗，仅1例同时规范使用了HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗。2组儿童抗HBs阳性率分别为69．46％和69．21％（x2=0．01，P=0．95）。孕晚期注射HBIG的92例孕妇中，2例（2．17％）儿童HBsAg＋；未使用HBIG的197例孕妇中，9例（4．57％）儿童HBsAg＋（x2=0．98，P=0．51）。结论江苏省常规免疫预防措施在阻断母婴HBV感染方面取得了良好的效果，但对HBV携带孕妇（特别是HBeAg＋者）的新生儿仍需强调及时注射HBIG。孕妇孕晚期使用HBIG不能减少母婴HBV感染。展开更多
文摘Globally, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected an estimated 130 million people, most of whom are chronically infected. HCV-infected people serve as a reservoir for transmission to others and are at risk for developing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been estimated that HCV accounts for 27% of cirrhosis and 25% of HCC worldwide. HCV infection has likely been endemic in many populations for centuries. However, the wave of increased HCV-related morbidity and mortality that we are now facing is the result of an unprecedented increase in the spread of HCV during the 20th century. Two 20th century events appear to be responsible for this increase; the widespread availability of injectable therapies and the illicit use of injectable drugs.
文摘目的评价免疫预防措施在实际应用中阻断乙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis B virus，HBV）母婴感染的效果，阐明孕妇孕晚期使用乙肝免疫球蛋白（hepatitis B immunoglobulin，HBIG）能否减少HBV母婴感染。方法将2002年7月至2004年8月江苏省14个县市的419例乙型肝炎表面抗原（hepatitis Bsurfaceantigen，HBsAg）阳性孕妇所分娩子女作为研究组，同地区同期的453例HBsAg孕妇分娩的子女作为对照组，于2009年10月至2010年3月期间对2组研究对象进行随访，调查母亲孕期HBIG使用情况以及子女出生后HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况，检测儿童HBV血清标志物。率的比较采用7。分析或者Fisher精确概率法，均数的比较采用t检验。结果研究组实际随访298例（71．12％），其中11例（3．69％）HBsAg＋；而随访的328例（72．41％）对照组中，HBsAg阳性率为0．00（x2=12．32，P〈0．01）。共11例儿童HBsAg＋，其母亲均为HBsAg和HBeAg同时阳性，除1例具体情况不详外，9例儿童在出生时明确没有使用HBIG或延迟接种疫苗，仅1例同时规范使用了HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗。2组儿童抗HBs阳性率分别为69．46％和69．21％（x2=0．01，P=0．95）。孕晚期注射HBIG的92例孕妇中，2例（2．17％）儿童HBsAg＋；未使用HBIG的197例孕妇中，9例（4．57％）儿童HBsAg＋（x2=0．98，P=0．51）。结论江苏省常规免疫预防措施在阻断母婴HBV感染方面取得了良好的效果，但对HBV携带孕妇（特别是HBeAg＋者）的新生儿仍需强调及时注射HBIG。孕妇孕晚期使用HBIG不能减少母婴HBV感染。
