Objective. Because celiac disease is a female- predominant disease we invest igated the influence of gender on clinical manifestations of the disease in the United States. Material and methods. Data were obtained on b...Objective. Because celiac disease is a female- predominant disease we invest igated the influence of gender on clinical manifestations of the disease in the United States. Material and methods. Data were obtained on biopsy- proven adult patients with celiac disease from a database of patients seen between 1981 and 2001 in a University- based referral center. Z scores were calculated to adjust for age, ethnicity and gender using the National Health and Nutrition Examinati on Survey database as controls. Results. The cohort consisted of 323 patients (2 11 F, 112 M). Men had a shorter duration of symptoms than women (p =0.006). Ther e was no gender difference in the age at diagnosis or mode of presentation. Body mass index (BMI), mean hemoglobin and ferritin values were lower in women than in men, but the Z scores for these values were not significantly different, indi cating that the differences are physiological. All lipid values were low (negati ve Z scores). Men had lower total cholesterol (162.0 ± 46.5mg/dl) compared to w omen (181.0 ± 40.0mg/dl), p =0.02 and lower Z scores (- 1.10± 1.1) compared to women (- 0.71 ± 0.9), p =0.04. Men had lower bone density T scores at the r adius (p =0.07). Autoimmune diseases were present in 30.7% with a female to ma le ratio of 1∶ 1, compared to the general population in which 3.2% have autoi mmune diseases with a female predominance. Conclusions. Most gender differences in celiac disease are physiological. However, men have indirect evidence of grea ter malabsorption than females and have female- predominant associated diseases when they present with celiac disease.展开更多
Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored prospectively during 40 echocardiography recordings on 17 preterm infants (25-29 weeks; 510 -1430 g), to examine whether echocardiography can be perform...Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored prospectively during 40 echocardiography recordings on 17 preterm infants (25-29 weeks; 510 -1430 g), to examine whether echocardiography can be performed without disturbi ng cardiorespiratory status in preterm infants. There was no impact on absolute blood pressure. Heart rate increased by a mean of 4 beats per minute, and oxygen saturation decreased by a mean of 1%during echocardiography. While these chang es reached statistical significance they are not of clinical significance as the y remained well within ranges seen during control rest periods. All readings had greater minute-to-minute variability during echocardiography but differences were small and again remained within physiological ranges.展开更多
文摘Objective. Because celiac disease is a female- predominant disease we invest igated the influence of gender on clinical manifestations of the disease in the United States. Material and methods. Data were obtained on biopsy- proven adult patients with celiac disease from a database of patients seen between 1981 and 2001 in a University- based referral center. Z scores were calculated to adjust for age, ethnicity and gender using the National Health and Nutrition Examinati on Survey database as controls. Results. The cohort consisted of 323 patients (2 11 F, 112 M). Men had a shorter duration of symptoms than women (p =0.006). Ther e was no gender difference in the age at diagnosis or mode of presentation. Body mass index (BMI), mean hemoglobin and ferritin values were lower in women than in men, but the Z scores for these values were not significantly different, indi cating that the differences are physiological. All lipid values were low (negati ve Z scores). Men had lower total cholesterol (162.0 ± 46.5mg/dl) compared to w omen (181.0 ± 40.0mg/dl), p =0.02 and lower Z scores (- 1.10± 1.1) compared to women (- 0.71 ± 0.9), p =0.04. Men had lower bone density T scores at the r adius (p =0.07). Autoimmune diseases were present in 30.7% with a female to ma le ratio of 1∶ 1, compared to the general population in which 3.2% have autoi mmune diseases with a female predominance. Conclusions. Most gender differences in celiac disease are physiological. However, men have indirect evidence of grea ter malabsorption than females and have female- predominant associated diseases when they present with celiac disease.
文摘Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were monitored prospectively during 40 echocardiography recordings on 17 preterm infants (25-29 weeks; 510 -1430 g), to examine whether echocardiography can be performed without disturbi ng cardiorespiratory status in preterm infants. There was no impact on absolute blood pressure. Heart rate increased by a mean of 4 beats per minute, and oxygen saturation decreased by a mean of 1%during echocardiography. While these chang es reached statistical significance they are not of clinical significance as the y remained well within ranges seen during control rest periods. All readings had greater minute-to-minute variability during echocardiography but differences were small and again remained within physiological ranges.
