近年来的研究证明细菌之间存在信息交流，许多细菌都能合成并释放一种被称为自诱导物质（autoinducer，AI）的信号分子，胞外的AI浓度能随细菌密度的增加而增加，达到一个临界浓度时，AI能启动菌体中相关基因的表达，调控细菌的生物行...近年来的研究证明细菌之间存在信息交流，许多细菌都能合成并释放一种被称为自诱导物质（autoinducer，AI）的信号分子，胞外的AI浓度能随细菌密度的增加而增加，达到一个临界浓度时，AI能启动菌体中相关基因的表达，调控细菌的生物行为，如产生毒素、形成生物膜、产生抗生素、生成孢子、产荧光等，以适应环境的变化，我们将这一现象称为群体感应调节（quorum sensing，QS）。这一感应现象只有在细菌密度达到一定阈值后才会发生，所以也有人将这一现象称为细胞密度依赖的基因表达（cell density dependent control of gene expression）。展开更多
目的:从“肿瘤异质化”角度出发,通过多种基因编码蛋白(Bcl-2／Bax,Cath-D和VEGF)在肠型胃癌和弥漫型胃癌中的表达,探讨二型胃癌不同生物学特性的分子学基础．方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测Bcl-2／Bax, cathepsin-D(Cath-D)和VEGF在胃癌及...目的:从“肿瘤异质化”角度出发,通过多种基因编码蛋白(Bcl-2／Bax,Cath-D和VEGF)在肠型胃癌和弥漫型胃癌中的表达,探讨二型胃癌不同生物学特性的分子学基础．方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测Bcl-2／Bax, cathepsin-D(Cath-D)和VEGF在胃癌及正常胃组织的表达．结果:Bcl-2／Bax,Cath-D和VEGF阳性表达率在胃癌组织中与癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中比较 (分别为44．59％ vs 27.30％;58．11％ vs 71．62％; 77．00％vs 21．60％;71．62％vs 14．86％)均有显著性差异(P<0．05),弥漫型胃癌中Bcl-2和 Cath-D阳性细胞指数明显高于肠型胃癌(分别为29．14±24．70 vs 19．80±27．37和52．59± 33．76 vs 29．21±39．67),而Bax阳性细胞指数 (分别为32．56±35．55 vs 47．74±27．43)明显低于肠型胃癌,差异均有显著性(P<0．05),VEGF 阳性细胞表达指数在不同胃癌浸润深度组间比较(早期胃癌7．13±15．81 vs 肌层浸润62．77 ±44．37 vs 浆膜浸润40．82±42．70)及有无淋巴结转移组间比较(42．05±42．61 vs 34．15± 42．52)有显著性差异(P<0．05)．结论:Bcl-2／Bax,Cath-D和VEGF分别参与了胃癌的发生,浸润进展和转移．二型胃癌在组织学发生相同的基础上由于在胃癌演进过程中有不同附加基因参与(Bcl-2／Bax和Cath-D), 使弥漫型胃癌获得了与肠型胃癌有所不同的亚克隆过程,因而表现为生物学特性的异质化．展开更多
Objective:We aimed to perform a preliminary study of the association between induced pluripotent stem cell(iPS)-related genes and biological behavior of human colorectal cancer(CRC) cells,and the potential for develop...Objective:We aimed to perform a preliminary study of the association between induced pluripotent stem cell(iPS)-related genes and biological behavior of human colorectal cancer(CRC) cells,and the potential for developing anti-cancer drugs targeting these genes.Methods:We used real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) to evaluate the transcript levels of iPS-related genes NANOG,OCT4,SOX2,C-MYC and KLF4 in CRC cell lines and cancer stem cells(CSCs)-enriched tumor spheres.NANOG was knockdowned in CRC cell line SW620 by lentiviral transduction.3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assays,plate colony formation,and a mouse xenograft model were used to evaluate alterations in biological behavior in NANOG-knockdown SW620 cells.Also,mock-knockdown and NANOG-knockdown cells were treated with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) and survival rate was measured by MTT assay to evaluate drug sensitivity.Results:A significant difference in the transcript levels of iPS-related genes between tumor spheres and their parental bulky cells was observed.NANOG knockdown suppressed proliferation,colony formation,and in vivo tumorigenicity but increased the sensitivity to 5-FU of SW620 cells.5-FU treatment greatly inhibited the expression of the major stemness-associated genes NANOG,OCT4,and SOX2.Conclusions:These results collectively suggest an overlap between iPS-related genes and CSCs in CRC.Quenching a certain gene NANOG may truncate the aggressiveness of CRC cells.展开更多
Although microbes primarily are single-cell organisms,they are not isolated individuals.Microbes use various means to communicate with one another.Based on the communication,microbes establish a social interaction wit...Although microbes primarily are single-cell organisms,they are not isolated individuals.Microbes use various means to communicate with one another.Based on the communication,microbes establish a social interaction with their neighbors in a specific ecological niche,and cooperative behaviors are normally performed to provide benefits on the population and species levels.In the microbiome era,in order to better understand the behaviors of microbes,deep understanding of the social communication between microbes hence becomes a key to interpret microbe behaviors.Here we summarize the molecular mechanisms that underlie the cell-to-cell communication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms,the recent discoveries and novel technologies in understanding the interspecies and interkingdom communication,and discuss new concepts of the sociomicrobiology.展开更多
文摘近年来的研究证明细菌之间存在信息交流，许多细菌都能合成并释放一种被称为自诱导物质（autoinducer，AI）的信号分子，胞外的AI浓度能随细菌密度的增加而增加，达到一个临界浓度时，AI能启动菌体中相关基因的表达，调控细菌的生物行为，如产生毒素、形成生物膜、产生抗生素、生成孢子、产荧光等，以适应环境的变化，我们将这一现象称为群体感应调节（quorum sensing，QS）。这一感应现象只有在细菌密度达到一定阈值后才会发生，所以也有人将这一现象称为细胞密度依赖的基因表达（cell density dependent control of gene expression）。
文摘目的:从“肿瘤异质化”角度出发,通过多种基因编码蛋白(Bcl-2／Bax,Cath-D和VEGF)在肠型胃癌和弥漫型胃癌中的表达,探讨二型胃癌不同生物学特性的分子学基础．方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测Bcl-2／Bax, cathepsin-D(Cath-D)和VEGF在胃癌及正常胃组织的表达．结果:Bcl-2／Bax,Cath-D和VEGF阳性表达率在胃癌组织中与癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中比较 (分别为44．59％ vs 27.30％;58．11％ vs 71．62％; 77．00％vs 21．60％;71．62％vs 14．86％)均有显著性差异(P<0．05),弥漫型胃癌中Bcl-2和 Cath-D阳性细胞指数明显高于肠型胃癌(分别为29．14±24．70 vs 19．80±27．37和52．59± 33．76 vs 29．21±39．67),而Bax阳性细胞指数 (分别为32．56±35．55 vs 47．74±27．43)明显低于肠型胃癌,差异均有显著性(P<0．05),VEGF 阳性细胞表达指数在不同胃癌浸润深度组间比较(早期胃癌7．13±15．81 vs 肌层浸润62．77 ±44．37 vs 浆膜浸润40．82±42．70)及有无淋巴结转移组间比较(42．05±42．61 vs 34．15± 42．52)有显著性差异(P<0．05)．结论:Bcl-2／Bax,Cath-D和VEGF分别参与了胃癌的发生,浸润进展和转移．二型胃癌在组织学发生相同的基础上由于在胃癌演进过程中有不同附加基因参与(Bcl-2／Bax和Cath-D), 使弥漫型胃癌获得了与肠型胃癌有所不同的亚克隆过程,因而表现为生物学特性的异质化．
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30973382)the Zhejiang Provincial International Scientific Technology Collaboration Key Project (No.2009C14010)
文摘Objective:We aimed to perform a preliminary study of the association between induced pluripotent stem cell(iPS)-related genes and biological behavior of human colorectal cancer(CRC) cells,and the potential for developing anti-cancer drugs targeting these genes.Methods:We used real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) to evaluate the transcript levels of iPS-related genes NANOG,OCT4,SOX2,C-MYC and KLF4 in CRC cell lines and cancer stem cells(CSCs)-enriched tumor spheres.NANOG was knockdowned in CRC cell line SW620 by lentiviral transduction.3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assays,plate colony formation,and a mouse xenograft model were used to evaluate alterations in biological behavior in NANOG-knockdown SW620 cells.Also,mock-knockdown and NANOG-knockdown cells were treated with 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) and survival rate was measured by MTT assay to evaluate drug sensitivity.Results:A significant difference in the transcript levels of iPS-related genes between tumor spheres and their parental bulky cells was observed.NANOG knockdown suppressed proliferation,colony formation,and in vivo tumorigenicity but increased the sensitivity to 5-FU of SW620 cells.5-FU treatment greatly inhibited the expression of the major stemness-associated genes NANOG,OCT4,and SOX2.Conclusions:These results collectively suggest an overlap between iPS-related genes and CSCs in CRC.Quenching a certain gene NANOG may truncate the aggressiveness of CRC cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31571288)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team and the Newton Advanced Fellowship(NA140085)from the Royal Society
文摘Although microbes primarily are single-cell organisms,they are not isolated individuals.Microbes use various means to communicate with one another.Based on the communication,microbes establish a social interaction with their neighbors in a specific ecological niche,and cooperative behaviors are normally performed to provide benefits on the population and species levels.In the microbiome era,in order to better understand the behaviors of microbes,deep understanding of the social communication between microbes hence becomes a key to interpret microbe behaviors.Here we summarize the molecular mechanisms that underlie the cell-to-cell communication in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms,the recent discoveries and novel technologies in understanding the interspecies and interkingdom communication,and discuss new concepts of the sociomicrobiology.
