The family members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the four main sub-groups, the p38 group of MAP kinases, serve...The family members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the four main sub-groups, the p38 group of MAP kinases, serve as a nexus for signal transduction and play a vital role in numerous biological processes. In this review, we highlight the known characteristics and components of the p38 pathway along with the mechanism and consequences of p38 activation. We focus on the role of p38 as a signal transduction mediator and examine the evidence linking p38 to inflammation, cell cycle, cell death, development, cell differentiation, senescence and tumorigenesis in specific cell types. Upstream and downstream components of p38 are described and questions remaining to be answered are posed. Finally, we propose several directions for future research on p38.展开更多
目的观察慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者辅助性T细胞的1型/2型(T help cell 1/2,Th1/Th2)平衡及相关前炎症细胞因子(IFN-γ,IL-4)、调节活化正常T细胞表达和分泌的细胞因子(regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted,RA...目的观察慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者辅助性T细胞的1型/2型(T help cell 1/2,Th1/Th2)平衡及相关前炎症细胞因子(IFN-γ,IL-4)、调节活化正常T细胞表达和分泌的细胞因子(regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted,RANTES)变化和辅助性T细胞17型(T help cell 17,Th17)的效应因子IL-17的异常变化,揭示小柴胡汤和解少阳法治疗慢性肾小球肾炎蛋白尿的机理。方法 70例慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者随机分为小柴胡汤治疗组(治疗组)和肾炎康复片治疗的对照组(对照组),每组35例。并选择20名健康体检者作为健康对照组。治疗组与对照组均在慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)常规治疗基础上,分别给予小柴胡汤与肾炎康复片治疗,疗程4周,比较各组中医证候、疾病疗效、24h尿蛋白定量、肾功能、外周血IFN-γ、IL-4、Th1/Th2、IL-17和RANTES的变化。结果治疗前,两组Th1/Th2、IL-17和RANTES均高于健康对照组(P<0.05),IL-4均低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组中医证候、主要症状和疾病疗效的改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗组24h尿蛋白定量明显减少,疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组Th1/Th2、IL-17和RANTES较对照组均有不同程度降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),治疗组IL-4较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),两组肾功能改善比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者免疫紊乱与Th1/Th2细胞平衡失调、Th17细胞功能和RANTES的异常变化有关。小柴胡汤可以通过调节慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者机体免疫紊乱而改善炎症,证明和解少阳理论可以用于治疗慢性肾小球肾炎炎症,起到减轻蛋白尿的作用。展开更多
文摘The family members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the four main sub-groups, the p38 group of MAP kinases, serve as a nexus for signal transduction and play a vital role in numerous biological processes. In this review, we highlight the known characteristics and components of the p38 pathway along with the mechanism and consequences of p38 activation. We focus on the role of p38 as a signal transduction mediator and examine the evidence linking p38 to inflammation, cell cycle, cell death, development, cell differentiation, senescence and tumorigenesis in specific cell types. Upstream and downstream components of p38 are described and questions remaining to be answered are posed. Finally, we propose several directions for future research on p38.
文摘目的观察慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者辅助性T细胞的1型/2型(T help cell 1/2,Th1/Th2)平衡及相关前炎症细胞因子(IFN-γ,IL-4)、调节活化正常T细胞表达和分泌的细胞因子(regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted,RANTES)变化和辅助性T细胞17型(T help cell 17,Th17)的效应因子IL-17的异常变化,揭示小柴胡汤和解少阳法治疗慢性肾小球肾炎蛋白尿的机理。方法 70例慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者随机分为小柴胡汤治疗组(治疗组)和肾炎康复片治疗的对照组(对照组),每组35例。并选择20名健康体检者作为健康对照组。治疗组与对照组均在慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)常规治疗基础上,分别给予小柴胡汤与肾炎康复片治疗,疗程4周,比较各组中医证候、疾病疗效、24h尿蛋白定量、肾功能、外周血IFN-γ、IL-4、Th1/Th2、IL-17和RANTES的变化。结果治疗前,两组Th1/Th2、IL-17和RANTES均高于健康对照组(P<0.05),IL-4均低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后治疗组中医证候、主要症状和疾病疗效的改善程度明显优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);治疗组24h尿蛋白定量明显减少,疗效优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组Th1/Th2、IL-17和RANTES较对照组均有不同程度降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),治疗组IL-4较对照组明显升高(P<0.05),两组肾功能改善比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者免疫紊乱与Th1/Th2细胞平衡失调、Th17细胞功能和RANTES的异常变化有关。小柴胡汤可以通过调节慢性肾小球肾炎少阳病患者机体免疫紊乱而改善炎症,证明和解少阳理论可以用于治疗慢性肾小球肾炎炎症,起到减轻蛋白尿的作用。
