背景:现有研究已经证实外泌体可有效促进牙髓再生,而经预处理来源的外泌体其生物学功能和特性会发生显著改变,对细胞的增殖、迁移和成牙分化产生不同的影响。目的:探讨外泌体及其预处理方式在牙髓再生领域的应用现状,归纳和总结影响外...背景:现有研究已经证实外泌体可有效促进牙髓再生,而经预处理来源的外泌体其生物学功能和特性会发生显著改变,对细胞的增殖、迁移和成牙分化产生不同的影响。目的:探讨外泌体及其预处理方式在牙髓再生领域的应用现状,归纳和总结影响外泌体发挥作用的预处理方式,并阐述外泌体及其预处理方式对牙髓再生的作用。方法:检索万方、中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库中2006-2022年发表的相关文献,以“外泌体,牙髓再生,预处理方式”等为中文检索词,以“Exosomes,Pulp regeneration,Preconditioning method”等为英文检索词进行检索,共纳入78篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①外泌体具有良好的生物相容性、低免疫原性和无细胞毒性等优势,可以通过促进干细胞成牙、成神经和成血管化进而诱导牙髓组织的新生。②经预处理衍生的外泌体可以增强对组织的修复和再生能力,并对再生牙髓的质量有显著影响。③目前应用在牙髓再生领域中的预处理方式包括炎症刺激、低氧诱导、条件培养基和三维培养,其分泌的外泌体均能有效改善再生牙髓的质量,但是不同的预处理方式对牙髓再生的具体效果和机制在未来尚需探索。展开更多
The purpose of this study was to determine whether placentalderived kynurenines (neuroactive metabolites that are derived from tryptophan) contributes to infection- mediated fetal cerebral injury. Placentae and cord b...The purpose of this study was to determine whether placentalderived kynurenines (neuroactive metabolites that are derived from tryptophan) contributes to infection- mediated fetal cerebral injury. Placentae and cord blood were obtained from term deliveries (n = 16) and preterm deliveries with or without intrauterine bacterial infection (n = 8 per group). We investigated whether the placenta expressed messenger RNAs of kynurenine metabolite- forming enzymes, the effects of infection in vivo on the expression of these enzymes by the placenta, the in vitro effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide on expression and kynurenine metabolite output by the placenta, and the kynurenine metabolite levels in umbilical cord blood. Placentae expressed messenger RNA of tryptophan- degrading enzymes and synthesized several compounds. The expression of several enzymes increased significantly in placentae that were exposed to infection and/or lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide also induced significant increases in placental kynurenine and quinolinic acid output. Kynurenine and quinolinic acid in cord blood of fetuses who were exposed to infection were elevated significantly. Inflammatory mediated release of kynurenines from placentae exposes the fetus to significant amounts of potentially neurotoxic substances.展开更多
文摘背景:现有研究已经证实外泌体可有效促进牙髓再生,而经预处理来源的外泌体其生物学功能和特性会发生显著改变,对细胞的增殖、迁移和成牙分化产生不同的影响。目的:探讨外泌体及其预处理方式在牙髓再生领域的应用现状,归纳和总结影响外泌体发挥作用的预处理方式,并阐述外泌体及其预处理方式对牙髓再生的作用。方法:检索万方、中国知网、PubMed和Web of Science数据库中2006-2022年发表的相关文献,以“外泌体,牙髓再生,预处理方式”等为中文检索词,以“Exosomes,Pulp regeneration,Preconditioning method”等为英文检索词进行检索,共纳入78篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①外泌体具有良好的生物相容性、低免疫原性和无细胞毒性等优势,可以通过促进干细胞成牙、成神经和成血管化进而诱导牙髓组织的新生。②经预处理衍生的外泌体可以增强对组织的修复和再生能力,并对再生牙髓的质量有显著影响。③目前应用在牙髓再生领域中的预处理方式包括炎症刺激、低氧诱导、条件培养基和三维培养,其分泌的外泌体均能有效改善再生牙髓的质量,但是不同的预处理方式对牙髓再生的具体效果和机制在未来尚需探索。
文摘The purpose of this study was to determine whether placentalderived kynurenines (neuroactive metabolites that are derived from tryptophan) contributes to infection- mediated fetal cerebral injury. Placentae and cord blood were obtained from term deliveries (n = 16) and preterm deliveries with or without intrauterine bacterial infection (n = 8 per group). We investigated whether the placenta expressed messenger RNAs of kynurenine metabolite- forming enzymes, the effects of infection in vivo on the expression of these enzymes by the placenta, the in vitro effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide on expression and kynurenine metabolite output by the placenta, and the kynurenine metabolite levels in umbilical cord blood. Placentae expressed messenger RNA of tryptophan- degrading enzymes and synthesized several compounds. The expression of several enzymes increased significantly in placentae that were exposed to infection and/or lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide also induced significant increases in placental kynurenine and quinolinic acid output. Kynurenine and quinolinic acid in cord blood of fetuses who were exposed to infection were elevated significantly. Inflammatory mediated release of kynurenines from placentae exposes the fetus to significant amounts of potentially neurotoxic substances.
