基于闪存的固态硬盘(Solid State Driver,SSD)已成为目前广泛使用的一种持久存储设备.但是由于闪存不对称的I/O特性以及价格因素,SSD还不能完全取代传统硬盘(Hard Disk Driver,HDD).因此,由SSD和HDD组成的混合存储系统逐步成为目前研究...基于闪存的固态硬盘(Solid State Driver,SSD)已成为目前广泛使用的一种持久存储设备.但是由于闪存不对称的I/O特性以及价格因素,SSD还不能完全取代传统硬盘(Hard Disk Driver,HDD).因此,由SSD和HDD组成的混合存储系统逐步成为目前研究的重点.文中针对SSD和HDD混合存储问题,提出了一个时间敏感的混合存储模型用来有效地利用SSD.该模型把SSD和HDD作为同级的存储设备,结合数据页的访问次数以及访问热度实现对页面的准确分类和分配,即将读倾向负载的hot页面分配到SSD存储,写倾向负载的页面或者cold页面分配到HDD存储,从而利用SSD和HDD不对称的I/O特性来降低系统总的I/O延迟.作者分别在基于高端SSD和中端SSD的混合存储系统上实现了提出的混合存储模型,并进行了性能评测.实验结果显示,作者提出的模型可以实现对数据页更准确的分类,可以有效地降低页面迁移代价,在较少的SSD存储条件下取得了显著的性能提升.展开更多
固态盘(solid state drive,SSD)因为其优越的性能已被大量部署于当前的存储系统中.但是,由于寿命有限,SSD的可靠性受到广泛的质疑.磁盘阵列(redundant arrays of inexpensive disk,RAID)是一种传统的用来提高可靠性的手段,但并不适用于S...固态盘(solid state drive,SSD)因为其优越的性能已被大量部署于当前的存储系统中.但是,由于寿命有限,SSD的可靠性受到广泛的质疑.磁盘阵列(redundant arrays of inexpensive disk,RAID)是一种传统的用来提高可靠性的手段,但并不适用于SSD.这项工作提出一种基于SSD和磁盘的混合存储系统,构建该系统的主要思想是SSD响应所有I/O请求,从而获得较高的性能;磁盘备份所有数据,从而保证系统的可靠性.但是,磁盘的I/O性能显著低于SSD,构建该系统的问题在于磁盘能否及时地备份SSD上的数据.为了解决这一问题,从两方面提出优化:在延迟方面,采用非易失主存弥补磁盘与SSD的延迟差距;在带宽方面,采用两种措施:1)在单块磁盘内部重组I/O请求,使磁盘尽可能的顺序读写;2)采用多块磁盘备份多块SSD,通过将一块SSD上的写请求分散到多块磁盘上,有效应对单块SSD上出现的突发写请求.通过原型系统实现表明,该混合系统是可行的:磁盘能够为SSD提供实时的数据备份;与其他系统相比,该混合系统取得较高的性价比.展开更多
With supercomputers developing towards exascale, the number of compute cores increases dramatically, making more complex and larger-scale applications possible. The input/output (I/O) requirements of large-scale app...With supercomputers developing towards exascale, the number of compute cores increases dramatically, making more complex and larger-scale applications possible. The input/output (I/O) requirements of large-scale applications, workflow applications, and their checkpointing include substantial bandwidth and an extremely low latency, posing a serious challenge to high performance computing (HPC) storage systems. Current hard disk drive (HDD) based underlying storage systems are becoming more and more incompetent to meet the requirements of next-generation exascale supercomputers. To rise to the challenge, we propose a hierarchical hybrid storage system, on-line and near-line file system (ONFS). It leverages dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and solid state drive (SSD) in compute nodes, and HDD in storage servers to build a three-level storage system in a unified namespace. It supports portable operating system interface (POSIX) semantics, and provides high bandwidth, low latency, and huge storage capacity. In this paper, we present the technical details on distributed metadata management, the strategy of memory borrow and return, data consistency, parallel access control, and mechanisms guiding downward and upward migration in ONFS. We implement an ONFS prototype on the TH-1A supercomputer, and conduct experiments to test its I/O performance and scalability. The results show that the bandwidths of single-thread and multi-thread 'read'/'write' are 6-fold and 5-fold better than HDD-based Lustre, respectively. The I/O bandwidth of data-intensive applications in ONFS can be 6.35 timcs that in Lustre.展开更多
针对新兴混合插拔式电动汽车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,PHEV)应用,已有的车用能量存储系统存在笨重和可靠性差等缺点,同时驾驶人的驾驶行为严重地影响能量存储系统的性能和使用寿命,因此有效地对特定用户驾驶行为进行分析,并对...针对新兴混合插拔式电动汽车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,PHEV)应用,已有的车用能量存储系统存在笨重和可靠性差等缺点,同时驾驶人的驾驶行为严重地影响能量存储系统的性能和使用寿命,因此有效地对特定用户驾驶行为进行分析,并对大规模混合能量存储系统进行优化设计,将为未来新兴电驱动混合动力汽车的应用与实践打下坚实基础。该文提出特定用户传感器系统框架,分析其驾驶行为对混合能量存储系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS)如锂电池和超级电容集成的影响,并设计了一个基于大规模HESS的优化架构。它综合考虑工艺制造的差异性和实时驾驶行为的多变性等因素影响,在满足能量需求条件下优化HESS成本和使用寿命。实验结果表明:该优化架构与只采用单一锂电池作为存储资源的架构相比,在达到使用寿命年限15a前提下,混合能量存储系统的成本代价平均降低了51.3%。同时,该架构的求解速度快,有利于实际实现。展开更多
文摘基于闪存的固态硬盘(Solid State Driver,SSD)已成为目前广泛使用的一种持久存储设备.但是由于闪存不对称的I/O特性以及价格因素,SSD还不能完全取代传统硬盘(Hard Disk Driver,HDD).因此,由SSD和HDD组成的混合存储系统逐步成为目前研究的重点.文中针对SSD和HDD混合存储问题,提出了一个时间敏感的混合存储模型用来有效地利用SSD.该模型把SSD和HDD作为同级的存储设备,结合数据页的访问次数以及访问热度实现对页面的准确分类和分配,即将读倾向负载的hot页面分配到SSD存储,写倾向负载的页面或者cold页面分配到HDD存储,从而利用SSD和HDD不对称的I/O特性来降低系统总的I/O延迟.作者分别在基于高端SSD和中端SSD的混合存储系统上实现了提出的混合存储模型,并进行了性能评测.实验结果显示,作者提出的模型可以实现对数据页更准确的分类,可以有效地降低页面迁移代价,在较少的SSD存储条件下取得了显著的性能提升.
文摘固态盘(solid state drive,SSD)因为其优越的性能已被大量部署于当前的存储系统中.但是,由于寿命有限,SSD的可靠性受到广泛的质疑.磁盘阵列(redundant arrays of inexpensive disk,RAID)是一种传统的用来提高可靠性的手段,但并不适用于SSD.这项工作提出一种基于SSD和磁盘的混合存储系统,构建该系统的主要思想是SSD响应所有I/O请求,从而获得较高的性能;磁盘备份所有数据,从而保证系统的可靠性.但是,磁盘的I/O性能显著低于SSD,构建该系统的问题在于磁盘能否及时地备份SSD上的数据.为了解决这一问题,从两方面提出优化:在延迟方面,采用非易失主存弥补磁盘与SSD的延迟差距;在带宽方面,采用两种措施:1)在单块磁盘内部重组I/O请求,使磁盘尽可能的顺序读写;2)采用多块磁盘备份多块SSD,通过将一块SSD上的写请求分散到多块磁盘上,有效应对单块SSD上出现的突发写请求.通过原型系统实现表明,该混合系统是可行的:磁盘能够为SSD提供实时的数据备份;与其他系统相比,该混合系统取得较高的性价比.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0200402)
文摘With supercomputers developing towards exascale, the number of compute cores increases dramatically, making more complex and larger-scale applications possible. The input/output (I/O) requirements of large-scale applications, workflow applications, and their checkpointing include substantial bandwidth and an extremely low latency, posing a serious challenge to high performance computing (HPC) storage systems. Current hard disk drive (HDD) based underlying storage systems are becoming more and more incompetent to meet the requirements of next-generation exascale supercomputers. To rise to the challenge, we propose a hierarchical hybrid storage system, on-line and near-line file system (ONFS). It leverages dynamic random access memory (DRAM) and solid state drive (SSD) in compute nodes, and HDD in storage servers to build a three-level storage system in a unified namespace. It supports portable operating system interface (POSIX) semantics, and provides high bandwidth, low latency, and huge storage capacity. In this paper, we present the technical details on distributed metadata management, the strategy of memory borrow and return, data consistency, parallel access control, and mechanisms guiding downward and upward migration in ONFS. We implement an ONFS prototype on the TH-1A supercomputer, and conduct experiments to test its I/O performance and scalability. The results show that the bandwidths of single-thread and multi-thread 'read'/'write' are 6-fold and 5-fold better than HDD-based Lustre, respectively. The I/O bandwidth of data-intensive applications in ONFS can be 6.35 timcs that in Lustre.
文摘针对新兴混合插拔式电动汽车(plug-in hybrid electric vehicle,PHEV)应用,已有的车用能量存储系统存在笨重和可靠性差等缺点,同时驾驶人的驾驶行为严重地影响能量存储系统的性能和使用寿命,因此有效地对特定用户驾驶行为进行分析,并对大规模混合能量存储系统进行优化设计,将为未来新兴电驱动混合动力汽车的应用与实践打下坚实基础。该文提出特定用户传感器系统框架,分析其驾驶行为对混合能量存储系统(hybrid energy storage system,HESS)如锂电池和超级电容集成的影响,并设计了一个基于大规模HESS的优化架构。它综合考虑工艺制造的差异性和实时驾驶行为的多变性等因素影响,在满足能量需求条件下优化HESS成本和使用寿命。实验结果表明:该优化架构与只采用单一锂电池作为存储资源的架构相比,在达到使用寿命年限15a前提下,混合能量存储系统的成本代价平均降低了51.3%。同时,该架构的求解速度快,有利于实际实现。