人类活动每年向大气排放的CO2约为65亿t,其中留在大气中的约占50％,大洋吸收约16亿-20亿t,陆地生态系统大约吸收0.7亿-1.4亿t(Bates,2001;Battlle et al.,2000),还有大约13亿t找不到去处,称为大气CO2丢失项,而陆架边缘海有可能是这丢失...人类活动每年向大气排放的CO2约为65亿t,其中留在大气中的约占50％,大洋吸收约16亿-20亿t,陆地生态系统大约吸收0.7亿-1.4亿t(Bates,2001;Battlle et al.,2000),还有大约13亿t找不到去处,称为大气CO2丢失项,而陆架边缘海有可能是这丢失项的去处。近海沉积物是大气二氧化碳的接受者,同时当条件合适时沉积物中的碳又可被释放重新进入水体乃至大气中,是碳循环中的重要源与汇,因此海洋沉积物在碳循环中的作用是全球碳循环的一个关键环节。展开更多
We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of1 37Cs radioactivity in surface sediment of Qinghai Lake,and developed the spatial pattern of sedimentation rate.The1 37Cs inventory is higher near the estuary/bank ar...We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of1 37Cs radioactivity in surface sediment of Qinghai Lake,and developed the spatial pattern of sedimentation rate.The1 37Cs inventory is higher near the estuary/bank area,but lower at the central lake.On the other hand,the average1 37Cs activity is lower near the estuary/bank area,but higher at the central lake.The mass accumulation rate(MAR) and the fluxes and contents of the terrestrial detritus(e.g.SiO2,Fe2O3,and Ti) are higher near the estuary/bank area,but lower at the central lake.The chemical/biogenic deposits(e.g.the autogenic carbonates) take up higher fractions at the central lake.These suggest that the spatial pattern of recent sedimentation rate is dominated by the deposition of terrestrial detritus.The average MAR(0.0337 g cm-2a-1) was estimated based on those of different cores of Qinghai Lake and was verified by a Ca mass-balance method.The fluxes of total lake sediments,terrestrial detritus,and direct atmospheric deposits were also estimated.展开更多
The transport mechanism and settlement characteristics of suspended sediments are analyzed in this article on the basis of measured data. Results indicate that the concentration and flux of suspended sediments decreas...The transport mechanism and settlement characteristics of suspended sediments are analyzed in this article on the basis of measured data. Results indicate that the concentration and flux of suspended sediments decrease sharply from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by advection transport and gravitational circulation transport. The settling velocity of suspended sediments gradually decreases from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. The settlement of suspended sediments mainly takes place during the turning phase of the tidal currents.展开更多
Particle inertia effect plays a significant role in sediment dispersion which has not been fully elucidated.In this paper,the profound effect of particle inertia on the sediment dispersion was analyzed.The theoretical...Particle inertia effect plays a significant role in sediment dispersion which has not been fully elucidated.In this paper,the profound effect of particle inertia on the sediment dispersion was analyzed.The theoretical expression for the drift velocity based on the two-phase mixture theory in turbulent open channels is firstly introduced.The influence of particle inertia on sediment dispersion was investigated through three different aspects including vertical dispersion,motion,and flux properties based on the drift velocity.Results show that the dispersion of suspended sediment in turbulent open-channel flows is affected by three major processes including turbulence of water sediment mixtures,particle random motion,and collisions among particles,of which the contributions of particle turbulence and collisions to the sediment dispersion are remarkable for particles of high inertia.With respect to the vertical mean velocity and sediment flux,it shows that the predictive results agree well with the measurements when the term of particle inertia is considered.As a result,particle inertia considerably affects the behavior of suspended sediment.In particular,the influence of inertia must be accounted for in circumstances of flows laden with high-inertia particles.展开更多
文摘人类活动每年向大气排放的CO2约为65亿t,其中留在大气中的约占50％,大洋吸收约16亿-20亿t,陆地生态系统大约吸收0.7亿-1.4亿t(Bates,2001;Battlle et al.,2000),还有大约13亿t找不到去处,称为大气CO2丢失项,而陆架边缘海有可能是这丢失项的去处。近海沉积物是大气二氧化碳的接受者,同时当条件合适时沉积物中的碳又可被释放重新进入水体乃至大气中,是碳循环中的重要源与汇,因此海洋沉积物在碳循环中的作用是全球碳循环的一个关键环节。
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (Grant No.2007 BAC30B01)West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2007ZD01)
文摘We investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of1 37Cs radioactivity in surface sediment of Qinghai Lake,and developed the spatial pattern of sedimentation rate.The1 37Cs inventory is higher near the estuary/bank area,but lower at the central lake.On the other hand,the average1 37Cs activity is lower near the estuary/bank area,but higher at the central lake.The mass accumulation rate(MAR) and the fluxes and contents of the terrestrial detritus(e.g.SiO2,Fe2O3,and Ti) are higher near the estuary/bank area,but lower at the central lake.The chemical/biogenic deposits(e.g.the autogenic carbonates) take up higher fractions at the central lake.These suggest that the spatial pattern of recent sedimentation rate is dominated by the deposition of terrestrial detritus.The average MAR(0.0337 g cm-2a-1) was estimated based on those of different cores of Qinghai Lake and was verified by a Ca mass-balance method.The fluxes of total lake sediments,terrestrial detritus,and direct atmospheric deposits were also estimated.
文摘The transport mechanism and settlement characteristics of suspended sediments are analyzed in this article on the basis of measured data. Results indicate that the concentration and flux of suspended sediments decrease sharply from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. Suspended sediment transport is mainly controlled by advection transport and gravitational circulation transport. The settling velocity of suspended sediments gradually decreases from Hangzhou Bay to the offshore area. The settlement of suspended sediments mainly takes place during the turning phase of the tidal currents.
基金supported by the Natural National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51379102,51039004)the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(Grant No.2012BAB05B01)
文摘Particle inertia effect plays a significant role in sediment dispersion which has not been fully elucidated.In this paper,the profound effect of particle inertia on the sediment dispersion was analyzed.The theoretical expression for the drift velocity based on the two-phase mixture theory in turbulent open channels is firstly introduced.The influence of particle inertia on sediment dispersion was investigated through three different aspects including vertical dispersion,motion,and flux properties based on the drift velocity.Results show that the dispersion of suspended sediment in turbulent open-channel flows is affected by three major processes including turbulence of water sediment mixtures,particle random motion,and collisions among particles,of which the contributions of particle turbulence and collisions to the sediment dispersion are remarkable for particles of high inertia.With respect to the vertical mean velocity and sediment flux,it shows that the predictive results agree well with the measurements when the term of particle inertia is considered.As a result,particle inertia considerably affects the behavior of suspended sediment.In particular,the influence of inertia must be accounted for in circumstances of flows laden with high-inertia particles.
