Pressing need goes ahead for accessing freshwater in insufficient supply countries and regions,which will become a restrictive factor for human development and production.In recent years,solar-driven water evaporation...Pressing need goes ahead for accessing freshwater in insufficient supply countries and regions,which will become a restrictive factor for human development and production.In recent years,solar-driven water evaporation(SDWE)systems have attracted increasing attention for their specialty in no consume conventional energy,pollution-free,and the high purity of fresh water.In particular,carbon-based photothermal conversion materials are preferred light-absorbing material for SDWE systems because of their wide range of spectrum absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency based on superconjugate effect.Until now,many carbon-based SDWE systems have been reported,and various structures emerged and were designed to enhance light absorption,optimize heat management,and improve the efficient water transport path.In this review,we attempt to give a comprehensive summary and discussions of structure progress of the carbon-based SDWE systems and their working mechanisms,including carbon nanoparticles systems,single-layer photothermal membrane systems,bi-layer structural photothermal systems,porous carbon-based materials systems,and three dimensional(3D)systems.In these systems,the latest 3D systems can expand the light path by allowing light to be reflected multiple times in the microcavity to increase the light absorption rate,and its large heat exchange area can prompt more water to evaporate,which makes them the promising application foreground.We hope our review can spark the probing of underlying principles and inspiring design strategies of these carbonbased SDWE systems,and further guide device optimizations,eventually promoting in extensive practical applications in the future.展开更多
Interfacial solar-steam generation is a promising and cost-effective technology for both desalination and wastewater treatment.This process uses a photothermal evaporator to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat fo...Interfacial solar-steam generation is a promising and cost-effective technology for both desalination and wastewater treatment.This process uses a photothermal evaporator to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat for water evaporation.However solar-steam generation can be somewhat inefficient due to energy losses via conduction,convection and radiation.Thus,efficient energy management is crucial for optimizing the performance of solar-steam generation.Here,via elaborate design of the configuration of photothermal materials,as well as warm and cold evaporation surfaces,performance in solar evaporation was significantly enhanced.This was achieved via a simultaneous reduction in energy loss with a net increase in energy gain from the environment,and recycling of the latent heat released from vapor condensation,diffusive reflectance,thermal radiation and convection from the evaporation surface.Overall,by using the new strategy,an evaporation rate of 2.94 kg m^-2 h^-1,with a corresponding energy efficiency of solar-steam generation beyond theoretical limit was achieved.展开更多
Interfacial solar steam generation is an efficient water evaporation technology which has promising applications in desalination,sterilization,water purification and treatment.A common component of evaporator design i...Interfacial solar steam generation is an efficient water evaporation technology which has promising applications in desalination,sterilization,water purification and treatment.A common component of evaporator design is a thermal-insulation support placed between the photothermal evaporation surface and bulk water.This configuration,common in 2-dimensional(2 D)evaporation systems,minimizes heat loss from evaporation surface to bulk water,thus localizing the heat on the evaporation surface for efficient evaporation.This design is subsequently directly adopted for 3-dimensional(3 D)evaporators without any consideration if it is appropriate.However,unlike 2 D solar evaporators,the 3 D evaporators can also harvest additional energy(other than solar light)from the air and bulk water to enhance evaporation rate.In this scenario,the use of thermal insulator support is not proper since it will hinder energy extraction from water.Here,the traditional 3 D evaporator configuration was completely redesigned by using a highly thermally conductive material,instead of a thermal insulator,to connect evaporation surfaces and the bulk water.Much higher evaporation rates were achieved by this strategy,owing to the rapid heat transfer from the bulk water to the evaporation surfaces.Indoor and outdoor tests both confirmed that evaporation performance could be significantly improved by substituting a thermal insulator with thermally conductive support.These findings will redirect the future design of 3 D photothermal evaporators.展开更多
碳材料通常用于太阳能水蒸发,因为它们可以吸收宽带光并有效地产生热量.然而,具有光滑表面的传统碳材料受到大约10%的中等反射的限制,损失了反射能量.在此,我们提出了一种多界面策略,以提高碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的固有光吸收,从而实现更高...碳材料通常用于太阳能水蒸发,因为它们可以吸收宽带光并有效地产生热量.然而,具有光滑表面的传统碳材料受到大约10%的中等反射的限制,损失了反射能量.在此,我们提出了一种多界面策略,以提高碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的固有光吸收,从而实现更高效的太阳能驱动水净化.通过简单的牺牲模板方法,在CNFs中引入分级孔来构建多个界面得到高表面粗糙度碳纳米纤维(HPCNFs).由于高表面粗糙度和源自分级孔的丰富内部空气介电界面,HPCNFs在宽带光(300–2500 nm)吸收显著改善,高达97.62%,这使得在1个太阳光照下的太阳光转换为蒸汽的效率达到96.13%,蒸发率高达1.78 kg m^(-2)h^(−1),超过了大多数相关的纯碳材料.当用于太阳能水蒸发脱盐时,HPCNF膜表现出对离子的高度排斥(<0.05 mg L^(−1)盐离子),并以每天11.18 kg m^(-2)的速率从湖中产生淡水,足以满足4–5个人的日常需求.这项工作为高效碳基太阳能水蒸发材料的设计提供了一种简便策略.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFA0209500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21621091 and 21975209)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(20720190037)。
文摘Pressing need goes ahead for accessing freshwater in insufficient supply countries and regions,which will become a restrictive factor for human development and production.In recent years,solar-driven water evaporation(SDWE)systems have attracted increasing attention for their specialty in no consume conventional energy,pollution-free,and the high purity of fresh water.In particular,carbon-based photothermal conversion materials are preferred light-absorbing material for SDWE systems because of their wide range of spectrum absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency based on superconjugate effect.Until now,many carbon-based SDWE systems have been reported,and various structures emerged and were designed to enhance light absorption,optimize heat management,and improve the efficient water transport path.In this review,we attempt to give a comprehensive summary and discussions of structure progress of the carbon-based SDWE systems and their working mechanisms,including carbon nanoparticles systems,single-layer photothermal membrane systems,bi-layer structural photothermal systems,porous carbon-based materials systems,and three dimensional(3D)systems.In these systems,the latest 3D systems can expand the light path by allowing light to be reflected multiple times in the microcavity to increase the light absorption rate,and its large heat exchange area can prompt more water to evaporate,which makes them the promising application foreground.We hope our review can spark the probing of underlying principles and inspiring design strategies of these carbonbased SDWE systems,and further guide device optimizations,eventually promoting in extensive practical applications in the future.
基金financial support from Australian Research Council(ARC Future Fellowship FT190100485)University of South Australia(Foundation Fellow)China Scholarship Council and Huasheng Graphite Co.,Ltd。
文摘Interfacial solar-steam generation is a promising and cost-effective technology for both desalination and wastewater treatment.This process uses a photothermal evaporator to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat for water evaporation.However solar-steam generation can be somewhat inefficient due to energy losses via conduction,convection and radiation.Thus,efficient energy management is crucial for optimizing the performance of solar-steam generation.Here,via elaborate design of the configuration of photothermal materials,as well as warm and cold evaporation surfaces,performance in solar evaporation was significantly enhanced.This was achieved via a simultaneous reduction in energy loss with a net increase in energy gain from the environment,and recycling of the latent heat released from vapor condensation,diffusive reflectance,thermal radiation and convection from the evaporation surface.Overall,by using the new strategy,an evaporation rate of 2.94 kg m^-2 h^-1,with a corresponding energy efficiency of solar-steam generation beyond theoretical limit was achieved.
基金financial support from the Australian Research Council(ARC Future Fellowship FT190100485)financial support from the China Scholarship Council for his PhD Scholarshipthe Future Industries Institute for a top up scholarship。
文摘Interfacial solar steam generation is an efficient water evaporation technology which has promising applications in desalination,sterilization,water purification and treatment.A common component of evaporator design is a thermal-insulation support placed between the photothermal evaporation surface and bulk water.This configuration,common in 2-dimensional(2 D)evaporation systems,minimizes heat loss from evaporation surface to bulk water,thus localizing the heat on the evaporation surface for efficient evaporation.This design is subsequently directly adopted for 3-dimensional(3 D)evaporators without any consideration if it is appropriate.However,unlike 2 D solar evaporators,the 3 D evaporators can also harvest additional energy(other than solar light)from the air and bulk water to enhance evaporation rate.In this scenario,the use of thermal insulator support is not proper since it will hinder energy extraction from water.Here,the traditional 3 D evaporator configuration was completely redesigned by using a highly thermally conductive material,instead of a thermal insulator,to connect evaporation surfaces and the bulk water.Much higher evaporation rates were achieved by this strategy,owing to the rapid heat transfer from the bulk water to the evaporation surfaces.Indoor and outdoor tests both confirmed that evaporation performance could be significantly improved by substituting a thermal insulator with thermally conductive support.These findings will redirect the future design of 3 D photothermal evaporators.
基金supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars Program and the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2019-01-07-00-03-E00023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52202218,62171116 and 51973027)+1 种基金DHU Distinguished Young Professor Program,Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology (22ZR1401000)Shanghai Pujiang Program (21PJ1400200)
文摘碳材料通常用于太阳能水蒸发,因为它们可以吸收宽带光并有效地产生热量.然而,具有光滑表面的传统碳材料受到大约10%的中等反射的限制,损失了反射能量.在此,我们提出了一种多界面策略,以提高碳纳米纤维(CNFs)的固有光吸收,从而实现更高效的太阳能驱动水净化.通过简单的牺牲模板方法,在CNFs中引入分级孔来构建多个界面得到高表面粗糙度碳纳米纤维(HPCNFs).由于高表面粗糙度和源自分级孔的丰富内部空气介电界面,HPCNFs在宽带光(300–2500 nm)吸收显著改善,高达97.62%,这使得在1个太阳光照下的太阳光转换为蒸汽的效率达到96.13%,蒸发率高达1.78 kg m^(-2)h^(−1),超过了大多数相关的纯碳材料.当用于太阳能水蒸发脱盐时,HPCNF膜表现出对离子的高度排斥(<0.05 mg L^(−1)盐离子),并以每天11.18 kg m^(-2)的速率从湖中产生淡水,足以满足4–5个人的日常需求.这项工作为高效碳基太阳能水蒸发材料的设计提供了一种简便策略.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51971133,51902200,52071213,32000981 and 52072241)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(18JC1410500,19ZR1425300 and 19ZR1425100)+2 种基金the National High-Level Talent Program for Young Scholars,Shenzhen Science and Technology Research Funding(JCYJ20190806170011328)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20190352)Guangdong Province Fundamental Research Funds(2019A1515111209).
