目前广泛应用于VSC-HVDC的变流方案主要有3种:HVDC-light、HVDC-Plus和变桥臂多电平拓扑(alternativearm multi-level converter,A2MC)。A2MC结构采用变桥臂技术,在直流母线、损耗、子单元数量上与另外两种方案相比都有所改进。基于变...目前广泛应用于VSC-HVDC的变流方案主要有3种:HVDC-light、HVDC-Plus和变桥臂多电平拓扑(alternativearm multi-level converter,A2MC)。A2MC结构采用变桥臂技术,在直流母线、损耗、子单元数量上与另外两种方案相比都有所改进。基于变桥臂变流原理,提出一种全桥型变桥臂多电平变流拓扑(full-bridge alternative arm multi-levelconverter,FA2MC),对柔性直流输电变流器性能进一步优化。系统阐述该拓扑结构的工作原理,并对FA2MC结构、A2MC结构和模块化多电平变流(modulator multilevelconverter,MMC)结构的子单元数量、IGBT数量以及损耗进行数学分析和理论推导。所提出的FA2MC结构在A2MC结构的基础上进一步降低了直流母线电压等级、子单元和所需IGBT数量,并且延续了A2MC结构损耗较低、具有直流侧故障阻隔能力的优势。仿真与实验结果验证了新拓扑结构的正确性和有效性。展开更多
AIM: To obtain the entire gene open reading frame (ORF) and to construct the expression vectors for recombinant allergen production.METHODS: Gene fragments corresponding to the gene specific region and the cDNA ends o...AIM: To obtain the entire gene open reading frame (ORF) and to construct the expression vectors for recombinant allergen production.METHODS: Gene fragments corresponding to the gene specific region and the cDNA ends of pollen allergens of short ragweed (Rg, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) were obtained by pan-degenerate primer-based PCR and rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE), and the products were mixed to serve as the bridging PCR (BPCR) template. The full-length gene was then obtained. Partially overlapping primer-based PCR (POP-PCR) method was developed to overcome the other problem, i.e., the non-specific amplification of the ORF with routine long primers for expression insert decoration.Northern blot was conducted to confirm pollen sources of the gene. The full-length coding region was evaluated for its gene function by homologue search in Genl3ank database and Western blotting of the recombinant protein Arab a 8(D106) expressed in Escherichia coli pET-44 system.RESULTS: The full-length cDNA sequence of Arab a 8(D106) was obtained by using the above procedure and deduced to encode a 131 amino acid polypeptide. Multiple sequence alignment exhibited the gene D106 sharing a homology ashigh as 54-89% and 79-89% to profilin from pollen and food sources, vespectively. The expression vector of the allergen gene D106 was successfully constructed by employing the combined method of BPCR and POP-PCR. Recombinant allergen rAmb a 8(D106) was then successfully generated.The allergenicity was hallmarked by immunoblotting with the allergic serum samples and its RNA source was confirmed by Northern blot.CONCLUSION: The combined procedure of POP-PCR and BPCR is a powerful method for full-length allergen gene retrieval and expression insert decoration, which would be useful for recombinant allergen production and subsequent diagnosis and immunotherapy of pollen and food allergy.展开更多
文摘目前广泛应用于VSC-HVDC的变流方案主要有3种:HVDC-light、HVDC-Plus和变桥臂多电平拓扑(alternativearm multi-level converter,A2MC)。A2MC结构采用变桥臂技术,在直流母线、损耗、子单元数量上与另外两种方案相比都有所改进。基于变桥臂变流原理,提出一种全桥型变桥臂多电平变流拓扑(full-bridge alternative arm multi-levelconverter,FA2MC),对柔性直流输电变流器性能进一步优化。系统阐述该拓扑结构的工作原理,并对FA2MC结构、A2MC结构和模块化多电平变流(modulator multilevelconverter,MMC)结构的子单元数量、IGBT数量以及损耗进行数学分析和理论推导。所提出的FA2MC结构在A2MC结构的基础上进一步降低了直流母线电压等级、子单元和所需IGBT数量,并且延续了A2MC结构损耗较低、具有直流侧故障阻隔能力的优势。仿真与实验结果验证了新拓扑结构的正确性和有效性。
基金Supported by the Li Ka Shing Foundation,Hong Kong,China,No.C0200001 and Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.034617
文摘AIM: To obtain the entire gene open reading frame (ORF) and to construct the expression vectors for recombinant allergen production.METHODS: Gene fragments corresponding to the gene specific region and the cDNA ends of pollen allergens of short ragweed (Rg, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) were obtained by pan-degenerate primer-based PCR and rapid amplification of the cDNA ends (RACE), and the products were mixed to serve as the bridging PCR (BPCR) template. The full-length gene was then obtained. Partially overlapping primer-based PCR (POP-PCR) method was developed to overcome the other problem, i.e., the non-specific amplification of the ORF with routine long primers for expression insert decoration.Northern blot was conducted to confirm pollen sources of the gene. The full-length coding region was evaluated for its gene function by homologue search in Genl3ank database and Western blotting of the recombinant protein Arab a 8(D106) expressed in Escherichia coli pET-44 system.RESULTS: The full-length cDNA sequence of Arab a 8(D106) was obtained by using the above procedure and deduced to encode a 131 amino acid polypeptide. Multiple sequence alignment exhibited the gene D106 sharing a homology ashigh as 54-89% and 79-89% to profilin from pollen and food sources, vespectively. The expression vector of the allergen gene D106 was successfully constructed by employing the combined method of BPCR and POP-PCR. Recombinant allergen rAmb a 8(D106) was then successfully generated.The allergenicity was hallmarked by immunoblotting with the allergic serum samples and its RNA source was confirmed by Northern blot.CONCLUSION: The combined procedure of POP-PCR and BPCR is a powerful method for full-length allergen gene retrieval and expression insert decoration, which would be useful for recombinant allergen production and subsequent diagnosis and immunotherapy of pollen and food allergy.
