An epidemic of hepatitis in the south part of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Reg ion during 1986-1988, and 2 548 acute sporadic hepatitis cases from 17 cities of Ch i na were studied. The disease had following clinical an...An epidemic of hepatitis in the south part of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Reg ion during 1986-1988, and 2 548 acute sporadic hepatitis cases from 17 cities of Ch i na were studied. The disease had following clinical and epidemiological char acte ristics: 86.4% cases occurred in the age group of 20-59 years; with male prepon d erance and autumn-winter excess; 75% patients had a history of contact with hep a titis cases, and / or eating out or drinking unboiled water; clinical features w ere s imilar to hepatitis A, with a higher fatality rate, especially in pregnant women (up to 21%). Two strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from Xinjiang were completely seq uenced by dideoxy chain termina tion method, with nucleotide homology of 93.5% and 94.5% with Burma strain (geno type 1), 75.7% and 75.9% with Mexico strain (genotype 2), 73.7% and 74.2 % with American strain (genotype 3), respectively. It suggests that these two st rains belong to genotype 1. The partial sequencing of open reading frame (ORF)2 region of 98 HEV isol ates from 19 cities of China revealed that 62 of them (63.3%) shared the same ge notype with Burma and Xinjiang strains, and 36 (36.7%) isolates were of genotype 4. One of the 36 strains was completely sequenced, with nucleotide identity of 75% with Burma strain, 74.5% with Mexico strain and 75.3% with American strain , respectively. Sera collected from 419 pigs, 190 cattle and 316 goats from var ious regions of China were detected for anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA using a n in-house enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain re action (RT-nPCR) with primers from ORF 2. The mean positivity rates of anti-HEV antibody for pigs and cattle were 78.8% and 6. 3%, respectively, but none of the goat sera was anti-HEV positive. The PCR product s (nt 6007- 6354) of 5 HEV RNA positive sera were sequenced and compared to othe r HEV sequences in the nucleotide databases. The five sequences shared 74%-79%, 73%-74%, 73%-78%, and 83%-99% identity to HEV genotypes 1,2,3 and 4展开更多
In September through December 1986,an archaeological survey to the Hexi Corridor(excluding Aksay Kazak Autonomous County) was conducted by the joint workgroup consisting of colleagues from Department of Archaeology,Pe...In September through December 1986,an archaeological survey to the Hexi Corridor(excluding Aksay Kazak Autonomous County) was conducted by the joint workgroup consisting of colleagues from Department of Archaeology,Peking University and Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.In this large-scale survey,over 40 ancient sites were discovered,most of which belonged to the late Neolithic and Bronze Ages,as well as some belonged to Iron Age or few of which even as late as the Han to Jin Dynasties.The archaeological cultures involved were Majiayao Culture,Banshan-Machang Culture,"Transitional Type" remains,Dongjiatai Culture,Qijia Culture,Siba Culture,Shanma Culture,Shajing Culture and Xindian Culture.This survey and preliminary researches proved that the prehistoric cultures in the eastern section of Hexi Corridor and that in its western section had some differences.In the eastern section of Hexi Corridor,the development sequence of the prehistoric culture was: Majiayao Culture-Banshan Culture-Machang CultureQijia Culture-Dongjiatai Culture-Xindian Culture-Shajing Culture;in the western section of Hexi Corridor,the development sequence of the prehistoric culture was: Majiayao Culture-Machang Culture-"Transitional Type" remains-Siba Culture-Shanma Culture.These archaeological cultures have temporal and spatial coexistence and overlapping in various degrees.The prehistoric cultures in Hexi Corridor,which were originated in the Yellow River and the Huang湟 River Valleys,were the results of the westward emigration and evolution of Majiayao Culture and its subtypes;at last,they traveled into Hami Basin in eastern Xinjiang.In the late Bronze Age,the prehistoric cultures in Hexi Corridor split up into several regional cultures,such as Xindian Culture nearby Tianzhu County at the east end of Hexi Corridor,Shajing Culture in Minqin to Yongchang Basin and Shanma Culture distributed from Zhangye to Dunhuang.These regional cultures kept their isolation for a long time,until Emperor Wudi of the Western Han D展开更多
文摘An epidemic of hepatitis in the south part of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Reg ion during 1986-1988, and 2 548 acute sporadic hepatitis cases from 17 cities of Ch i na were studied. The disease had following clinical and epidemiological char acte ristics: 86.4% cases occurred in the age group of 20-59 years; with male prepon d erance and autumn-winter excess; 75% patients had a history of contact with hep a titis cases, and / or eating out or drinking unboiled water; clinical features w ere s imilar to hepatitis A, with a higher fatality rate, especially in pregnant women (up to 21%). Two strains of hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from Xinjiang were completely seq uenced by dideoxy chain termina tion method, with nucleotide homology of 93.5% and 94.5% with Burma strain (geno type 1), 75.7% and 75.9% with Mexico strain (genotype 2), 73.7% and 74.2 % with American strain (genotype 3), respectively. It suggests that these two st rains belong to genotype 1. The partial sequencing of open reading frame (ORF)2 region of 98 HEV isol ates from 19 cities of China revealed that 62 of them (63.3%) shared the same ge notype with Burma and Xinjiang strains, and 36 (36.7%) isolates were of genotype 4. One of the 36 strains was completely sequenced, with nucleotide identity of 75% with Burma strain, 74.5% with Mexico strain and 75.3% with American strain , respectively. Sera collected from 419 pigs, 190 cattle and 316 goats from var ious regions of China were detected for anti-HEV antibodies and HEV RNA using a n in-house enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and reverse transcriptase nested polymerase chain re action (RT-nPCR) with primers from ORF 2. The mean positivity rates of anti-HEV antibody for pigs and cattle were 78.8% and 6. 3%, respectively, but none of the goat sera was anti-HEV positive. The PCR product s (nt 6007- 6354) of 5 HEV RNA positive sera were sequenced and compared to othe r HEV sequences in the nucleotide databases. The five sequences shared 74%-79%, 73%-74%, 73%-78%, and 83%-99% identity to HEV genotypes 1,2,3 and 4
文摘In September through December 1986,an archaeological survey to the Hexi Corridor(excluding Aksay Kazak Autonomous County) was conducted by the joint workgroup consisting of colleagues from Department of Archaeology,Peking University and Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology.In this large-scale survey,over 40 ancient sites were discovered,most of which belonged to the late Neolithic and Bronze Ages,as well as some belonged to Iron Age or few of which even as late as the Han to Jin Dynasties.The archaeological cultures involved were Majiayao Culture,Banshan-Machang Culture,"Transitional Type" remains,Dongjiatai Culture,Qijia Culture,Siba Culture,Shanma Culture,Shajing Culture and Xindian Culture.This survey and preliminary researches proved that the prehistoric cultures in the eastern section of Hexi Corridor and that in its western section had some differences.In the eastern section of Hexi Corridor,the development sequence of the prehistoric culture was: Majiayao Culture-Banshan Culture-Machang CultureQijia Culture-Dongjiatai Culture-Xindian Culture-Shajing Culture;in the western section of Hexi Corridor,the development sequence of the prehistoric culture was: Majiayao Culture-Machang Culture-"Transitional Type" remains-Siba Culture-Shanma Culture.These archaeological cultures have temporal and spatial coexistence and overlapping in various degrees.The prehistoric cultures in Hexi Corridor,which were originated in the Yellow River and the Huang湟 River Valleys,were the results of the westward emigration and evolution of Majiayao Culture and its subtypes;at last,they traveled into Hami Basin in eastern Xinjiang.In the late Bronze Age,the prehistoric cultures in Hexi Corridor split up into several regional cultures,such as Xindian Culture nearby Tianzhu County at the east end of Hexi Corridor,Shajing Culture in Minqin to Yongchang Basin and Shanma Culture distributed from Zhangye to Dunhuang.These regional cultures kept their isolation for a long time,until Emperor Wudi of the Western Han D
