A vegetation evolution model influenced by a degeneration of soil ecological functions was set up. Three ideal communities of a) trees, b) shrubs, and c) herbage populations were first simulated. Then numerical simula...A vegetation evolution model influenced by a degeneration of soil ecological functions was set up. Three ideal communities of a) trees, b) shrubs, and c) herbage populations were first simulated. Then numerical simulations of the evolutionary and developmental processes of a natural forest community, which is composed of over 100 species,were conducted. Results of the study showed that a) in all communities, soil degeneration not only drove some weaker species to extinction, but also a few dominant ones; b) there were different response scales with species in an ideal tree metapopulation that could persist as long as a thousand years, with shrubs in an ideal shrub metapopulation that could persevere for several hundred years, and with species in an ideal herbage metapopulation that could become extinct within 10 years; and c) each metapopulation experienced three evolutionary stages during adaptation to the environment: a) the stage of compelled adaptation or resistance, b) the adjusted stage, and c) the stabilized stage.展开更多
高端换流变阀侧电压的持续运行最大峰值(peak value of the continuous operating voltage,PCOV)是特高压直流换流站直流避雷器参数设计和绝缘配合方案评估的一个重要数据。利用RTDS的非实时运算功能,本着尊重实际工程事实的原则及突出...高端换流变阀侧电压的持续运行最大峰值(peak value of the continuous operating voltage,PCOV)是特高压直流换流站直流避雷器参数设计和绝缘配合方案评估的一个重要数据。利用RTDS的非实时运算功能,本着尊重实际工程事实的原则及突出关键点、保留关联点和等效次要点的基本方式,通过采用自定义阀元件模型、低端换流器等效为可调直流源、控制系统依运行特性最简化等建模技术,建立了一种能够模拟换相过冲暂态过程、计算高端换流变阀侧电压PCOV的数字仿真高频模型,并且以向家坝—上海&800 k V直流输电工程为实例,从不同运行工况和不同设备参数的角度对模型准确性和可用性进行了分析和验证。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40371108) the National "211" Key Project of China: The environmental evolution and ecological construction on multi-spatio-temporal scales.
文摘A vegetation evolution model influenced by a degeneration of soil ecological functions was set up. Three ideal communities of a) trees, b) shrubs, and c) herbage populations were first simulated. Then numerical simulations of the evolutionary and developmental processes of a natural forest community, which is composed of over 100 species,were conducted. Results of the study showed that a) in all communities, soil degeneration not only drove some weaker species to extinction, but also a few dominant ones; b) there were different response scales with species in an ideal tree metapopulation that could persist as long as a thousand years, with shrubs in an ideal shrub metapopulation that could persevere for several hundred years, and with species in an ideal herbage metapopulation that could become extinct within 10 years; and c) each metapopulation experienced three evolutionary stages during adaptation to the environment: a) the stage of compelled adaptation or resistance, b) the adjusted stage, and c) the stabilized stage.
文摘高端换流变阀侧电压的持续运行最大峰值(peak value of the continuous operating voltage,PCOV)是特高压直流换流站直流避雷器参数设计和绝缘配合方案评估的一个重要数据。利用RTDS的非实时运算功能,本着尊重实际工程事实的原则及突出关键点、保留关联点和等效次要点的基本方式,通过采用自定义阀元件模型、低端换流器等效为可调直流源、控制系统依运行特性最简化等建模技术,建立了一种能够模拟换相过冲暂态过程、计算高端换流变阀侧电压PCOV的数字仿真高频模型,并且以向家坝—上海&800 k V直流输电工程为实例,从不同运行工况和不同设备参数的角度对模型准确性和可用性进行了分析和验证。
