The diffusion of water vapour in the atmospheric air through the elements of the envelope of a cold storage room, caused by the pressure gradient between the external and internal environment is inevitable in most sit...The diffusion of water vapour in the atmospheric air through the elements of the envelope of a cold storage room, caused by the pressure gradient between the external and internal environment is inevitable in most situations. In fact, if the conditions in the interior of an envelope element are such as to enable the vapour freezing of the migrant water, the increase in volume from the formation of ice will causes the deformation of this element with very serious consequences, which can go up to its partial or total destruction. In this scenario, readily note the importance ofvapour barriers associated with a properly designed insulation, tend to not only reduce the amount of water diffused, but also prevent the achievement of the conditions for freeze inside the engaging elements. The purpose of this work is to formulate the procedure for design of vapour barriers connected with the design of optimized thermal insulation, and then apply it to a cold chamber located in Portugal. Vapour barriers and the procedure for its design are both mandatory. The required thickness of the vapour barrier is relatively small, and the most appropriate insolation (maintaining the optimal thickness) is the black cork agglomerate.展开更多
【目的】研究bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌的多重耐药特征,并分析菌株CY32全基因组序列结构。【方法】对5株bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌进行氟苯尼考和质粒介导氟喹诺酮类耐药基因检测、接合试验和bla_(CMY-2)基因的Southern...【目的】研究bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌的多重耐药特征,并分析菌株CY32全基因组序列结构。【方法】对5株bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌进行氟苯尼考和质粒介导氟喹诺酮类耐药基因检测、接合试验和bla_(CMY-2)基因的Southern杂交定位,对其中一株菌CY32进行全基因测序和生物信息学分析。【结果】5株奇异变形杆菌携带的bla_(CMY-2)位于染色体,其中,菌株CY12、CY32、S31和S52携带floR,菌株CY12和CY32携带qnrD。CY32的染色体同时含有SXT/R391型整合性接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)(ICEPmiJpn1)和PmGRI1共2种耐药基因岛。ICEs的可变区包含2个串联的复合型转座子(IS10构成),其中一个复合型转座子携带bla_(CMY-2);CY32的PmGRI1耐药岛含有12个耐药基因。与其他奇异变形杆菌携带的PmGRI1相比,多重耐药区差异最大的区域位于Tn21转座子。此外,CY32包含2个质粒,包括携带floR的IncQ质粒和携带qnrD的非接合质粒。奇异变形杆菌CY32携带15个耐药基因,呈现多重耐药的特性。【结论】奇异变形杆菌经基因岛和质粒获得多重耐药,使治疗奇异变形杆菌感染变得更加困难,应加强对动物源奇异变形杆菌耐药性监测。展开更多
本研究建立了一种抗生素平板与分子检测相结合的高效筛选水产品中携带SXT/R391家族整合接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)的多重耐药菌株的方法。采用美国临床与实验室标准研究所标准Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法、需氧菌...本研究建立了一种抗生素平板与分子检测相结合的高效筛选水产品中携带SXT/R391家族整合接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)的多重耐药菌株的方法。采用美国临床与实验室标准研究所标准Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法、需氧菌液体微量稀释法,以及接合实验,对筛选、鉴定获得的携带SXT/R391家族ICEs的变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris)进行了抗菌素、重金属抗性以及ICEs元件接合转移活性的分析。结果表明:运用本研究建立的筛选法可有效获得含有多重耐药基因的ICEs元件,其检出率为3%,远高于常规聚合酶链式反应技术的检测水平(<1‰)。受试菌株对六大类10种抗菌素均表现出抗性,并且对重金属镉、铜、锌和汞具有高度耐受性。接合实验证明了受试菌株所携带的ICEs元件在普通变形杆菌与大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)MG1655之间的自我转移活性。展开更多
[目的]本试验以猪链球菌Chz型的2株临床分离株AH681和HN136为研究对象,通过分析鉴定其整合性接合元件(integrative and conjugative element,ICE)和检测其环化活性,探讨猪链球菌ICE与耐药基因转移的关系和多重耐药机制。[方法]采用最小...[目的]本试验以猪链球菌Chz型的2株临床分离株AH681和HN136为研究对象,通过分析鉴定其整合性接合元件(integrative and conjugative element,ICE)和检测其环化活性,探讨猪链球菌ICE与耐药基因转移的关系和多重耐药机制。[方法]采用最小抑菌浓度法测定猪链球菌AH681和HN136的耐药性。建立生物信息学方法预测细菌基因组中整合性接合元件,结合已报道猪链球菌ICE的位置特点对其进行定位;用环化试验和接合试验检测所预测ICE的活性;构建进化树分析猪链球菌中ICE的进化关系。[结果]AH681和HN136均为多重耐药菌株,其基因组中存在明显外源插入的基因岛,其中大小为73 kb和115 kb的基因岛具备整合性接合元件的典型特点,且这2个基因岛对应的ICE(ICESsuAH681和ICESsuHN136)属于ICESa2603家族。进一步分析发现,ICESsuAH681中存在四环素类抗生素耐药基因tet(O)、大环内酯类抗生素耐药基因erm(B)、氟喹诺酮类药物出口ATP接合蛋白基因、细菌素操纵子和砷酸盐还原酶基因等;ICESsuHN136中存在tet(O)、erm(B)和细菌素基因簇等。环化试验证实ICESsuAH681可自主地从基因组上切离并成环,但未在P1/7菌株上获得ICESsuAH681的接合子;未检测到ICESsuHN136的切离和成环。进化分析结果表明猪链球菌中已明确位置的ICE在进化关系上有6个大分支,ICESsuAH681与ICESa2603家族ICE的亲缘关系更近。[结论]猪链球菌Chz型多重耐药菌株AH681中存在1个73 kb的携带tet(O)、erm(B)和arsc等抗性基因的ICESsuAH681,它可从基因组上切除并环化,是一个有环化活性的ICE。展开更多
采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应方法分析在1 5~4 2℃温度范围内副溶血性弧菌(Vi b r i o parahaemolyticus)CHN25整合接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)ICEVpa Chn1核心基因表达对温度变化的响应。结果表明:...采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应方法分析在1 5~4 2℃温度范围内副溶血性弧菌(Vi b r i o parahaemolyticus)CHN25整合接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)ICEVpa Chn1核心基因表达对温度变化的响应。结果表明:温度介导ICEVpa Chn1元件保守模块核心基因表达发生显著变化,其中,编码进入排斥蛋白Eex(entry exclusion)的基因对温度变化最为敏感,低于或高于37℃的温度条件均强烈抑制eex基因表达(〉10倍)。此外,在15~37℃范围内,温度的升高显著激活编码整合酶Int(integrase)、接合转移蛋白Tra I(transfer protein I)和Tra G、DNA修复蛋白Rum A基因的表达,且在37℃达到最大值;与其他检测基因明显不同,温度升高抑制转录抑制子Set R基因的表达,促进int等基因转录激活子Set C和Set D的积累,进而刺激切离,促进ICEVpa Chn1元件的接合转移。实验结果揭示了环境温度对ICEs元件核心基因表达的影响,发现低温(〈15℃)和高温(〉37℃)条件均可能阻遏ICEVpa Chn1元件及其携带基因信息在不同种属细菌间的接合转移。展开更多
文摘The diffusion of water vapour in the atmospheric air through the elements of the envelope of a cold storage room, caused by the pressure gradient between the external and internal environment is inevitable in most situations. In fact, if the conditions in the interior of an envelope element are such as to enable the vapour freezing of the migrant water, the increase in volume from the formation of ice will causes the deformation of this element with very serious consequences, which can go up to its partial or total destruction. In this scenario, readily note the importance ofvapour barriers associated with a properly designed insulation, tend to not only reduce the amount of water diffused, but also prevent the achievement of the conditions for freeze inside the engaging elements. The purpose of this work is to formulate the procedure for design of vapour barriers connected with the design of optimized thermal insulation, and then apply it to a cold chamber located in Portugal. Vapour barriers and the procedure for its design are both mandatory. The required thickness of the vapour barrier is relatively small, and the most appropriate insolation (maintaining the optimal thickness) is the black cork agglomerate.
文摘【目的】研究bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌的多重耐药特征,并分析菌株CY32全基因组序列结构。【方法】对5株bla_(CMY-2)阳性禽源奇异变形杆菌进行氟苯尼考和质粒介导氟喹诺酮类耐药基因检测、接合试验和bla_(CMY-2)基因的Southern杂交定位,对其中一株菌CY32进行全基因测序和生物信息学分析。【结果】5株奇异变形杆菌携带的bla_(CMY-2)位于染色体,其中,菌株CY12、CY32、S31和S52携带floR,菌株CY12和CY32携带qnrD。CY32的染色体同时含有SXT/R391型整合性接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)(ICEPmiJpn1)和PmGRI1共2种耐药基因岛。ICEs的可变区包含2个串联的复合型转座子(IS10构成),其中一个复合型转座子携带bla_(CMY-2);CY32的PmGRI1耐药岛含有12个耐药基因。与其他奇异变形杆菌携带的PmGRI1相比,多重耐药区差异最大的区域位于Tn21转座子。此外,CY32包含2个质粒,包括携带floR的IncQ质粒和携带qnrD的非接合质粒。奇异变形杆菌CY32携带15个耐药基因,呈现多重耐药的特性。【结论】奇异变形杆菌经基因岛和质粒获得多重耐药,使治疗奇异变形杆菌感染变得更加困难,应加强对动物源奇异变形杆菌耐药性监测。
文摘采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应方法分析在1 5~4 2℃温度范围内副溶血性弧菌(Vi b r i o parahaemolyticus)CHN25整合接合元件(integrative and conjugative elements,ICEs)ICEVpa Chn1核心基因表达对温度变化的响应。结果表明:温度介导ICEVpa Chn1元件保守模块核心基因表达发生显著变化,其中,编码进入排斥蛋白Eex(entry exclusion)的基因对温度变化最为敏感,低于或高于37℃的温度条件均强烈抑制eex基因表达(〉10倍)。此外,在15~37℃范围内,温度的升高显著激活编码整合酶Int(integrase)、接合转移蛋白Tra I(transfer protein I)和Tra G、DNA修复蛋白Rum A基因的表达,且在37℃达到最大值;与其他检测基因明显不同,温度升高抑制转录抑制子Set R基因的表达,促进int等基因转录激活子Set C和Set D的积累,进而刺激切离,促进ICEVpa Chn1元件的接合转移。实验结果揭示了环境温度对ICEs元件核心基因表达的影响,发现低温(〈15℃)和高温(〉37℃)条件均可能阻遏ICEVpa Chn1元件及其携带基因信息在不同种属细菌间的接合转移。