Greenhouse gas emissions,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through ammonia volatilization,leaching and surface drainage from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage were analyzed based on field experimental d...Greenhouse gas emissions,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through ammonia volatilization,leaching and surface drainage from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage were analyzed based on field experimental data in order to reveal the eco-environmental impacts of efficient irrigation and drainage on rice paddy.The results showed that total methane emission from rice paddy under the controlled irrigation was reduced by more than 80% and total nitrous oxide emission increased by 15.9% compared with flooding irrigation.Seasonal comprehensive global warming potentials(GWP) of methane and nitrous oxide were 62.23 gCO2 m-2 for rice paddy under the controlled irrigation,reduced by 68.0% compared with flooding irrigation.Due to large reduction in seepage and surface drainages,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through leaching were reduced by 40.1% and 54.8%,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through surface drainage were reduced by 53.9% and 51.6% from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage compared with traditional irrigation and drainage.Nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization was reduced by 14.0%.Efficient irrigation and drainage management is helpful to mitigate greenhouse gases emission,nitrogen and phosphorus losses and their pollution on groundwater and surface water.展开更多
据试验地区的气象、水文条件及水稻的受淹敏感特性，水稻分蘖期选择淹水深度和淹水历时为试验因素。淹水深度为占株高的2／4、4／4，淹水历时为3、6、9d。结果表明，水稻分蘖期淹水促进水稻分蘖，使得分蘖盛期提前。没顶淹水9 d水稻株...据试验地区的气象、水文条件及水稻的受淹敏感特性，水稻分蘖期选择淹水深度和淹水历时为试验因素。淹水深度为占株高的2／4、4／4，淹水历时为3、6、9d。结果表明，水稻分蘖期淹水促进水稻分蘖，使得分蘖盛期提前。没顶淹水9 d水稻株高增长加快，出水后株高高于对照组15 cm左右。深度占株高的2／4的各个淹水历时的处理对产量影响不大，部分处理有增产的表现。以淹水历时6 d减产10％为限，水稻在分蘖期的蓄雨深度上限为25～30 cm ，高于水稻常规灌溉的蓄水上限15 cm ；以此为据，利用安徽沿淮约200万hm2水稻收集暴雨资源，不仅缓解了下游地区的防洪压力，而且缓解过度排水带来的环境压力和减少抽排对能源的消耗。此外，试验取得水稻耐淹深度和耐淹历时等数据，对利用水稻田蓄滞暴雨参数的确定与排水系统运行管理有参考价值。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 50839002 and 50809022)the National Key Tech-nologies R & D Program of China during the 11th Fiveyear Plan Period (Grant No 2006BAD11B09)
文摘Greenhouse gas emissions,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through ammonia volatilization,leaching and surface drainage from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage were analyzed based on field experimental data in order to reveal the eco-environmental impacts of efficient irrigation and drainage on rice paddy.The results showed that total methane emission from rice paddy under the controlled irrigation was reduced by more than 80% and total nitrous oxide emission increased by 15.9% compared with flooding irrigation.Seasonal comprehensive global warming potentials(GWP) of methane and nitrous oxide were 62.23 gCO2 m-2 for rice paddy under the controlled irrigation,reduced by 68.0% compared with flooding irrigation.Due to large reduction in seepage and surface drainages,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through leaching were reduced by 40.1% and 54.8%,nitrogen and phosphorous losses through surface drainage were reduced by 53.9% and 51.6% from rice paddy under efficient irrigation and drainage compared with traditional irrigation and drainage.Nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization was reduced by 14.0%.Efficient irrigation and drainage management is helpful to mitigate greenhouse gases emission,nitrogen and phosphorus losses and their pollution on groundwater and surface water.
文摘据试验地区的气象、水文条件及水稻的受淹敏感特性，水稻分蘖期选择淹水深度和淹水历时为试验因素。淹水深度为占株高的2／4、4／4，淹水历时为3、6、9d。结果表明，水稻分蘖期淹水促进水稻分蘖，使得分蘖盛期提前。没顶淹水9 d水稻株高增长加快，出水后株高高于对照组15 cm左右。深度占株高的2／4的各个淹水历时的处理对产量影响不大，部分处理有增产的表现。以淹水历时6 d减产10％为限，水稻在分蘖期的蓄雨深度上限为25～30 cm ，高于水稻常规灌溉的蓄水上限15 cm ；以此为据，利用安徽沿淮约200万hm2水稻收集暴雨资源，不仅缓解了下游地区的防洪压力，而且缓解过度排水带来的环境压力和减少抽排对能源的消耗。此外，试验取得水稻耐淹深度和耐淹历时等数据，对利用水稻田蓄滞暴雨参数的确定与排水系统运行管理有参考价值。
