为了解决水平井钻进过程中摩阻大、托压的问题，提高水平井钻井效率，研制了水力振荡器。依据机械振动理论，井下钻具在一定频率轴向振动时，可以将钻具与井壁之间的静摩擦转变为动摩擦，且动摩擦力小于静摩擦力；水力振荡器是以钻井液...为了解决水平井钻进过程中摩阻大、托压的问题，提高水平井钻井效率，研制了水力振荡器。依据机械振动理论，井下钻具在一定频率轴向振动时，可以将钻具与井壁之间的静摩擦转变为动摩擦，且动摩擦力小于静摩擦力；水力振荡器是以钻井液作为动力源，驱动振荡器轴向运动带动井下钻柱沿轴向振动。在卫186平142井进行了水力振荡器现场试验，进尺501.00 m ，累计工作时间96 h ，托压减小20～40 kN ，滑动钻进36.77 m ，机械钻速提高54.9％，复合钻进464.23 m ，机械钻速提高23％。现场试验结果表明，应用水力振荡器钻进时能够降低水平井摩阻，减小托压，提高机械钻速。展开更多
Schrodinger＇s thought experiment to prepare a cat in a superposition of both alive and dead states reveals profound consequences of quantum mechanics and has attracted enormous interests. Here we propose a straight- ...Schrodinger＇s thought experiment to prepare a cat in a superposition of both alive and dead states reveals profound consequences of quantum mechanics and has attracted enormous interests. Here we propose a straight- forward method to create quantum superposition states of a living microorganism by putting a small cryopreserved bacterium on top of an electromechanical oscillator. Our proposal is based on recent developments that the center- of-mass oscillation of a 15-pro-diameter aluminum mem- brane has been cooled to its quantum ground state （Teufel et al. in Nature 475：359, 2011）, and entangled with a microwave field （Palomaki et al. in Science 342：710, 2013）. A microorganism with a mass much smaller than the mass of the electromechanical membrane will not signifi- cantly affect the quality factor of the membrane and can be cooled to the quantum ground state together with themembrane. Quantum superposition and teleportation of its center-of-mass motion state can be realized with the help of superconducting microwave circuits. More importantly, the internal states of a microorganism, such as the electron spin of a glycine radical, can be entangled with its center-of- mass motion and teleported to a remote microorganism. Our proposal can be realized with state-of-the-art tech- nologies. The proposed setup is a quantum-limited mag- netic resonance force microscope. Since internal states of an organism contain information, our proposal also pro- vides a scheme for teleporting information or memories between two remote organisms.展开更多
A new type of liquid membrane oscillator in which non-ionic surfactant is the key component was designed in a U type tube and monitored by a pair of Pt electrodes. The fundamental composition is 1. 0% emulsifier OP (a...A new type of liquid membrane oscillator in which non-ionic surfactant is the key component was designed in a U type tube and monitored by a pair of Pt electrodes. The fundamental composition is 1. 0% emulsifier OP (aq) / n-butanol: nitrobenzene = 1: 5 (V/ V) /0. 5mol. dm-3NaCl(aq). The molecular formula of emulsifier OP is C8H17 O(CH2CH2O) 10H. The mechanism and influence factors were studied by replacing component, changing concentration, adding additive, comparison between different experimental apparatus and auxiliary experiment. The oscillatory mechanism is repetitive formation and abrupt destruction of interface membrane of the surfactant, induced by hydrogen bond between n-butanol and emulsifier OP.展开更多
文摘为了解决水平井钻进过程中摩阻大、托压的问题，提高水平井钻井效率，研制了水力振荡器。依据机械振动理论，井下钻具在一定频率轴向振动时，可以将钻具与井壁之间的静摩擦转变为动摩擦，且动摩擦力小于静摩擦力；水力振荡器是以钻井液作为动力源，驱动振荡器轴向运动带动井下钻柱沿轴向振动。在卫186平142井进行了水力振荡器现场试验，进尺501.00 m ，累计工作时间96 h ，托压减小20～40 kN ，滑动钻进36.77 m ，机械钻速提高54.9％，复合钻进464.23 m ，机械钻速提高23％。现场试验结果表明，应用水力振荡器钻进时能够降低水平井摩阻，减小托压，提高机械钻速。
基金the support from Purdue University and helpful discussions with G.Csathy,F.Robicheaux, C.Greene,and V.ShalaevZQY is funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CBA00300 and 2011CBA00302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11105136, 11474177 and 61435007)
文摘Schrodinger＇s thought experiment to prepare a cat in a superposition of both alive and dead states reveals profound consequences of quantum mechanics and has attracted enormous interests. Here we propose a straight- forward method to create quantum superposition states of a living microorganism by putting a small cryopreserved bacterium on top of an electromechanical oscillator. Our proposal is based on recent developments that the center- of-mass oscillation of a 15-pro-diameter aluminum mem- brane has been cooled to its quantum ground state （Teufel et al. in Nature 475：359, 2011）, and entangled with a microwave field （Palomaki et al. in Science 342：710, 2013）. A microorganism with a mass much smaller than the mass of the electromechanical membrane will not signifi- cantly affect the quality factor of the membrane and can be cooled to the quantum ground state together with themembrane. Quantum superposition and teleportation of its center-of-mass motion state can be realized with the help of superconducting microwave circuits. More importantly, the internal states of a microorganism, such as the electron spin of a glycine radical, can be entangled with its center-of- mass motion and teleported to a remote microorganism. Our proposal can be realized with state-of-the-art tech- nologies. The proposed setup is a quantum-limited mag- netic resonance force microscope. Since internal states of an organism contain information, our proposal also pro- vides a scheme for teleporting information or memories between two remote organisms.
文摘A new type of liquid membrane oscillator in which non-ionic surfactant is the key component was designed in a U type tube and monitored by a pair of Pt electrodes. The fundamental composition is 1. 0% emulsifier OP (aq) / n-butanol: nitrobenzene = 1: 5 (V/ V) /0. 5mol. dm-3NaCl(aq). The molecular formula of emulsifier OP is C8H17 O(CH2CH2O) 10H. The mechanism and influence factors were studied by replacing component, changing concentration, adding additive, comparison between different experimental apparatus and auxiliary experiment. The oscillatory mechanism is repetitive formation and abrupt destruction of interface membrane of the surfactant, induced by hydrogen bond between n-butanol and emulsifier OP.
