Objective In 2006, Chinese critical care experts drafted management guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of acute lung injury (ALI) /acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), that would be of practical use for the c...Objective In 2006, Chinese critical care experts drafted management guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of acute lung injury (ALI) /acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), that would be of practical use for the clinician, and this effort may serve to increase nationwide awareness and to improve the treatment result of ALI/ARDS. Methods The process included a modified Delphi method, a consensus conference, several subsequent smaller meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. The modified Delphi methodology used for grading recommendations was derived from a 2001 publication sponsored by the International Sepsis Forum. A systematic review of the literature was undertook, and the reported results were graded into five levels to create recommendation grading from A to E, with a being the highest grade. Results It is essential to control the primary disease in ALI/ARDS. Role of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in ALI/ARDS is undefined. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation can not be considered in patients with coma, shock and damage of airway clearance. Limitation of end-inspiratory plateau pressure is important in the management of ARDS and may be facilitated by permissive hypercapnia. Recruitment maneuver should be considered to open collapsed lung and improve oxygenation. A minimum amount of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) should be set to prevent atelectasis at end expiration in ARDS. If it is possible, setting the level of PEEP may be guided by measurement of static pulmonary pressure-volume curve . Unless contraindicated, patients with ARDS should be maintained semi-recumbent. Prone positioning should be considered in the patients with severest ARDS. Sedation protocols should be used. Paralysis is not recommended . The limited fluid management strategy is beneficial for ARDS. Corticosteroid is not recommended for ARDS. The role of other drugs is uncertain in ARDS. Conclusion Evidence-based 展开更多
2000年欧洲心脏病学会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)推出第1版急性肺血栓栓塞症(急性肺栓塞)诊断和治疗指南,对于推广和规范急性肺栓塞的诊断和治疗起到了重要作用。2008年ESC对第1版指南进行了一些更新,更新了危险分层、诊断...2000年欧洲心脏病学会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)推出第1版急性肺血栓栓塞症(急性肺栓塞)诊断和治疗指南,对于推广和规范急性肺栓塞的诊断和治疗起到了重要作用。2008年ESC对第1版指南进行了一些更新,更新了危险分层、诊断策略及流程、溶栓和抗凝治疗等重要内容。近年来随着急性肺栓塞研究的进一步深入以及一些多中心临床试验的完成,为急性肺栓塞的诊断和治疗提供了更多的循证医学证据。为此,2014年ESC年会上发布了第3版急性肺栓塞诊断和治疗指南。新版指南与前两版相比,进一步强化了危险分层的概念;首次推荐了新型口服抗凝药物的使用;同时明确地提出了慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)的诊断流程和治疗策略。该版指南较前两版更为实用,操作性更强,认真解读和推广该版指南必将有助于提高我国肺栓塞的防治水平,改善患者的预后。展开更多
文摘Objective In 2006, Chinese critical care experts drafted management guidelines for diagnosis and therapy of acute lung injury (ALI) /acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), that would be of practical use for the clinician, and this effort may serve to increase nationwide awareness and to improve the treatment result of ALI/ARDS. Methods The process included a modified Delphi method, a consensus conference, several subsequent smaller meetings of subgroups and key individuals, teleconferences, and electronic based discussion among subgroups and among the entire committee. The modified Delphi methodology used for grading recommendations was derived from a 2001 publication sponsored by the International Sepsis Forum. A systematic review of the literature was undertook, and the reported results were graded into five levels to create recommendation grading from A to E, with a being the highest grade. Results It is essential to control the primary disease in ALI/ARDS. Role of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in ALI/ARDS is undefined. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation can not be considered in patients with coma, shock and damage of airway clearance. Limitation of end-inspiratory plateau pressure is important in the management of ARDS and may be facilitated by permissive hypercapnia. Recruitment maneuver should be considered to open collapsed lung and improve oxygenation. A minimum amount of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) should be set to prevent atelectasis at end expiration in ARDS. If it is possible, setting the level of PEEP may be guided by measurement of static pulmonary pressure-volume curve . Unless contraindicated, patients with ARDS should be maintained semi-recumbent. Prone positioning should be considered in the patients with severest ARDS. Sedation protocols should be used. Paralysis is not recommended . The limited fluid management strategy is beneficial for ARDS. Corticosteroid is not recommended for ARDS. The role of other drugs is uncertain in ARDS. Conclusion Evidence-based
文摘2000年欧洲心脏病学会(European Society of Cardiology,ESC)推出第1版急性肺血栓栓塞症(急性肺栓塞)诊断和治疗指南,对于推广和规范急性肺栓塞的诊断和治疗起到了重要作用。2008年ESC对第1版指南进行了一些更新,更新了危险分层、诊断策略及流程、溶栓和抗凝治疗等重要内容。近年来随着急性肺栓塞研究的进一步深入以及一些多中心临床试验的完成,为急性肺栓塞的诊断和治疗提供了更多的循证医学证据。为此,2014年ESC年会上发布了第3版急性肺栓塞诊断和治疗指南。新版指南与前两版相比,进一步强化了危险分层的概念;首次推荐了新型口服抗凝药物的使用;同时明确地提出了慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)的诊断流程和治疗策略。该版指南较前两版更为实用,操作性更强,认真解读和推广该版指南必将有助于提高我国肺栓塞的防治水平,改善患者的预后。
