Under the background of Zhangzai’s theory of efforts, this article points out Zhang’s position that "heat controls temperament" is a premature product which Zhang did his research of the primary pattern of...Under the background of Zhangzai’s theory of efforts, this article points out Zhang’s position that "heat controls temperament" is a premature product which Zhang did his research of the primary pattern of efforts during his earlier stage, because this limitation of Zhang’s position is that it signals a misunderstanding with the unclear idea, resulting at the abandonment of this position in the process of his idea formation. After Zhang’s idea being mature, He gradually elaborated and replaced his position that "heart controls temperament" with the theory of effort of "changing temperament" and "learning rites to be inner temperament" set forth in his later years. By comparison, we find that the latter is the pattern of effort with more rationality and maturity than the former. Based on the elaboration of the two parts about the elementary connotation and the historical orientation of Zhang’s theory that "heart controls temperament", this paper presents the author’s view with a more detail analysis mentioned above.展开更多
The Chan thoughts system constitutes theory of mind?nature,theory of illusion and disillusion,theory of enlightenment,theory of freedom realm.Chan poetic discursive system is a poeticizing expression of it,including i...The Chan thoughts system constitutes theory of mind?nature,theory of illusion and disillusion,theory of enlightenment,theory of freedom realm.Chan poetic discursive system is a poeticizing expression of it,including image groups such as“primary face”representing mind?nature theory,image groups such as“to seek one’s image shadow while missing one’s head”or“to escape regardless of one’s own father”symbolizing one’s spiritual bafflement,image groups such as“polishing one’s mind mirror”metaphorizing a gradual approach to enlightenment and many images characterized as beyond thisness and otherness,praise and blame,life and death,intermittence and permanence,rupa(matter) and sunya(emptiness),sacred and secularity metaphorizing an instant approach to enlightenment,image groups such as“everything presenting itself perfectly”,“moon and water reflecting each other limpidly”,“to follow destiny and let things take their own course”,“accommodating and containing each other”figuring the freedom realm.A penetrating demonstration and interpretation of Chan poetic discourses will lead a break?through progress in study of the philosophy,language and poem of Chan Buddhism.展开更多
Ye Shi developed a new spectrum of Confucianism and became a significant representative of empirical tradition in Confucianism by challenging transcendentalism on decree and nature of Heaven held by Neo-Confucians in ...Ye Shi developed a new spectrum of Confucianism and became a significant representative of empirical tradition in Confucianism by challenging transcendentalism on decree and nature of Heaven held by Neo-Confucians in the Song Dynasty with his empirical theory of moral nature.He stressed that empirical knowledge derived from hearing and seeing had a decisive effect on the accumulation and cultivation of virtues.He had a strong sense of history,arguing that Confucius was a historical model of practising virtues rather than an embodiment of the decree and nature of Heaven.He explained virtues with utilitarian `rationality’by combining virtues with merits,and regarded utility as the basis of morality.Although there were some features of morality or justice in his theory,he was not a utilitarian in a strict sense.展开更多
文摘Under the background of Zhangzai’s theory of efforts, this article points out Zhang’s position that "heat controls temperament" is a premature product which Zhang did his research of the primary pattern of efforts during his earlier stage, because this limitation of Zhang’s position is that it signals a misunderstanding with the unclear idea, resulting at the abandonment of this position in the process of his idea formation. After Zhang’s idea being mature, He gradually elaborated and replaced his position that "heart controls temperament" with the theory of effort of "changing temperament" and "learning rites to be inner temperament" set forth in his later years. By comparison, we find that the latter is the pattern of effort with more rationality and maturity than the former. Based on the elaboration of the two parts about the elementary connotation and the historical orientation of Zhang’s theory that "heart controls temperament", this paper presents the author’s view with a more detail analysis mentioned above.
文摘The Chan thoughts system constitutes theory of mind?nature,theory of illusion and disillusion,theory of enlightenment,theory of freedom realm.Chan poetic discursive system is a poeticizing expression of it,including image groups such as“primary face”representing mind?nature theory,image groups such as“to seek one’s image shadow while missing one’s head”or“to escape regardless of one’s own father”symbolizing one’s spiritual bafflement,image groups such as“polishing one’s mind mirror”metaphorizing a gradual approach to enlightenment and many images characterized as beyond thisness and otherness,praise and blame,life and death,intermittence and permanence,rupa(matter) and sunya(emptiness),sacred and secularity metaphorizing an instant approach to enlightenment,image groups such as“everything presenting itself perfectly”,“moon and water reflecting each other limpidly”,“to follow destiny and let things take their own course”,“accommodating and containing each other”figuring the freedom realm.A penetrating demonstration and interpretation of Chan poetic discourses will lead a break?through progress in study of the philosophy,language and poem of Chan Buddhism.
文摘Ye Shi developed a new spectrum of Confucianism and became a significant representative of empirical tradition in Confucianism by challenging transcendentalism on decree and nature of Heaven held by Neo-Confucians in the Song Dynasty with his empirical theory of moral nature.He stressed that empirical knowledge derived from hearing and seeing had a decisive effect on the accumulation and cultivation of virtues.He had a strong sense of history,arguing that Confucius was a historical model of practising virtues rather than an embodiment of the decree and nature of Heaven.He explained virtues with utilitarian `rationality’by combining virtues with merits,and regarded utility as the basis of morality.Although there were some features of morality or justice in his theory,he was not a utilitarian in a strict sense.
