As China's energy intensity fluctuated in recent years, it is necessary to examine whether this fluctuation happened at a regional level. This paper establishes a decomposition model by using the structural decomp...As China's energy intensity fluctuated in recent years, it is necessary to examine whether this fluctuation happened at a regional level. This paper establishes a decomposition model by using the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) method at a regional level. Then this model is employed to empirically analyze the changes of Beijing's energy intensity. The conclusions are as follows: during 2002-2010, except petroleum, the energy intensity decreased and the changes were mostly attributed to the technology changes, while the final use variation actually increased the energy intensity; comparing different periods of 2002-2010, the decline rates of energy intensity for coal and hydropower were decreasing, resulting from the production technology being more energy-intensive than before; the energy intensity changes of petroleum firstly increased substantially and then decreased moderately.展开更多
This paper studies the formation and evolution of phase structure of isotactic polypropylene/poly（cis-1,4-butadiene） （iPP/PCBR） blends during molten and mixing in a visual mixer by on-line analysis of the small an...This paper studies the formation and evolution of phase structure of isotactic polypropylene/poly（cis-1,4-butadiene） （iPP/PCBR） blends during molten and mixing in a visual mixer by on-line analysis of the small angle light back scattering. The density fluctuation of iPP/PcBR blends during molten and mixing is discussed using the integral-intensity Js, of the scattering intensity of the blends. The ＂invariant＂ Q, which shows fluctuation of the system, is calculated by data of the small angle light back scattering, and the variation of Q with the blending time, temperature and shear rate during molten and mixing in iPP/PcBR blends is discussed. The structure parameters which characterize dimensions of phase in the blends, as the correlation distance ac, and the average chord lengths of two-phase, as lipp and lPcBR, are calculated by data of scattering intensity. The average diameters dp of dispersed phases are calculated from SEM images. The variation of ac, dp, lipp and lPcBR with the blending time and compositions in the blends during molten and mixing is discussed. The scale law is analyzed to find multi-scale char- acteristics in this system. The generalized fractal dimension Dp is calculated and the relation of Dp with generalized entropy function is discussed to determine that Dp is state function and the physical significance of Dp is the same as that of the generalized entropy function. polymer blends, on-line analysis, fractal, polypropylene展开更多
Defining the quantity K as the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and the normalized intensity fluctuation C（O） of a single-mode laser for bias signal modulation driven by color noises with colored correlation, the whole...Defining the quantity K as the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and the normalized intensity fluctuation C（O） of a single-mode laser for bias signal modulation driven by color noises with colored correlation, the whole output properties of the laser system is described by K. It is found that there is a maximum in the curves of K versus D, Q, and io. The optimization parameters are gained.展开更多
基金Supported by Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA05150600)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71273027 and No. 70903066)Beijing Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science (No. 11JGC105)
文摘As China's energy intensity fluctuated in recent years, it is necessary to examine whether this fluctuation happened at a regional level. This paper establishes a decomposition model by using the structural decomposition analysis (SDA) method at a regional level. Then this model is employed to empirically analyze the changes of Beijing's energy intensity. The conclusions are as follows: during 2002-2010, except petroleum, the energy intensity decreased and the changes were mostly attributed to the technology changes, while the final use variation actually increased the energy intensity; comparing different periods of 2002-2010, the decline rates of energy intensity for coal and hydropower were decreasing, resulting from the production technology being more energy-intensive than before; the energy intensity changes of petroleum firstly increased substantially and then decreased moderately.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51033004)
文摘This paper studies the formation and evolution of phase structure of isotactic polypropylene/poly（cis-1,4-butadiene） （iPP/PCBR） blends during molten and mixing in a visual mixer by on-line analysis of the small angle light back scattering. The density fluctuation of iPP/PcBR blends during molten and mixing is discussed using the integral-intensity Js, of the scattering intensity of the blends. The ＂invariant＂ Q, which shows fluctuation of the system, is calculated by data of the small angle light back scattering, and the variation of Q with the blending time, temperature and shear rate during molten and mixing in iPP/PcBR blends is discussed. The structure parameters which characterize dimensions of phase in the blends, as the correlation distance ac, and the average chord lengths of two-phase, as lipp and lPcBR, are calculated by data of scattering intensity. The average diameters dp of dispersed phases are calculated from SEM images. The variation of ac, dp, lipp and lPcBR with the blending time and compositions in the blends during molten and mixing is discussed. The scale law is analyzed to find multi-scale char- acteristics in this system. The generalized fractal dimension Dp is calculated and the relation of Dp with generalized entropy function is discussed to determine that Dp is state function and the physical significance of Dp is the same as that of the generalized entropy function. polymer blends, on-line analysis, fractal, polypropylene
基金Key Project of Education Bureau of Hubei Province of China
文摘Defining the quantity K as the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and the normalized intensity fluctuation C（O） of a single-mode laser for bias signal modulation driven by color noises with colored correlation, the whole output properties of the laser system is described by K. It is found that there is a maximum in the curves of K versus D, Q, and io. The optimization parameters are gained.
