肺泡弥散是指肺泡内的气体分子（主要包括O2和CO2）通过肺泡壁-毛细血管膜进行气体交换的过程,通常以弥散量（DL）作为衡量的指标。它是指肺泡膜两边分压差为1.0 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa）时每分钟内所能通过的气体容积,通常以mL为...肺泡弥散是指肺泡内的气体分子（主要包括O2和CO2）通过肺泡壁-毛细血管膜进行气体交换的过程,通常以弥散量（DL）作为衡量的指标。它是指肺泡膜两边分压差为1.0 mm Hg（1 mm Hg=0.133 k Pa）时每分钟内所能通过的气体容积,通常以mL为单位。展开更多
Motor neuron damage and cortical spinal tract (CST) degeneration are pathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We combined whole- brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and three- dimensional magneti...Motor neuron damage and cortical spinal tract (CST) degeneration are pathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We combined whole- brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and three- dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to study the CST at different locations. Eight ALS patients were compared with normal controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), and the ratio of N- acetyl- aspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) were measured at various locations in the CST, including the subcortical white matter (SWM), centrum semiovale (CS), periventricular white matter (PV), posterior limb of the internal capsule (PIC) and cerebral peduncle (CP). Patients showed significantly lower FA than controls in the CST, including the SWM, CS, PV and PIC. Although there was a trend towards elevated MD in ALS patients, this did not reach statistical significance. NAA/Cr ratios were also decreased in ALS patients compared with normal controls, with significant differences in the SWM and PV but not in PIC. Combined whole- brain DTI and MRSI can detect axonal degeneration in ALS. Measurements of FA obtained in the SWM, CS, PV and PIC, and NAA/Cr ratios in the SWM and PV yield the most robust results.展开更多
目的探讨肺力咳合剂联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床效果。方法选取2018年10月—2020年9月天津医科大学宝坻临床学院收治的102例AECOPD患者,随机分为对照组(51例)和治疗组(51例)。对照组吸入布地奈...目的探讨肺力咳合剂联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床效果。方法选取2018年10月—2020年9月天津医科大学宝坻临床学院收治的102例AECOPD患者,随机分为对照组(51例)和治疗组(51例)。对照组吸入布地奈德福莫特罗吸入剂,2吸/次,2次/d。治疗组口服肺力咳合剂,20 m L/次,3次/d。两组连续治疗2周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者肺部哮鸣音、呼吸症状缓解时间,肺功能参数第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、深吸气量与肺总量比值(IC/TLC)、一氧化碳弥散量与肺泡通气量比值(DLCO/VA)和FEV1占预计值%,咳痰的评估问卷(CASA-Q)总分,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)浓度及血清白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)和肺表面活性蛋白D(SP-D)水平。结果治疗后,治疗组临床有效率为96.1%,显著高于对照组的84.3%(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组肺部哮鸣音和呼吸症状缓解时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组肺功能参数FEV1/FVC、IC/TLC、DLCO/VA、FEV1占预计值%和CASA-Q总分均显著升高(P<0.05),并均以治疗组改善更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者NLR和FeNO浓度及血清IL-17、SAA、SP-D水平均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且治疗组对NLR和FeNO浓度及血清IL-17、SAA、SP-D水平的降低作用较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。结论肺力咳合剂联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗AECOPD的整体疗效确切,可安全、有效且迅速地缓解患者症状,改善气流受限,抑制体内炎症反应。展开更多
文摘Motor neuron damage and cortical spinal tract (CST) degeneration are pathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We combined whole- brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and three- dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to study the CST at different locations. Eight ALS patients were compared with normal controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), and the ratio of N- acetyl- aspartate (NAA) to creatine (Cr) were measured at various locations in the CST, including the subcortical white matter (SWM), centrum semiovale (CS), periventricular white matter (PV), posterior limb of the internal capsule (PIC) and cerebral peduncle (CP). Patients showed significantly lower FA than controls in the CST, including the SWM, CS, PV and PIC. Although there was a trend towards elevated MD in ALS patients, this did not reach statistical significance. NAA/Cr ratios were also decreased in ALS patients compared with normal controls, with significant differences in the SWM and PV but not in PIC. Combined whole- brain DTI and MRSI can detect axonal degeneration in ALS. Measurements of FA obtained in the SWM, CS, PV and PIC, and NAA/Cr ratios in the SWM and PV yield the most robust results.
文摘目的探讨肺力咳合剂联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的临床效果。方法选取2018年10月—2020年9月天津医科大学宝坻临床学院收治的102例AECOPD患者,随机分为对照组(51例)和治疗组(51例)。对照组吸入布地奈德福莫特罗吸入剂,2吸/次,2次/d。治疗组口服肺力咳合剂,20 m L/次,3次/d。两组连续治疗2周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者肺部哮鸣音、呼吸症状缓解时间,肺功能参数第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)、深吸气量与肺总量比值(IC/TLC)、一氧化碳弥散量与肺泡通气量比值(DLCO/VA)和FEV1占预计值%,咳痰的评估问卷(CASA-Q)总分,中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)和呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)浓度及血清白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)和肺表面活性蛋白D(SP-D)水平。结果治疗后,治疗组临床有效率为96.1%,显著高于对照组的84.3%(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组肺部哮鸣音和呼吸症状缓解时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组肺功能参数FEV1/FVC、IC/TLC、DLCO/VA、FEV1占预计值%和CASA-Q总分均显著升高(P<0.05),并均以治疗组改善更显著(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者NLR和FeNO浓度及血清IL-17、SAA、SP-D水平均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),且治疗组对NLR和FeNO浓度及血清IL-17、SAA、SP-D水平的降低作用较对照组更显著(P<0.05)。结论肺力咳合剂联合布地奈德福莫特罗治疗AECOPD的整体疗效确切,可安全、有效且迅速地缓解患者症状,改善气流受限,抑制体内炎症反应。
