译者点评：GP-B原始数据目前已经被NSSDC（national space science data center）存档,包括实验数据和卫星/载荷状态数据,同时存档的还有相关文档、图片、照片和其他一些关于GP-B的信息.目前,实验数据为2s平滑的数据,大小为80GB,有兴趣...译者点评：GP-B原始数据目前已经被NSSDC（national space science data center）存档,包括实验数据和卫星/载荷状态数据,同时存档的还有相关文档、图片、照片和其他一些关于GP-B的信息.目前,实验数据为2s平滑的数据,大小为80GB,有兴趣的科研人员可以申请得到这些数据.我国的科研工作者可以借此进一步研究处理大型数据的方法以及有效算法的开发．展开更多
In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Se...In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan,which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry.展开更多
This paper reviews some of the key enabling technologies for advanced and future laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors, which must combine test masses with the lowest possible optical and acoustic losses, ...This paper reviews some of the key enabling technologies for advanced and future laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors, which must combine test masses with the lowest possible optical and acoustic losses, with high stability lasers and various techniques for suppressing noise. Sect. 1 of this paper presents a review of the acoustic properties of test masses. Sect. 2 reviews the technology of the amorphous dielectric coatings which are currently universally used for the mirrors in advanced laser interferometers, but for which lower acoustic loss would be very advantageous. In sect. 3 a new generation of crystalline optical coatings that offer a substantial reduction in thermal noise is reviewed. The optical properties of test masses are reviewed in sect. 4, with special focus on the properties of silicon, an important candidate material for future detectors. Sect. 5 of this paper presents the very low noise, high stability laser technology that underpins all advanced and next generation laser interferometers.展开更多
引力波是爱因斯坦最重要的预言之一,是检验广义相对论正确性的重要工具.引力波理论及其探测一直以来都是理论物理学家和实验物理学家感兴趣的研究领域.事实上,随着科学技术的发展,人类已经具备了建造极度灵敏的地面探测器以及空间探测...引力波是爱因斯坦最重要的预言之一,是检验广义相对论正确性的重要工具.引力波理论及其探测一直以来都是理论物理学家和实验物理学家感兴趣的研究领域.事实上,随着科学技术的发展,人类已经具备了建造极度灵敏的地面探测器以及空间探测器的能力,直接探测引力波已经成为现实.2015年9月14日,LIGO首次直接探测到引力波,该信号源自一次双黑洞并合事件,自此人类进入引力波常规化探测阶段,终于拉开了引力波天文学时代的序幕.地面引力波探测器最主要的波源是处于旋近和并合阶段的致密双星.如果在探测到这些波源所辐射出的引力波信号的同时,又能观测到波源对应的电磁波信号,那么引力波信号和电磁波信号可以相互补充,形成新的观测模式.然而单个地面引力波探测器很难准确地探测引力波信号,也不能进行波源精确定位,将多个探测器联网组合,这样既能准确探测引力波信号,又能大幅提高引力波波源的定位精度.本文中,首先介绍探测器联网对引力波信号GW150914源的定位情况,然后介绍了两种最常用的估计定位精度的方法,即马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗(Markov Chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)的方法和解析的方法.最后,选用一种解析的方法讨论未来中国引力波探测器与日本及澳大利亚所组成的探测器网络的定位精度,并给出了中国的较优台址.最后,还讨论了中国加入世界引力波探测器网络行列对引力波波源定位的贡献.展开更多
文摘译者点评：GP-B原始数据目前已经被NSSDC（national space science data center）存档,包括实验数据和卫星/载荷状态数据,同时存档的还有相关文档、图片、照片和其他一些关于GP-B的信息.目前,实验数据为2s平滑的数据,大小为80GB,有兴趣的科研人员可以申请得到这些数据.我国的科研工作者可以借此进一步研究处理大型数据的方法以及有效算法的开发．
基金supported by the US National Science Foundation(Grant No.PHY-0757058)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11443008 and 11503003)+2 种基金a Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars Foundation grant,and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2015KJJCB06)supported by the National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDA04070400 and XDA04077700)Partial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11305255,11171329 and 41404019)
文摘In the centenary year of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein's first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan,which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry.
基金financial support during The Next Detectors for Gravitational Wave Astronomy workshop in Beijing in 2015
文摘This paper reviews some of the key enabling technologies for advanced and future laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors, which must combine test masses with the lowest possible optical and acoustic losses, with high stability lasers and various techniques for suppressing noise. Sect. 1 of this paper presents a review of the acoustic properties of test masses. Sect. 2 reviews the technology of the amorphous dielectric coatings which are currently universally used for the mirrors in advanced laser interferometers, but for which lower acoustic loss would be very advantageous. In sect. 3 a new generation of crystalline optical coatings that offer a substantial reduction in thermal noise is reviewed. The optical properties of test masses are reviewed in sect. 4, with special focus on the properties of silicon, an important candidate material for future detectors. Sect. 5 of this paper presents the very low noise, high stability laser technology that underpins all advanced and next generation laser interferometers.
文摘引力波是爱因斯坦最重要的预言之一,是检验广义相对论正确性的重要工具.引力波理论及其探测一直以来都是理论物理学家和实验物理学家感兴趣的研究领域.事实上,随着科学技术的发展,人类已经具备了建造极度灵敏的地面探测器以及空间探测器的能力,直接探测引力波已经成为现实.2015年9月14日,LIGO首次直接探测到引力波,该信号源自一次双黑洞并合事件,自此人类进入引力波常规化探测阶段,终于拉开了引力波天文学时代的序幕.地面引力波探测器最主要的波源是处于旋近和并合阶段的致密双星.如果在探测到这些波源所辐射出的引力波信号的同时,又能观测到波源对应的电磁波信号,那么引力波信号和电磁波信号可以相互补充,形成新的观测模式.然而单个地面引力波探测器很难准确地探测引力波信号,也不能进行波源精确定位,将多个探测器联网组合,这样既能准确探测引力波信号,又能大幅提高引力波波源的定位精度.本文中,首先介绍探测器联网对引力波信号GW150914源的定位情况,然后介绍了两种最常用的估计定位精度的方法,即马尔科夫链蒙特卡罗(Markov Chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)的方法和解析的方法.最后,选用一种解析的方法讨论未来中国引力波探测器与日本及澳大利亚所组成的探测器网络的定位精度,并给出了中国的较优台址.最后,还讨论了中国加入世界引力波探测器网络行列对引力波波源定位的贡献.
