Lidocaine is often administered intravenously(1.5mg/kg) to suppress airway reflexes associated with tracheal intubation or tracheal suction.Lidocaine given as an aerosol can provoke an initial bronchoconstriction.,but...Lidocaine is often administered intravenously(1.5mg/kg) to suppress airway reflexes associated with tracheal intubation or tracheal suction.Lidocaine given as an aerosol can provoke an initial bronchoconstriction.,but this bronchoconstriction can be prevented by pretreatment with intravenous lidocaine.Combined intravenous lidocaine and inhaled salbutamol protect against brohcbial hyperreactivity more effectively than lidocaine or salbutamol alone.Lidocaine markedly reduces reflex bronchoconstriction,but has little effect on the initiated by allergic mediators.Lidocaine may worsen histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by decreasing plasma concentrations of catecholamines,this may have therapeutic implications for patients with acute asthma or anaphylactic shock who may become dependent on circulating catecholamines.The effects of Lidocaine on attenuation of bronchial hyperreactivity and the effects of topical airway anesthesia are two independent mechanisms.展开更多
目的:研究盐酸吗啡对肠道平滑肌运动的影响及其作用机制。方法:制备家兔离体小肠,记录小肠平滑肌发展张力、静止张力、收缩频率,观察盐酸吗啡对肠肌运动的影响。并进一步测定不同浓度的盐酸吗啡灌胃前后小鼠小肠推进运动的变化。结果:5 ...目的:研究盐酸吗啡对肠道平滑肌运动的影响及其作用机制。方法:制备家兔离体小肠,记录小肠平滑肌发展张力、静止张力、收缩频率,观察盐酸吗啡对肠肌运动的影响。并进一步测定不同浓度的盐酸吗啡灌胃前后小鼠小肠推进运动的变化。结果:5 m g/L、10 m g/L、30 m g/L的盐酸吗啡作用于离体肠肌,对家兔小肠发展张力均有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。纳洛酮可削弱盐酸吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制作用,吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制作用从78.7%±13.4%至87.8%±11.2%(P<0.05)。阿托品可阻断盐酸吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制作用,吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制百分比从77.2%±12.1%至103.7%±12.8%(P<0.05)。而酚妥拉明则增强盐酸吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制作用,吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制百分比从79.2%±11.8%至69.8%±15.3%(P<0.05)。用不同浓度(75、150、300 m g/L)的盐酸吗啡灌胃后小鼠小肠推进均减慢,推进率分别为54.9%±15.5%、47.7%±14.3%、37.1%±5.8%,与生理盐水灌胃组比较有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸吗啡在离体与在体水平对肠肌运动均有抑制作用,其机制可能与阿片受体、胆碱能受体、肾上腺素能受体有关。展开更多
文摘Lidocaine is often administered intravenously(1.5mg/kg) to suppress airway reflexes associated with tracheal intubation or tracheal suction.Lidocaine given as an aerosol can provoke an initial bronchoconstriction.,but this bronchoconstriction can be prevented by pretreatment with intravenous lidocaine.Combined intravenous lidocaine and inhaled salbutamol protect against brohcbial hyperreactivity more effectively than lidocaine or salbutamol alone.Lidocaine markedly reduces reflex bronchoconstriction,but has little effect on the initiated by allergic mediators.Lidocaine may worsen histamine-induced bronchoconstriction by decreasing plasma concentrations of catecholamines,this may have therapeutic implications for patients with acute asthma or anaphylactic shock who may become dependent on circulating catecholamines.The effects of Lidocaine on attenuation of bronchial hyperreactivity and the effects of topical airway anesthesia are two independent mechanisms.
文摘目的:研究盐酸吗啡对肠道平滑肌运动的影响及其作用机制。方法:制备家兔离体小肠,记录小肠平滑肌发展张力、静止张力、收缩频率,观察盐酸吗啡对肠肌运动的影响。并进一步测定不同浓度的盐酸吗啡灌胃前后小鼠小肠推进运动的变化。结果:5 m g/L、10 m g/L、30 m g/L的盐酸吗啡作用于离体肠肌,对家兔小肠发展张力均有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05)。纳洛酮可削弱盐酸吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制作用,吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制作用从78.7%±13.4%至87.8%±11.2%(P<0.05)。阿托品可阻断盐酸吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制作用,吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制百分比从77.2%±12.1%至103.7%±12.8%(P<0.05)。而酚妥拉明则增强盐酸吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制作用,吗啡对肠肌发展张力的抑制百分比从79.2%±11.8%至69.8%±15.3%(P<0.05)。用不同浓度(75、150、300 m g/L)的盐酸吗啡灌胃后小鼠小肠推进均减慢,推进率分别为54.9%±15.5%、47.7%±14.3%、37.1%±5.8%,与生理盐水灌胃组比较有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:盐酸吗啡在离体与在体水平对肠肌运动均有抑制作用,其机制可能与阿片受体、胆碱能受体、肾上腺素能受体有关。
