Phytochrome has fascinated plant scientists since its discovery in 1959-1960 by the Beltsville research group of the United States Department of Agriculture. Studies in the first 20 years had evidenced that phytochrom...Phytochrome has fascinated plant scientists since its discovery in 1959-1960 by the Beltsville research group of the United States Department of Agriculture. Studies in the first 20 years had evidenced that phytochrome acts as an universal regulator in plant life adapting its behavior to the environmental light, and developed widely the physiological understanding of phytochrome action. In the following 20 years, some thirty world_wide major laboratories have published over two hundred papers a year on various aspects of the subject, and they are making steady progress. The authors’ work has also contributed to the following aspects: coaction of phytochrome and phytohormone in photomorphogenesis, phytochrome purification, phytochrome regulation of male fertility, as well as phytochrome A gene analysis and expression in photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice. In the recent decade significant advances have been made in studies on phytochrome molecules, genes and signal transduction in phytochrome response. This is largely due to the advances in molecular genetics, where experiments using mutants and transgenic plants, particularly in Arabidopsis, that have led to the significant insights at the molecular level. The topics in this review include:(1) Discovery of phytochrome; (2) Functions of phytochrome; (3) Phytochrome molecules; (4) Phytochrome regulation in gene expression.展开更多
AIM: The expressive balance between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) plays a critical role in maintaining the degradation and synthesis of extracellular matri...AIM: The expressive balance between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) plays a critical role in maintaining the degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix. Loss of such balance is associated with invasion and metastasis of tumors. This study aimed to determine the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in gastric carcinoma, and the association of the expressive imbalance between MMP9 and TIMP-1 with the invasion and metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry to determine the expressions of MMP-9, TTMP-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen Ki-67 in the gastric specimens taken from 256 patients with primary gastric carcinoma. The patients were followed-up for up to 96 months.RESULTS: No association between the expression of MMP9 and TIMP-1 and patients' sex and age, tumor size and location of gastric carcinoma was observed. The incidence of the positive expression of MMP-9 in cases with tumors invasion to muscularis propria and visceral peritoneum (70.13% and 69.09%, respectively) was significantly higher than that in cases with tumor invasion only to lamina propria or submucosa (42.50 %, P=0.0162). The positive correlation between MMP-9 expression and the depth of tumor invasion was observed (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.2129,P=0.016). Along with the increase of the metastatic station of lymph nodes, the incidence of the MMP-9 expression was increased by degrees; a positive correlation between them was observed (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.2910,P=0.0001). There was also a significant correlation between MMP-9 expression and the TNM stage in gastric carcinoma (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.3027, P＜0.0001). The incidence of MMP-9 expression in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ (75.00%and 76.15%, respectively) was significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ (46.15 %, P＜0.0001). A negative correlation between TIMP-1 immunoreactivity and the depth of invasion,status of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage was obse展开更多
文摘Phytochrome has fascinated plant scientists since its discovery in 1959-1960 by the Beltsville research group of the United States Department of Agriculture. Studies in the first 20 years had evidenced that phytochrome acts as an universal regulator in plant life adapting its behavior to the environmental light, and developed widely the physiological understanding of phytochrome action. In the following 20 years, some thirty world_wide major laboratories have published over two hundred papers a year on various aspects of the subject, and they are making steady progress. The authors’ work has also contributed to the following aspects: coaction of phytochrome and phytohormone in photomorphogenesis, phytochrome purification, phytochrome regulation of male fertility, as well as phytochrome A gene analysis and expression in photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice. In the recent decade significant advances have been made in studies on phytochrome molecules, genes and signal transduction in phytochrome response. This is largely due to the advances in molecular genetics, where experiments using mutants and transgenic plants, particularly in Arabidopsis, that have led to the significant insights at the molecular level. The topics in this review include:(1) Discovery of phytochrome; (2) Functions of phytochrome; (3) Phytochrome molecules; (4) Phytochrome regulation in gene expression.
基金Fujian Province Educational Bureau Science Foundation,No JA98103Fujian Province Health Bureau Science Foundation,No 96048
文摘AIM: The expressive balance between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) plays a critical role in maintaining the degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix. Loss of such balance is associated with invasion and metastasis of tumors. This study aimed to determine the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in gastric carcinoma, and the association of the expressive imbalance between MMP9 and TIMP-1 with the invasion and metastasis and prognosis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS: We used immunohistochemistry to determine the expressions of MMP-9, TTMP-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen Ki-67 in the gastric specimens taken from 256 patients with primary gastric carcinoma. The patients were followed-up for up to 96 months.RESULTS: No association between the expression of MMP9 and TIMP-1 and patients' sex and age, tumor size and location of gastric carcinoma was observed. The incidence of the positive expression of MMP-9 in cases with tumors invasion to muscularis propria and visceral peritoneum (70.13% and 69.09%, respectively) was significantly higher than that in cases with tumor invasion only to lamina propria or submucosa (42.50 %, P=0.0162). The positive correlation between MMP-9 expression and the depth of tumor invasion was observed (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.2129,P=0.016). Along with the increase of the metastatic station of lymph nodes, the incidence of the MMP-9 expression was increased by degrees; a positive correlation between them was observed (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.2910,P=0.0001). There was also a significant correlation between MMP-9 expression and the TNM stage in gastric carcinoma (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.3027, P＜0.0001). The incidence of MMP-9 expression in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ/Ⅳ (75.00%and 76.15%, respectively) was significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ (46.15 %, P＜0.0001). A negative correlation between TIMP-1 immunoreactivity and the depth of invasion,status of lymph node metastasis and TNM stage was obse
