脓毒症是目前医学界面临的重大难题与挑战,随着现代医学的快速发展进步,各个领域对脓毒症的研究探索越来越深入,尽管多年来国际.上对脓毒症采用积极的“拯救”措施,但是脓毒症的发病率和病死率仍然居高不下。根据目前国际指南对脓毒症...脓毒症是目前医学界面临的重大难题与挑战,随着现代医学的快速发展进步,各个领域对脓毒症的研究探索越来越深入,尽管多年来国际.上对脓毒症采用积极的“拯救”措施,但是脓毒症的发病率和病死率仍然居高不下。根据目前国际指南对脓毒症定义的更新,脓毒症被定义为感染引起的宿主反应失调,进而导致循环功能障碍及器官功能损害。感染是引发脓毒症的最初源头,而从感染发展到脓毒症是一个复杂的病理生理过程,其中包括病原体的侵入、细胞因子的释放、毛细血管渗漏、微循环功能障碍等,最终导致器官代谢紊乱和功能衰竭。在目前国际采用的脓毒症3.0的指南推荐中,以感染+SOFA评分≥2分为脓毒症诊断标准,而应对脓毒症则更多侧重在器官功能的“拯救”治疗上。经过近二十年的努力,"拯救脓毒症运动"并未得到令人满意的效果。急诊医学作为急重症的前沿学科,能够最早收治急性感染患者。如果能够在感染早期从人群特点、感染病原体和部位、病情严重程度等方面来预测脓毒症发生的可能性,通过细胞因子检测及时发现炎症风暴,利用有效的临床评分系统对患者进行评估,对脓毒症高危患者采取更为积极有效的治疗手段,防止和阻断感染向脓毒症发展的进程,将有可能大大降低急性感染患者的脓毒症发病率和病死率。基于此,中国急诊医学专家提出“预防与阻断”脓毒症的概念,并在全国范围内开展了"中国预防脓毒症行动(preventing sepsis campaign in China,PSCC)",提出在“脓毒症前期”及“围脓毒症期”开展针对性的诊断、检查和处理,实现早预防、早发现、早干预,降低脓毒症的发病率和病死率的“三早两降”,为急性重症感染患者的诊治提出一个新的思路。本共识由急诊医学领域的四个学(协)会以及五个相关杂志出版机构共同倡导、探讨、撰写,由展开更多
AIM: To study retrospectively the influence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in patients with early acute pancreatitis (AP) (during the first week after admission) on phys...AIM: To study retrospectively the influence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in patients with early acute pancreatitis (AP) (during the first week after admission) on physiological functions, and the association of the presence of IAH/ACS and outcome. METHODS: Patients (n = 74) with AP recruited in this study were divided into two groups according to intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) determined by indirect measurement using the transvesical route via Foley bladder catheter during the first week after admission. Patients (n = 44) with IAP ≥ 12 mmHg were assigned in IAH group, and the remaining patients (n = 30) with IAP < 12 mmHg in normal IAP group. For analysis of the influence of IAH/ACS on organ function and outcome, the physiological parameters and the occurrence of organ dysfunction during intensive care unit (ICU) stay were recorded, as were the incidences of pancreatic infection and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: IAH within the first week after admission was found in 44 patients (59.46%). Although the APACHE Ⅱ scores on admission and the Ranson scores within 48 h after hospitalization were elevated in IAH patients in early stage, they did not show the statistically significant differences from patients with normal IAP within a week after admission (16.18 ± 3.90 vs 15.70 ± 4.25, P = 0.616; 3.70 ± 0.93 vs 3.47 ± 0.94, P = 0.285, respectively). ACS in early AP was recorded in 20 patients (27.03%). During any 24-h period ofthe first week after admission, the recorded mean IAP correlated significantly with the Marshall score calculated at the same time interval in IAH group (r = 0.635, P < 0.001). Although ACS patients had obvious amelioration in physiological variables within 24 h after decompression, the incidences of pancreatitic infection, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death in the patients with ACS were significantly higher than that in other patients without ACS (pancreatitic infection: 60.0% vs 7.4%, P < 0.001; septic shoc展开更多
Objective: To observe the effects of Xuebijing Injection (血必净注射液) in patients with severe pneumonia, and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Eighty cases of severe pneumonia are randomly assigned to the Xuebijing...Objective: To observe the effects of Xuebijing Injection (血必净注射液) in patients with severe pneumonia, and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Eighty cases of severe pneumonia are randomly assigned to the Xuebijing treatment (forty cases) and the control group (forty cases), with the same routine therapy provided in both groups. Clinical effective rates, inflammatory factors and organ function were observed in both groups. Results: The effective rate was higher in Xuebijing group than that of the control group (80.0% vs. 67.5%, P<0.05). As compared with the control group, the LDH, α1-AG, α1-AT levels and the peak body temperature decreased markedly with the Xuebijing treatment going, and the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 was suppressed in Xuebijing group; but no significant difference was found in leptin level. Conclusion: Xuebijing Injection may show a protective effect in patients with severe pneumonia. The mechanism is possibly with the decreased secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8.展开更多
目的重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是ICU中常见的重症急症。文中分析经阶梯式引流模式治疗的SAP并发胰腺坏死组织感染(infected pancreatic necrosis,IPN)患者的病死原因及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年1...目的重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是ICU中常见的重症急症。文中分析经阶梯式引流模式治疗的SAP并发胰腺坏死组织感染(infected pancreatic necrosis,IPN)患者的病死原因及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月南京军区南京总医院普通外科重症胰腺炎治疗中心收治的243名IPN患者的临床资料。所有患者均采取阶梯式引流模式治疗IPN。根据患者临床结局分为病死组及存活组,比较2组患者的临床特点,并通过多因素回归分析探索IPN患者病死的危险因素。结果 2年内共纳入243名IPN患者,死亡32例,IPN整体病死率为13.17%。病死患者相比于存活患者,急性期器官功能障碍、急性肾功能损伤以及休克发生率明显增高,分别为(81.25%vs 50.23%)、(46.87%vs27.49%)、(90.62%vs 21.80%)。APACHEⅡ评分更高(13 vs 17),感染时间更早(52 d vs 23 d);感染期腹腔大出血、消化道瘘等并发症的发生率增高,开腹手术比例更高(59.37%vs 19.43%)。手术距发病时间更短[34(28,40)d vs 62(22,64)d]、ICU(11 d vs 54 d)及住院总天数更长(31 d vs 59 d),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析发现,病死危险因素包括急性期器官功能障碍、感染时间、感染期并发症、开腹手术、ICU天数及住院天数。结论急性期器官功能障碍、感染及感染期并发症仍是阶梯式引流模式中IPN患者的主要病死原因,临床治疗中应加以重视。展开更多
文摘脓毒症是目前医学界面临的重大难题与挑战,随着现代医学的快速发展进步,各个领域对脓毒症的研究探索越来越深入,尽管多年来国际.上对脓毒症采用积极的“拯救”措施,但是脓毒症的发病率和病死率仍然居高不下。根据目前国际指南对脓毒症定义的更新,脓毒症被定义为感染引起的宿主反应失调,进而导致循环功能障碍及器官功能损害。感染是引发脓毒症的最初源头,而从感染发展到脓毒症是一个复杂的病理生理过程,其中包括病原体的侵入、细胞因子的释放、毛细血管渗漏、微循环功能障碍等,最终导致器官代谢紊乱和功能衰竭。在目前国际采用的脓毒症3.0的指南推荐中,以感染+SOFA评分≥2分为脓毒症诊断标准,而应对脓毒症则更多侧重在器官功能的“拯救”治疗上。经过近二十年的努力,"拯救脓毒症运动"并未得到令人满意的效果。急诊医学作为急重症的前沿学科,能够最早收治急性感染患者。如果能够在感染早期从人群特点、感染病原体和部位、病情严重程度等方面来预测脓毒症发生的可能性,通过细胞因子检测及时发现炎症风暴,利用有效的临床评分系统对患者进行评估,对脓毒症高危患者采取更为积极有效的治疗手段,防止和阻断感染向脓毒症发展的进程,将有可能大大降低急性感染患者的脓毒症发病率和病死率。基于此,中国急诊医学专家提出“预防与阻断”脓毒症的概念,并在全国范围内开展了"中国预防脓毒症行动(preventing sepsis campaign in China,PSCC)",提出在“脓毒症前期”及“围脓毒症期”开展针对性的诊断、检查和处理,实现早预防、早发现、早干预,降低脓毒症的发病率和病死率的“三早两降”,为急性重症感染患者的诊治提出一个新的思路。本共识由急诊医学领域的四个学(协)会以及五个相关杂志出版机构共同倡导、探讨、撰写,由
文摘AIM: To study retrospectively the influence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) in patients with early acute pancreatitis (AP) (during the first week after admission) on physiological functions, and the association of the presence of IAH/ACS and outcome. METHODS: Patients (n = 74) with AP recruited in this study were divided into two groups according to intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) determined by indirect measurement using the transvesical route via Foley bladder catheter during the first week after admission. Patients (n = 44) with IAP ≥ 12 mmHg were assigned in IAH group, and the remaining patients (n = 30) with IAP < 12 mmHg in normal IAP group. For analysis of the influence of IAH/ACS on organ function and outcome, the physiological parameters and the occurrence of organ dysfunction during intensive care unit (ICU) stay were recorded, as were the incidences of pancreatic infection and in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: IAH within the first week after admission was found in 44 patients (59.46%). Although the APACHE Ⅱ scores on admission and the Ranson scores within 48 h after hospitalization were elevated in IAH patients in early stage, they did not show the statistically significant differences from patients with normal IAP within a week after admission (16.18 ± 3.90 vs 15.70 ± 4.25, P = 0.616; 3.70 ± 0.93 vs 3.47 ± 0.94, P = 0.285, respectively). ACS in early AP was recorded in 20 patients (27.03%). During any 24-h period ofthe first week after admission, the recorded mean IAP correlated significantly with the Marshall score calculated at the same time interval in IAH group (r = 0.635, P < 0.001). Although ACS patients had obvious amelioration in physiological variables within 24 h after decompression, the incidences of pancreatitic infection, septic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death in the patients with ACS were significantly higher than that in other patients without ACS (pancreatitic infection: 60.0% vs 7.4%, P < 0.001; septic shoc
文摘Objective: To observe the effects of Xuebijing Injection (血必净注射液) in patients with severe pneumonia, and to explore the mechanism. Methods: Eighty cases of severe pneumonia are randomly assigned to the Xuebijing treatment (forty cases) and the control group (forty cases), with the same routine therapy provided in both groups. Clinical effective rates, inflammatory factors and organ function were observed in both groups. Results: The effective rate was higher in Xuebijing group than that of the control group (80.0% vs. 67.5%, P<0.05). As compared with the control group, the LDH, α1-AG, α1-AT levels and the peak body temperature decreased markedly with the Xuebijing treatment going, and the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 was suppressed in Xuebijing group; but no significant difference was found in leptin level. Conclusion: Xuebijing Injection may show a protective effect in patients with severe pneumonia. The mechanism is possibly with the decreased secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8.
文摘目的重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)是ICU中常见的重症急症。文中分析经阶梯式引流模式治疗的SAP并发胰腺坏死组织感染(infected pancreatic necrosis,IPN)患者的病死原因及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2014年1月至2015年12月南京军区南京总医院普通外科重症胰腺炎治疗中心收治的243名IPN患者的临床资料。所有患者均采取阶梯式引流模式治疗IPN。根据患者临床结局分为病死组及存活组,比较2组患者的临床特点,并通过多因素回归分析探索IPN患者病死的危险因素。结果 2年内共纳入243名IPN患者,死亡32例,IPN整体病死率为13.17%。病死患者相比于存活患者,急性期器官功能障碍、急性肾功能损伤以及休克发生率明显增高,分别为(81.25%vs 50.23%)、(46.87%vs27.49%)、(90.62%vs 21.80%)。APACHEⅡ评分更高(13 vs 17),感染时间更早(52 d vs 23 d);感染期腹腔大出血、消化道瘘等并发症的发生率增高,开腹手术比例更高(59.37%vs 19.43%)。手术距发病时间更短[34(28,40)d vs 62(22,64)d]、ICU(11 d vs 54 d)及住院总天数更长(31 d vs 59 d),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析发现,病死危险因素包括急性期器官功能障碍、感染时间、感染期并发症、开腹手术、ICU天数及住院天数。结论急性期器官功能障碍、感染及感染期并发症仍是阶梯式引流模式中IPN患者的主要病死原因,临床治疗中应加以重视。
