生态补偿制度，亦被称为环境服务付费（Payment for Environmental Services，简称PES）SIJ度，是以保护和可持续利用生态系统所提供的服务为目标，以经济手段为主要方式，调节生态保护利益相关者之间的权利义务关系的制度安排。森林生...生态补偿制度，亦被称为环境服务付费（Payment for Environmental Services，简称PES）SIJ度，是以保护和可持续利用生态系统所提供的服务为目标，以经济手段为主要方式，调节生态保护利益相关者之间的权利义务关系的制度安排。森林生态补偿制度的建立，是关系到森林生态系统和生物多样性保护体系的重新整合与完善，关系到森林生态服务提供方、支付方和国家之间权利义务平衡的重要环节。哥斯达黎加对于森林生态补偿制度的探索开始于上世纪80年代，并在1996年生效的《森林法》中做出详细规定，此后又几经调整，展开更多
Although many studies on the fishery biology of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, have been conducted in the coastal areas within Exclusive Economic Zones （EEZs） of various countries due to its commercial and eco...Although many studies on the fishery biology of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, have been conducted in the coastal areas within Exclusive Economic Zones （EEZs） of various countries due to its commercial and ecological importance, limited biological information is available from waters outside these EEZs. In this paper, we examined D. gigas fishery biology from waters outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, based on the fishery data collected by Chinese jigging vessels during 2006 to 2010. The dominant mantle lengths olD. gigas were 350-450 mm, 250-400 mm and 250-350 mm outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, respectively. Size structure analysis show that a medium-sized group existed mostly in the waters outside the Chilean and Peruvian EEZs, whereas a small-sized group occurred mainly in the waters outside the Costa Rican EEZ. The longevity of the squid outside the Costa Rican EEZ was less than 10 months, while most of those outside Chilean and Peruvian EEZs were about 1-1.5 years and very few large individuals were 1.5-2 years old. A higher percentage of mature individuals existed outside Costa Rican EEZ implying the region as a potential spawning ground, while lower proportions of mature squid outside the Peruvian and Chilean EEZs indicated that spawning may be occurring outside our study area. Spatial differences in sizes at maturity of the squid are thought to be result from different environmental factors especially different temperature and nutrition among the three areas. Stomach-content analysis showed that cannibalism was important in the diet of D. gigas. Stress generated by jigging may increase the incidence of cannibalism.展开更多
年度自然摄影师大赛(Nature Photographer of the Year,NPOTY)旨在传播自然之美,每年一度的大赛颁奖典礼在荷兰举行。2023年是大赛举办的第8年,来自96个国家的选手提交了21474张参赛作品,创下了历史新高。从微距下的蘑菇伞、枝头的乌儿...年度自然摄影师大赛(Nature Photographer of the Year,NPOTY)旨在传播自然之美,每年一度的大赛颁奖典礼在荷兰举行。2023年是大赛举办的第8年,来自96个国家的选手提交了21474张参赛作品,创下了历史新高。从微距下的蘑菇伞、枝头的乌儿到大型动物,从寒冷的“世界北极熊之都”丘吉尔镇,到哥斯达黎加的热带云雾森林,自然以无声的语言展现着它的无穷魅力。展开更多
文摘生态补偿制度，亦被称为环境服务付费（Payment for Environmental Services，简称PES）SIJ度，是以保护和可持续利用生态系统所提供的服务为目标，以经济手段为主要方式，调节生态保护利益相关者之间的权利义务关系的制度安排。森林生态补偿制度的建立，是关系到森林生态系统和生物多样性保护体系的重新整合与完善，关系到森林生态服务提供方、支付方和国家之间权利义务平衡的重要环节。哥斯达黎加对于森林生态补偿制度的探索开始于上世纪80年代，并在1996年生效的《森林法》中做出详细规定，此后又几经调整，
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC41276156)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.13YE091)+5 种基金Industrialization Project of National Development and Reform Commission(No.2159999)Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.12231203900)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA092303)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Fisheries Discipline)National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Centerthe Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources,Ministry of Agriculture
文摘Although many studies on the fishery biology of jumbo flying squid, Dosidicus gigas, have been conducted in the coastal areas within Exclusive Economic Zones （EEZs） of various countries due to its commercial and ecological importance, limited biological information is available from waters outside these EEZs. In this paper, we examined D. gigas fishery biology from waters outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, based on the fishery data collected by Chinese jigging vessels during 2006 to 2010. The dominant mantle lengths olD. gigas were 350-450 mm, 250-400 mm and 250-350 mm outside Chilean, Peruvian and Costa Rican EEZs, respectively. Size structure analysis show that a medium-sized group existed mostly in the waters outside the Chilean and Peruvian EEZs, whereas a small-sized group occurred mainly in the waters outside the Costa Rican EEZ. The longevity of the squid outside the Costa Rican EEZ was less than 10 months, while most of those outside Chilean and Peruvian EEZs were about 1-1.5 years and very few large individuals were 1.5-2 years old. A higher percentage of mature individuals existed outside Costa Rican EEZ implying the region as a potential spawning ground, while lower proportions of mature squid outside the Peruvian and Chilean EEZs indicated that spawning may be occurring outside our study area. Spatial differences in sizes at maturity of the squid are thought to be result from different environmental factors especially different temperature and nutrition among the three areas. Stomach-content analysis showed that cannibalism was important in the diet of D. gigas. Stress generated by jigging may increase the incidence of cannibalism.
文摘年度自然摄影师大赛(Nature Photographer of the Year,NPOTY)旨在传播自然之美,每年一度的大赛颁奖典礼在荷兰举行。2023年是大赛举办的第8年,来自96个国家的选手提交了21474张参赛作品,创下了历史新高。从微距下的蘑菇伞、枝头的乌儿到大型动物,从寒冷的“世界北极熊之都”丘吉尔镇,到哥斯达黎加的热带云雾森林,自然以无声的语言展现着它的无穷魅力。
