In order to investigate the general tendency of soil microbial community responses to fertilizers, a meta-analysis approach was used to synthesise observations on the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer additi...In order to investigate the general tendency of soil microbial community responses to fertilizers, a meta-analysis approach was used to synthesise observations on the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer addition(N: nitrogen;P: phosphorus;NP: nitrogen and phosphorus;PK: phosphorus and potassium;NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;OF: organic fertilizer;OF+NPK: organic fertilizer plus NPK) on soil microbial communities. Among the various studies, PK, NPK, OF and OF+NPK addition increased total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) by 52.0%, 19.5%, 334.3% and 58.3%, respectively;while NP, OF and OF+NPK addition increased fungi by 5.6%, 21.0% and 8.2%, respectively. NP, NPK and OF addition increased bacteria by 6.4%, 9.8% and 13.3%, respectively;while NP and NPK addition increased actinomycetes by 7.0% and 14.8%, respectively. Addition of ammonium nitrate rather than urea decreased gram-negative bacteria(G–). N addition increased total PLFA、bacteria and actinomycetes in croplands, but decreased fungi and bacteria in forests, and the F/B ratio in grasslands. NPK addition increased total PLFA in forests but not in croplands. The N addition rate was positively correlated with the effects of N addition on gram-positive bacteria(G+) and G–. Therefore, different fertilizers appear to have different effects on the soil microbial community. Organic fertilizers can have a greater positive effect on the soil microbial community than inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilizers on the soil microbial community varied with ecosystem types. The effect of N addition on the soil microbial community was related to both the forms of nitrogen that were added and the nitrogen addition rate.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0502001,2016YFC0502005,2017YFA0604801)The Tibet Natural Science Foundation(XZ2018ZRG-141)+1 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600432,41571042)The Tibet Science and Technology Major Projects of the Pratacultural Industry。
文摘In order to investigate the general tendency of soil microbial community responses to fertilizers, a meta-analysis approach was used to synthesise observations on the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer addition(N: nitrogen;P: phosphorus;NP: nitrogen and phosphorus;PK: phosphorus and potassium;NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;OF: organic fertilizer;OF+NPK: organic fertilizer plus NPK) on soil microbial communities. Among the various studies, PK, NPK, OF and OF+NPK addition increased total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) by 52.0%, 19.5%, 334.3% and 58.3%, respectively;while NP, OF and OF+NPK addition increased fungi by 5.6%, 21.0% and 8.2%, respectively. NP, NPK and OF addition increased bacteria by 6.4%, 9.8% and 13.3%, respectively;while NP and NPK addition increased actinomycetes by 7.0% and 14.8%, respectively. Addition of ammonium nitrate rather than urea decreased gram-negative bacteria(G–). N addition increased total PLFA、bacteria and actinomycetes in croplands, but decreased fungi and bacteria in forests, and the F/B ratio in grasslands. NPK addition increased total PLFA in forests but not in croplands. The N addition rate was positively correlated with the effects of N addition on gram-positive bacteria(G+) and G–. Therefore, different fertilizers appear to have different effects on the soil microbial community. Organic fertilizers can have a greater positive effect on the soil microbial community than inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilizers on the soil microbial community varied with ecosystem types. The effect of N addition on the soil microbial community was related to both the forms of nitrogen that were added and the nitrogen addition rate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62090030/62090031,51872257,and 51672244)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1200502)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(LZ20F040001)。
文摘因二维材料的独特性质及其可调谐的光谱响应,基于二维材料的光电探测器受到广泛关注.然而,它们的性能还不够突出,其制造工艺与硅基互补金属氧化物半导体技术工艺流程的兼容性还需要评估.在本文中,我们报道了一种基于二硒化铂/超薄二氧化硅/硅异质结构的高性能、空气稳定、自驱动、室温宽带光电探测器.该光电探测器表现出超高的响应度(8.06 AW-1)和比探测率(4.78×10^(13)cm Hz^(1/2)W^(-1))、极低的暗电流(0.12 pA)以及优秀的开关比(1.29×10^(9)).在375,532,1342和1550 nm波长处所测的光电流响应度分别为2.12,5.56,18.12和0.65 m AW^(-1).此外,制造的9×9器件阵列不仅展示了该探测器非常好的均匀性和可重复性,而且还显示了其在紫外-可见-近红外照明成像应用领域的潜力.我们设计的二硒化铂/超薄二氧化硅/硅异质结光电探测器极大地抑制了暗电流,提高了二极管的理想因子并增加了界面势垒.因此,它为改善光电探测器性能的设计提供了一种新策略.
