特殊医学用途配方食品是为了满足进食受限、消化吸收障碍、代谢紊乱或特定疾病状态人群对营养素或膳食的特殊需要，专门加工配制而成的配方食品。
许多发达国家／地区或组织在20世纪80年代就广泛使用特殊医学用途配方食品，并制定了管...特殊医学用途配方食品是为了满足进食受限、消化吸收障碍、代谢紊乱或特定疾病状态人群对营养素或膳食的特殊需要，专门加工配制而成的配方食品。
许多发达国家／地区或组织在20世纪80年代就广泛使用特殊医学用途配方食品，并制定了管理措施和（或）相应标准。
（1）国际食品法典委员会（CAC）：Codex Stan 180-1991 The Labeling of and Claims for Food forSpecial Medical Purpose主要对特殊医学用途配方食品的定义和标签标识进行了详细规定。展开更多
营养不良指能量、蛋白质或其他营养物质摄入不足或吸收障碍导致身体组织的形态和功能受损的状态。临床上营养不良一般指蛋白质-能量营养不良(protein-energy malnutrition,PEM),即因碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质三大营养物质摄入不足或消...营养不良指能量、蛋白质或其他营养物质摄入不足或吸收障碍导致身体组织的形态和功能受损的状态。临床上营养不良一般指蛋白质-能量营养不良(protein-energy malnutrition,PEM),即因碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质三大营养物质摄入不足或消耗增加造成的营养不良。它的特征是身体成分发生变化,脂肪量和/或肌肉减少[1-2]。肝脏是人体最大的和最重要的合成代谢器官,在整合碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质和微量元素代谢等方面发挥着至关重要的作用[3-4]。肝脏发生损伤时,机体出现不同程度的蛋白能量代谢障碍,因此,终末期肝病患者通常存在不同程度的PEM。营养不良和肌肉减少与肝移植后感染发生率、机械通气时间、停留重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)和住院时间延长密切相关[5]。展开更多
脑积水是脑脊液循环受阻或吸收障碍引起脑室扩大的脑脊液动力学障碍疾病^([1])。脑室—腹腔分流术(Ventriculoperitoneal shunt,VPS)一直是神经外科医生处理脑积水患者首选且最常用的手术方式^([2-3])。VPS分流术可产生多种术后并发症,...脑积水是脑脊液循环受阻或吸收障碍引起脑室扩大的脑脊液动力学障碍疾病^([1])。脑室—腹腔分流术(Ventriculoperitoneal shunt,VPS)一直是神经外科医生处理脑积水患者首选且最常用的手术方式^([2-3])。VPS分流术可产生多种术后并发症,但分流管远端移位至腹壁(Migration of the abdominal wall of the shunt)是一种罕见的并发症^([4-5])。本文报道1例脑室—腹腔分流管从腹膜腔自发性移位至腹壁皮下组织患者的诊疗过程。展开更多
Anemia is a frequent finding in most diseases which cause malabsorption. The most frequent etiology is the combination of iron and vitamin B12 deficiency. Celiac disease is frequently diagnosed in patients referred fo...Anemia is a frequent finding in most diseases which cause malabsorption. The most frequent etiology is the combination of iron and vitamin B12 deficiency. Celiac disease is frequently diagnosed in patients referred for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), being reported in 1.8%-14.6% of patients. Therefore, duodenal biopsies should be taken during endoscopy if no obvious cause of iron defi ciency (ID) can be found. Cobalamin defi ciency occurs frequently among elderly patients, but it is often unrecognized because the clinical manifestations are subtle; it is caused primarily by food-cobalamin malabsorption and pernicious anemia. The classic treatment of cobalamin deficiency has been parenteral administration of the vitamin. Recent data suggest that alternative routes of cobalamin administration (oral and nasal) may be useful in some cases. Anemia is a frequent complication of gastrectomy, and has been often described after bariatric surgery. It has been shown that banding procedures which maintain digestive continuity with the antrum and duodenum are associated with low rates of ID. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection may be considered as a risk factor for IDA, mainly in groups with high demands for iron, such as some children and adolescents. Further controlled trials are needed before making solid recommendations about H pylori eradication in these cases.展开更多
文摘特殊医学用途配方食品是为了满足进食受限、消化吸收障碍、代谢紊乱或特定疾病状态人群对营养素或膳食的特殊需要，专门加工配制而成的配方食品。
许多发达国家／地区或组织在20世纪80年代就广泛使用特殊医学用途配方食品，并制定了管理措施和（或）相应标准。
（1）国际食品法典委员会（CAC）：Codex Stan 180-1991 The Labeling of and Claims for Food forSpecial Medical Purpose主要对特殊医学用途配方食品的定义和标签标识进行了详细规定。
文摘营养不良指能量、蛋白质或其他营养物质摄入不足或吸收障碍导致身体组织的形态和功能受损的状态。临床上营养不良一般指蛋白质-能量营养不良(protein-energy malnutrition,PEM),即因碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质三大营养物质摄入不足或消耗增加造成的营养不良。它的特征是身体成分发生变化,脂肪量和/或肌肉减少[1-2]。肝脏是人体最大的和最重要的合成代谢器官,在整合碳水化合物、脂肪、蛋白质和微量元素代谢等方面发挥着至关重要的作用[3-4]。肝脏发生损伤时,机体出现不同程度的蛋白能量代谢障碍,因此,终末期肝病患者通常存在不同程度的PEM。营养不良和肌肉减少与肝移植后感染发生率、机械通气时间、停留重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)和住院时间延长密切相关[5]。
文摘脑积水是脑脊液循环受阻或吸收障碍引起脑室扩大的脑脊液动力学障碍疾病^([1])。脑室—腹腔分流术(Ventriculoperitoneal shunt,VPS)一直是神经外科医生处理脑积水患者首选且最常用的手术方式^([2-3])。VPS分流术可产生多种术后并发症,但分流管远端移位至腹壁(Migration of the abdominal wall of the shunt)是一种罕见的并发症^([4-5])。本文报道1例脑室—腹腔分流管从腹膜腔自发性移位至腹壁皮下组织患者的诊疗过程。
文摘Anemia is a frequent finding in most diseases which cause malabsorption. The most frequent etiology is the combination of iron and vitamin B12 deficiency. Celiac disease is frequently diagnosed in patients referred for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), being reported in 1.8%-14.6% of patients. Therefore, duodenal biopsies should be taken during endoscopy if no obvious cause of iron defi ciency (ID) can be found. Cobalamin defi ciency occurs frequently among elderly patients, but it is often unrecognized because the clinical manifestations are subtle; it is caused primarily by food-cobalamin malabsorption and pernicious anemia. The classic treatment of cobalamin deficiency has been parenteral administration of the vitamin. Recent data suggest that alternative routes of cobalamin administration (oral and nasal) may be useful in some cases. Anemia is a frequent complication of gastrectomy, and has been often described after bariatric surgery. It has been shown that banding procedures which maintain digestive continuity with the antrum and duodenum are associated with low rates of ID. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection may be considered as a risk factor for IDA, mainly in groups with high demands for iron, such as some children and adolescents. Further controlled trials are needed before making solid recommendations about H pylori eradication in these cases.
