25 years ago,Mr.Ron Muir presented a paper to the National Lubricating Grease Institute(NLGI) on a new technology that he developed titled"High Performance Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease".This was the intr...25 years ago,Mr.Ron Muir presented a paper to the National Lubricating Grease Institute(NLGI) on a new technology that he developed titled"High Performance Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease".This was the introduction of the modern version of the calcium sulfonate grease technology that we know today.Most other technology would be considered mature after 25 years on the market,however,calcium sulfonate complex grease continues to grow and to find new applications in the lubricant industry.According to the NLGI production survey,it accounted for more than 45 million pounds of production in 2011.This technology is noted for bringing value to the lubrication environment,over other technologies,particularly in areas where heat,water,and high loads exist.It is a technology that solves problems.It is used extensively in North America and Europe.This paper will review the chemistry and properties behind calcium sulfonate complex grease and will examine several industries where it has had an impact.展开更多
Producer gas through gasification of biomass can be used as an alternate fuel in rural areas due to high potential of biomass resources in India.Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine(f...Producer gas through gasification of biomass can be used as an alternate fuel in rural areas due to high potential of biomass resources in India.Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine(four stroke,single cylinder,5.25 kW) with respect to its thermal efficiency,specific fuel consumption and diesel substitution by use of diesel alone and producer gas-cum-diesel(dual fuel mode).Three types of biomass,i.e.wood chips,pigeon pea stalks and corn cobs were used for generation of producer gas.A producer gas system consisting of a downdraft gasifier,a cooling cum cleaning unit,a filtering unit and a gas air mixing device was designed,fabricated and used to power a 5.25 kW diesel engine on dual fuel mode.Performance of the engine was reported by keeping biomass moisture contents as 8%,12%,16%,and 21%,engine speed as 1 600 r/min and with variable engine loads.The average value of thermal efficiency on dual fuel mode was found slightly lower than that of diesel mode.The specific diesel consumption was found to be 60%-64% less in dual fuel mode than that in diesel mode for the same amount of energy output.The average diesel substitution of 74% was observed with wood chips followed by corn cobs(78%) and pigeon pea stalks(82%).Based on the performance studied,the producer gas may be used as a substitute or as supplementary fuel for diesel conservation,particularly for stationary engines in agricultural operations in the farm.展开更多
An analysis of an Engine’s operating life and engine oil degradation, including an analysis of key factors that affect an engine’s operating life and methods used to prevent an engine’s unnatural wear, as well as h...An analysis of an Engine’s operating life and engine oil degradation, including an analysis of key factors that affect an engine’s operating life and methods used to prevent an engine’s unnatural wear, as well as highlighting operating notices and key points.展开更多
文摘25 years ago,Mr.Ron Muir presented a paper to the National Lubricating Grease Institute(NLGI) on a new technology that he developed titled"High Performance Calcium Sulfonate Complex Grease".This was the introduction of the modern version of the calcium sulfonate grease technology that we know today.Most other technology would be considered mature after 25 years on the market,however,calcium sulfonate complex grease continues to grow and to find new applications in the lubricant industry.According to the NLGI production survey,it accounted for more than 45 million pounds of production in 2011.This technology is noted for bringing value to the lubrication environment,over other technologies,particularly in areas where heat,water,and high loads exist.It is a technology that solves problems.It is used extensively in North America and Europe.This paper will review the chemistry and properties behind calcium sulfonate complex grease and will examine several industries where it has had an impact.
文摘Producer gas through gasification of biomass can be used as an alternate fuel in rural areas due to high potential of biomass resources in India.Experiments were conducted to study the performance of a diesel engine(four stroke,single cylinder,5.25 kW) with respect to its thermal efficiency,specific fuel consumption and diesel substitution by use of diesel alone and producer gas-cum-diesel(dual fuel mode).Three types of biomass,i.e.wood chips,pigeon pea stalks and corn cobs were used for generation of producer gas.A producer gas system consisting of a downdraft gasifier,a cooling cum cleaning unit,a filtering unit and a gas air mixing device was designed,fabricated and used to power a 5.25 kW diesel engine on dual fuel mode.Performance of the engine was reported by keeping biomass moisture contents as 8%,12%,16%,and 21%,engine speed as 1 600 r/min and with variable engine loads.The average value of thermal efficiency on dual fuel mode was found slightly lower than that of diesel mode.The specific diesel consumption was found to be 60%-64% less in dual fuel mode than that in diesel mode for the same amount of energy output.The average diesel substitution of 74% was observed with wood chips followed by corn cobs(78%) and pigeon pea stalks(82%).Based on the performance studied,the producer gas may be used as a substitute or as supplementary fuel for diesel conservation,particularly for stationary engines in agricultural operations in the farm.
文摘An analysis of an Engine’s operating life and engine oil degradation, including an analysis of key factors that affect an engine’s operating life and methods used to prevent an engine’s unnatural wear, as well as highlighting operating notices and key points.
