基于四叉树的分层马尔可夫随机场(Markov random field,MRF)模型在层间存在因果性,不需要像非因果马尔可夫随机场模型那样的迭代算法,但是传统的分层MRF模型常常导致分割结果具有块状现象和非连续边缘．本文提出一种新的基于区域确定的...基于四叉树的分层马尔可夫随机场(Markov random field,MRF)模型在层间存在因果性,不需要像非因果马尔可夫随机场模型那样的迭代算法,但是传统的分层MRF模型常常导致分割结果具有块状现象和非连续边缘．本文提出一种新的基于区域确定的半树分层MRF算法,并推导出它的最大后验边缘概率(Maximizer of the posteriori marginal,MPM)算法．在流域算法过分割结果的基础上,该模型将层间的点概率转换为区域概率,采用区域概率实现各层图像分割．从SAR图像的监督分割实验结果来看,本文提出的模型较好地克服了基于像素分层模型和单分辨率MRF模型带米的块现象和非连续边界,因而具有更好的分割结果．展开更多
The estimation of precipitation quantiles has always been an area of great importance to meteorologists, hydrologists, planners and managers of hydrotechnical infrastructures. In many cases, it is necessary to estimat...The estimation of precipitation quantiles has always been an area of great importance to meteorologists, hydrologists, planners and managers of hydrotechnical infrastructures. In many cases, it is necessary to estimate the values relating to extreme events for the sites where there is little or no measurement, as well as their return periods. A statistical approach is the most used in such cases. It aims to find the probability distribution that best fits the maximum daily rainfall values. In our study, 231 rainfall stations were used to regionalize and find the best distribution for modeling the maximum daily rainfall in Northern Algeria. The L-moments method was used to perform a regionalization based on discordance criteria and homogeneity test. It gave rise to twelve homogeneous regions in terms of LCoefficient of variation(L-CV), L-Skewness(L-CS) and L-Kurtosis(L-CK). This same technique allowed us to select the regional probability distribution for each group using the Z statistic. The generalized extreme values distribution(GEV) was selected to model the maximum daily rainfall of 10 groups located in the north of the steppe region and the generalized logistic distribution(GLO) for groups representing the steppes of Central and Western Algeria. The study of uncertainty by the bias and RMSE showed that the regional approach is acceptable. We have also developed maximum daily rainfall maps for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years return periods. We relied on a network of 255 rainfall stations. The spatial variability of quantiles was evaluated by semi-variograms. All rainfall frequency models have a spatial dependence with an exponential model adjusted to the experimental semi-variograms. The parameters of the fitted semi-variogram for different return periods are similar, throughout, while the nugget is more important for high return periods. Maximum daily rainfall increases from South to North and from West to East, and is more significant in the coastal areas of eastern Algeria where it exceeds 170 mm for a retu展开更多
文摘基于四叉树的分层马尔可夫随机场(Markov random field,MRF)模型在层间存在因果性,不需要像非因果马尔可夫随机场模型那样的迭代算法,但是传统的分层MRF模型常常导致分割结果具有块状现象和非连续边缘．本文提出一种新的基于区域确定的半树分层MRF算法,并推导出它的最大后验边缘概率(Maximizer of the posteriori marginal,MPM)算法．在流域算法过分割结果的基础上,该模型将层间的点概率转换为区域概率,采用区域概率实现各层图像分割．从SAR图像的监督分割实验结果来看,本文提出的模型较好地克服了基于像素分层模型和单分辨率MRF模型带米的块现象和非连续边界,因而具有更好的分割结果．
文摘The estimation of precipitation quantiles has always been an area of great importance to meteorologists, hydrologists, planners and managers of hydrotechnical infrastructures. In many cases, it is necessary to estimate the values relating to extreme events for the sites where there is little or no measurement, as well as their return periods. A statistical approach is the most used in such cases. It aims to find the probability distribution that best fits the maximum daily rainfall values. In our study, 231 rainfall stations were used to regionalize and find the best distribution for modeling the maximum daily rainfall in Northern Algeria. The L-moments method was used to perform a regionalization based on discordance criteria and homogeneity test. It gave rise to twelve homogeneous regions in terms of LCoefficient of variation(L-CV), L-Skewness(L-CS) and L-Kurtosis(L-CK). This same technique allowed us to select the regional probability distribution for each group using the Z statistic. The generalized extreme values distribution(GEV) was selected to model the maximum daily rainfall of 10 groups located in the north of the steppe region and the generalized logistic distribution(GLO) for groups representing the steppes of Central and Western Algeria. The study of uncertainty by the bias and RMSE showed that the regional approach is acceptable. We have also developed maximum daily rainfall maps for 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years return periods. We relied on a network of 255 rainfall stations. The spatial variability of quantiles was evaluated by semi-variograms. All rainfall frequency models have a spatial dependence with an exponential model adjusted to the experimental semi-variograms. The parameters of the fitted semi-variogram for different return periods are similar, throughout, while the nugget is more important for high return periods. Maximum daily rainfall increases from South to North and from West to East, and is more significant in the coastal areas of eastern Algeria where it exceeds 170 mm for a retu
