The elevational gradient present in mountainous areas provides the most powerful natural experimental system available to clarify the ecological and evolutionary responses of living organisms to geophysical influences...The elevational gradient present in mountainous areas provides the most powerful natural experimental system available to clarify the ecological and evolutionary responses of living organisms to geophysical influences.In this study,we explored the elevational patterns of plant species and functional diversity and the effects of area,mid-domain effect,climatic variables and net primary productivity on the observed diversity patterns along the ridge of the Baekdudaegan Mountains,South Korea.Rapoport’s elevational rule was also evaluated by examining the relationship between elevational range size of plant species and elevation.A total of 802 plant species from 97 families and 342 genera were found in 1100 plots along a 200-–1900-m elevational gradient along the ridge.The elevational patterns of plant species diversity along the ridge of the Baekdudaegan depicted distinctly hump-shaped patterns,whereas the functional diversity decreased monotonically with elevation.The mid-domain effect was the most powerful explanatory variable for species diversity patterns.However,climatic variables were better predictors for functional diversity.Moreover,Rapoport’s elevational rule was not supported.Our study suggests that different elevational patterns may be observed among different diversity measurements even in the same taxon and that there may be fundamental differences in the mechanisms underlying these diversity patterns.展开更多
Soil-borne plant pathogens are among the most important limiting factors for the productivity of agro-ecosystems. Fungistasis is the natural capability of soils to inhibit the germination and growth of soil-borne fung...Soil-borne plant pathogens are among the most important limiting factors for the productivity of agro-ecosystems. Fungistasis is the natural capability of soils to inhibit the germination and growth of soil-borne fungi in the presence of optimal abiotic conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different soil managements, in terms of soil amendment types and frequency of application, on fungistasis. For this purpose, a microcosm experiment was performed by conditioning a soil with frequent applications of organic matter with contrasting biochemical quality （i. e., glucose, alfalfa straw and wheat straw）. Thereafter, the fungistasis response was assessed on four fungi （Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Pyrenoehaeta lycopersici and Trichoderma harzianum）. Conditioned soils were characterized by measuring microbial activity （soil respiration） and functional diversity using the BIOLOG EcoPlatesTM method. Results showed that irrespective of the fungal species and amendment types, frequent applications of organic matter reduced fungistasis relief and shortened the time required for fungistasis restoration. The frequent addition of easily decomposable organic compounds enhanced soil respiration and its specific catabolic capabilities. This study demonstrated that frequent applications of organic matter affected soil fungistasis likely as a result of higher microbial activity and functional diversity.展开更多
Virgin forests are unique ecosystems, which can be used as etalon for basic biocoenotic investigation. Soil microorganisms are very sensitive reagents on influence of biotical factors, and at the same time are the act...Virgin forests are unique ecosystems, which can be used as etalon for basic biocoenotic investigation. Soil microorganisms are very sensitive reagents on influence of biotical factors, and at the same time are the active producers of phytotoxic and phytostimulating exometabolites. Studies of soil microbiota were conducted in virgin beech forests of Shyrokoluzhansky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. It was found the ratio and the number of different ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms changes with altitude. So the number of ammonificators with increasing of altitude above sea level was reduced. The soil at altitude of 1,100 meters above sea level was characterized by minimum content of organotrophes -1.22 × 10^6 （CFU-colony forming units/lg.a.d.s.）. At the altitude of 500 meters content of ammonificators increased at six times and was 7.07 ×10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s., which indicates to accumulation of the soil organic matter. Similar changes occurred with the number of bacteria which are using mineral forms of nitrogen for their nutrition. Their maximum quantity （4.32 × 10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s.） was in the soil of biotope disposed at altitude of 500 meters above sea level. Fluctuations in the number of soil micromycetes of virgin forest ecosystems have not been as significant as the bacterial microbiota （within 17 ×10^3-28 × 10^3 CFU/lg.a.d.s.）. Among a wide spectrum of bacterial microbiota were isolated strains with high phytostimulating action.展开更多
基金supported from a part of the‘Korea Big Tree Project’ funded by the Korea Green Promotion Agency,Korea Forest Service
文摘The elevational gradient present in mountainous areas provides the most powerful natural experimental system available to clarify the ecological and evolutionary responses of living organisms to geophysical influences.In this study,we explored the elevational patterns of plant species and functional diversity and the effects of area,mid-domain effect,climatic variables and net primary productivity on the observed diversity patterns along the ridge of the Baekdudaegan Mountains,South Korea.Rapoport’s elevational rule was also evaluated by examining the relationship between elevational range size of plant species and elevation.A total of 802 plant species from 97 families and 342 genera were found in 1100 plots along a 200-–1900-m elevational gradient along the ridge.The elevational patterns of plant species diversity along the ridge of the Baekdudaegan depicted distinctly hump-shaped patterns,whereas the functional diversity decreased monotonically with elevation.The mid-domain effect was the most powerful explanatory variable for species diversity patterns.However,climatic variables were better predictors for functional diversity.Moreover,Rapoport’s elevational rule was not supported.Our study suggests that different elevational patterns may be observed among different diversity measurements even in the same taxon and that there may be fundamental differences in the mechanisms underlying these diversity patterns.
基金This work was supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan, P.R. China
This work was supported by a grant from the Department of Science and Technology, Sichuan, China. We would like to thank JIN Mei, LUO Dan, SANG Mu, WANG Mu, and Luo-sang-Jian-cai from Medical School of Tibet university for their assistance with the data collection.
文摘Soil-borne plant pathogens are among the most important limiting factors for the productivity of agro-ecosystems. Fungistasis is the natural capability of soils to inhibit the germination and growth of soil-borne fungi in the presence of optimal abiotic conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of different soil managements, in terms of soil amendment types and frequency of application, on fungistasis. For this purpose, a microcosm experiment was performed by conditioning a soil with frequent applications of organic matter with contrasting biochemical quality （i. e., glucose, alfalfa straw and wheat straw）. Thereafter, the fungistasis response was assessed on four fungi （Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Pyrenoehaeta lycopersici and Trichoderma harzianum）. Conditioned soils were characterized by measuring microbial activity （soil respiration） and functional diversity using the BIOLOG EcoPlatesTM method. Results showed that irrespective of the fungal species and amendment types, frequent applications of organic matter reduced fungistasis relief and shortened the time required for fungistasis restoration. The frequent addition of easily decomposable organic compounds enhanced soil respiration and its specific catabolic capabilities. This study demonstrated that frequent applications of organic matter affected soil fungistasis likely as a result of higher microbial activity and functional diversity.
文摘Virgin forests are unique ecosystems, which can be used as etalon for basic biocoenotic investigation. Soil microorganisms are very sensitive reagents on influence of biotical factors, and at the same time are the active producers of phytotoxic and phytostimulating exometabolites. Studies of soil microbiota were conducted in virgin beech forests of Shyrokoluzhansky massif of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. It was found the ratio and the number of different ecological-trophic groups of soil microorganisms changes with altitude. So the number of ammonificators with increasing of altitude above sea level was reduced. The soil at altitude of 1,100 meters above sea level was characterized by minimum content of organotrophes -1.22 × 10^6 （CFU-colony forming units/lg.a.d.s.）. At the altitude of 500 meters content of ammonificators increased at six times and was 7.07 ×10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s., which indicates to accumulation of the soil organic matter. Similar changes occurred with the number of bacteria which are using mineral forms of nitrogen for their nutrition. Their maximum quantity （4.32 × 10^6 CFU/lg.a.d.s.） was in the soil of biotope disposed at altitude of 500 meters above sea level. Fluctuations in the number of soil micromycetes of virgin forest ecosystems have not been as significant as the bacterial microbiota （within 17 ×10^3-28 × 10^3 CFU/lg.a.d.s.）. Among a wide spectrum of bacterial microbiota were isolated strains with high phytostimulating action.
