[目的]探讨经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥在椎体内分布范围对临床疗效的影响。[方法]对2013年6月-2014年6月确诊为骨质疏松性压缩性骨折并行经皮椎体成形术治疗的60例患者进行回顾性研究,参照术后X线片或CT重建判断骨水泥在椎体内的分布情况,...[目的]探讨经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥在椎体内分布范围对临床疗效的影响。[方法]对2013年6月-2014年6月确诊为骨质疏松性压缩性骨折并行经皮椎体成形术治疗的60例患者进行回顾性研究,参照术后X线片或CT重建判断骨水泥在椎体内的分布情况,将患者分为3组,A组：骨水泥没有弥散于骨折线区域;B组：骨水泥仅弥散于骨折线区域;C组：骨水泥弥散于整个椎体。记录术前、术后第3 d、术后3、6个月时的疼痛视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）及Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分,对3组患者不同时间点的疼痛程度及个人生活情况进行比较分析。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,无严重并发症发生。术中骨水泥注射量为3.5-6.0 ml,平均（4.7±0.8）ml。3组患者术后疼痛及生活质量明显改善,术后第3 d,第3、6个月VAS评分及ODI与术前相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。A组和B、C组患者术后3 d VAS评分及ODI分别对比差异均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,B、C组患者术后第3 d VAS评分及ODI对比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,3组患者术后3、6个月VAS评分及ODI分别比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。B、C两组患者术后即时疗效较A组明显,随访3个月后3组患者疗效差异不明显。[结论]骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术后,在疼痛及生活质量上均有明显改善,椎体内骨水泥是否弥散于骨折线区域可能是影响椎体成形术疗效的因素之一。展开更多
Understanding the changes in number and areal extent of lakes,as well as their abundance and size distribution is important for assessments of regional and global water resources,biogeochemical cycles,and changes in c...Understanding the changes in number and areal extent of lakes,as well as their abundance and size distribution is important for assessments of regional and global water resources,biogeochemical cycles,and changes in climate.In this study,changes in lake area greater than 1 km2are mapped using Landsat datasets,spanning the 1970s,1990,2000,and 2010.In addition,high-resolution images(GeoCover Landsat mosaic 2000,with a pixel size of 14.25 m)are used for the first time to map lakes as small as 0.001 km2across the entire Tibetan Plateau(TP).Results show that the numbers and areal extent of individual lakes[1 km2in size show a slight decrease between the 1970s and 1990,followed by a clear increase from 1990 to 2010.Ninety-nine new lakes are identified between the 1970s and 2010,71 of which are found between 1990 and 2010.This indicates the accelerated glacier melt and/or increased difference of precipitation minus evaporation since the 1990s.More than 80%of the lakes show an increase in their area between the 1970s and2010.The lake census,using 2000 imagery,shows that there are 32,843 lakes with a total area of 43,151.08±411.49 km2,which makes up 1.4%of the total area of the TP.Around 96%of all lakes are small,with an area\1 km2,while the 1,204 large lakes([1 km2)account for96%of the total lake area.The TP is subdivided into 12greater drainage basins,and of these the inner TP dominates in terms of the number of lakes(55.03%),the total area of lakes(66%),and lake density(0.026/km2compared to the mean,0.011/km2).A plot of lake abundance against size shows that the size distribution of lakes departs from a typical power-law distribution,but displays such a distribution at the mean elevation(4,715 m),with an r2value of 0.97 and a slope of-0.66.The slopes of the abundance-size equations from each of the 12 greater basins,and from all basins together,are larger than-1,supporting the inference that larger lakes,rather than the small lakes,contribute more to the total lake surface area across the TP.The lake inventory provide展开更多
文摘[目的]探讨经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥在椎体内分布范围对临床疗效的影响。[方法]对2013年6月-2014年6月确诊为骨质疏松性压缩性骨折并行经皮椎体成形术治疗的60例患者进行回顾性研究,参照术后X线片或CT重建判断骨水泥在椎体内的分布情况,将患者分为3组,A组：骨水泥没有弥散于骨折线区域;B组：骨水泥仅弥散于骨折线区域;C组：骨水泥弥散于整个椎体。记录术前、术后第3 d、术后3、6个月时的疼痛视觉模拟疼痛评分（VAS）及Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分,对3组患者不同时间点的疼痛程度及个人生活情况进行比较分析。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术,无严重并发症发生。术中骨水泥注射量为3.5-6.0 ml,平均（4.7±0.8）ml。3组患者术后疼痛及生活质量明显改善,术后第3 d,第3、6个月VAS评分及ODI与术前相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。A组和B、C组患者术后3 d VAS评分及ODI分别对比差异均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）,B、C组患者术后第3 d VAS评分及ODI对比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,3组患者术后3、6个月VAS评分及ODI分别比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。B、C两组患者术后即时疗效较A组明显,随访3个月后3组患者疗效差异不明显。[结论]骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术后,在疼痛及生活质量上均有明显改善,椎体内骨水泥是否弥散于骨折线区域可能是影响椎体成形术疗效的因素之一。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41301063, 41190081, and 31228021)the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB01020300)
文摘Understanding the changes in number and areal extent of lakes,as well as their abundance and size distribution is important for assessments of regional and global water resources,biogeochemical cycles,and changes in climate.In this study,changes in lake area greater than 1 km2are mapped using Landsat datasets,spanning the 1970s,1990,2000,and 2010.In addition,high-resolution images(GeoCover Landsat mosaic 2000,with a pixel size of 14.25 m)are used for the first time to map lakes as small as 0.001 km2across the entire Tibetan Plateau(TP).Results show that the numbers and areal extent of individual lakes[1 km2in size show a slight decrease between the 1970s and 1990,followed by a clear increase from 1990 to 2010.Ninety-nine new lakes are identified between the 1970s and 2010,71 of which are found between 1990 and 2010.This indicates the accelerated glacier melt and/or increased difference of precipitation minus evaporation since the 1990s.More than 80%of the lakes show an increase in their area between the 1970s and2010.The lake census,using 2000 imagery,shows that there are 32,843 lakes with a total area of 43,151.08±411.49 km2,which makes up 1.4%of the total area of the TP.Around 96%of all lakes are small,with an area\1 km2,while the 1,204 large lakes([1 km2)account for96%of the total lake area.The TP is subdivided into 12greater drainage basins,and of these the inner TP dominates in terms of the number of lakes(55.03%),the total area of lakes(66%),and lake density(0.026/km2compared to the mean,0.011/km2).A plot of lake abundance against size shows that the size distribution of lakes departs from a typical power-law distribution,but displays such a distribution at the mean elevation(4,715 m),with an r2value of 0.97 and a slope of-0.66.The slopes of the abundance-size equations from each of the 12 greater basins,and from all basins together,are larger than-1,supporting the inference that larger lakes,rather than the small lakes,contribute more to the total lake surface area across the TP.The lake inventory provide
