Petroleum coke was thermally treated on a fixed bed reactor in a temperature range of 1173-1673 K. The changes of the elemental composition and crystalline structure of petroleum coke, with heat treatments as well as ...Petroleum coke was thermally treated on a fixed bed reactor in a temperature range of 1173-1673 K. The changes of the elemental composition and crystalline structure of petroleum coke, with heat treatments as well as the gasification reactivity of the heat-treated petroleum cokes were investigated. The results showed that the petroleum coke was carbonized and grapbitized to a higher degree with increasing heating temperature, while the gasification reactivity decreased. The treatment at temperatures of 1173 and 1473 K significantly enlarged the specific surface area and the pore volume of petroleum coke. Both the specific surface area and the pore volume decreased at 1673 K. An empirical normal distribution function model （NDFM） was found to fit the gasification rates of petroleum coke well. The correlation coefficient of petroleum coke by normal distribution function model at different heat treatment temperatures is between 0.93 and 0.95.展开更多
现有几何光学方法的二向反射分布函数BRDF(bidirectional reflection distribution function)模型在计算阴影遮蔽效应时普遍应用Blinn几何衰减效应假设,其等倾角V形槽近似得出的分段折线形式的几何衰减因子导致BRDF曲线存在较大的误差....现有几何光学方法的二向反射分布函数BRDF(bidirectional reflection distribution function)模型在计算阴影遮蔽效应时普遍应用Blinn几何衰减效应假设,其等倾角V形槽近似得出的分段折线形式的几何衰减因子导致BRDF曲线存在较大的误差.基于倾斜角随机高斯分布的微面元理论提出了一种新的几何衰减模型,得出了积分形式的几何衰减因子表达式,数值模拟比较了Blinn几何衰减因子与修正后的积分型衰减因子以及对应的BRDF模型曲线.结果表明:提出的几何衰减因子在物理合理性以及模拟精度方面都有明显提升,使BRDF模型曲线与已有BRDF数据之间的标准误差由0.0636减小到0.0084.展开更多
金属铝在航空航天、军事国防、电子通信等领域具有重要应用,对铝材料表面光谱偏振散射特性的研究有助于丰富材料的光学信息,能够为铝材料的应用提供数据支撑.首先基于一套传统双向反射分布函数(bidirectional reflectance distribution ...金属铝在航空航天、军事国防、电子通信等领域具有重要应用,对铝材料表面光谱偏振散射特性的研究有助于丰富材料的光学信息,能够为铝材料的应用提供数据支撑.首先基于一套传统双向反射分布函数(bidirectional reflectance distribution function,BRDF)测量装置在近红外波段测量了粗糙铝表面的光谱偏振BRDF,并分析了入射天顶角、粗糙度等因素对测量结果的影响.测量结果表明:入射角、波长、偏振态和表面粗糙度对BRDF有显著影响.其次,分别采用Beckmann分布和指数分布概率密度分布函数建立了BRDF模型,并对实验结果进行了拟合.通过对比能够发现:对于同一样品和相同入射条件,不同的模型能够得到不同的拟合结果;对于不同粗糙度的样品采用不同的模型可能得到更好的拟合结果.展开更多
文摘Petroleum coke was thermally treated on a fixed bed reactor in a temperature range of 1173-1673 K. The changes of the elemental composition and crystalline structure of petroleum coke, with heat treatments as well as the gasification reactivity of the heat-treated petroleum cokes were investigated. The results showed that the petroleum coke was carbonized and grapbitized to a higher degree with increasing heating temperature, while the gasification reactivity decreased. The treatment at temperatures of 1173 and 1473 K significantly enlarged the specific surface area and the pore volume of petroleum coke. Both the specific surface area and the pore volume decreased at 1673 K. An empirical normal distribution function model （NDFM） was found to fit the gasification rates of petroleum coke well. The correlation coefficient of petroleum coke by normal distribution function model at different heat treatment temperatures is between 0.93 and 0.95.
文摘现有几何光学方法的二向反射分布函数BRDF(bidirectional reflection distribution function)模型在计算阴影遮蔽效应时普遍应用Blinn几何衰减效应假设,其等倾角V形槽近似得出的分段折线形式的几何衰减因子导致BRDF曲线存在较大的误差.基于倾斜角随机高斯分布的微面元理论提出了一种新的几何衰减模型,得出了积分形式的几何衰减因子表达式,数值模拟比较了Blinn几何衰减因子与修正后的积分型衰减因子以及对应的BRDF模型曲线.结果表明:提出的几何衰减因子在物理合理性以及模拟精度方面都有明显提升,使BRDF模型曲线与已有BRDF数据之间的标准误差由0.0636减小到0.0084.
文摘金属铝在航空航天、军事国防、电子通信等领域具有重要应用,对铝材料表面光谱偏振散射特性的研究有助于丰富材料的光学信息,能够为铝材料的应用提供数据支撑.首先基于一套传统双向反射分布函数(bidirectional reflectance distribution function,BRDF)测量装置在近红外波段测量了粗糙铝表面的光谱偏振BRDF,并分析了入射天顶角、粗糙度等因素对测量结果的影响.测量结果表明:入射角、波长、偏振态和表面粗糙度对BRDF有显著影响.其次,分别采用Beckmann分布和指数分布概率密度分布函数建立了BRDF模型,并对实验结果进行了拟合.通过对比能够发现:对于同一样品和相同入射条件,不同的模型能够得到不同的拟合结果;对于不同粗糙度的样品采用不同的模型可能得到更好的拟合结果.
