The author tries to divide the rural migration into two categories—the first generation and the second one in terms of their different age,education level and agricultural experience.Then he discusses the influences ...The author tries to divide the rural migration into two categories—the first generation and the second one in terms of their different age,education level and agricultural experience.Then he discusses the influences of these variables on the differences of social identities of the second generation of rural migration from the first one and the influences of the differences on their future social positions and behaviors in rural and urban areas.The conclusion of the essay is that the social identities of the second rural migration tend to become more and more indefinite than the ones of the first generation of rural migration.So it is also more difficult to come back to live in the rural areas for the second generation of rural migration than the first one in future.This is a big challenge to the social stability in China.展开更多
This is a study of cooperative medical schemes (CMSs) operating in rural China from the perspective of institutional embeddedness. As a kind of community based health micro insurance scheme,CMSs often suffer from fina...This is a study of cooperative medical schemes (CMSs) operating in rural China from the perspective of institutional embeddedness. As a kind of community based health micro insurance scheme,CMSs often suffer from financial vulnerability due to its small scale of risk pooling. CMSs operated relatively successfully during the pre reform era as the institutional environment in which they were embedded were favorable. Under the planned economy and tough social control,adverse selection and provider induced over provision of healthcare were non existent. During the market transition,CMSs encounter with so severe problem of adverse selection that they lose attractiveness to most of rural residents,and they are further sabotaged by bad governance. At the same time,healthcare providers,driven by marketization,have no longer had incentive to curtail cost increase. Chinese CMSs are at a crossroad,either developing towards a state-run voluntary health insurance scheme or maintaining its community-based nature but receiving strong support from the government.展开更多
文摘The author tries to divide the rural migration into two categories—the first generation and the second one in terms of their different age,education level and agricultural experience.Then he discusses the influences of these variables on the differences of social identities of the second generation of rural migration from the first one and the influences of the differences on their future social positions and behaviors in rural and urban areas.The conclusion of the essay is that the social identities of the second rural migration tend to become more and more indefinite than the ones of the first generation of rural migration.So it is also more difficult to come back to live in the rural areas for the second generation of rural migration than the first one in future.This is a big challenge to the social stability in China.
文摘This is a study of cooperative medical schemes (CMSs) operating in rural China from the perspective of institutional embeddedness. As a kind of community based health micro insurance scheme,CMSs often suffer from financial vulnerability due to its small scale of risk pooling. CMSs operated relatively successfully during the pre reform era as the institutional environment in which they were embedded were favorable. Under the planned economy and tough social control,adverse selection and provider induced over provision of healthcare were non existent. During the market transition,CMSs encounter with so severe problem of adverse selection that they lose attractiveness to most of rural residents,and they are further sabotaged by bad governance. At the same time,healthcare providers,driven by marketization,have no longer had incentive to curtail cost increase. Chinese CMSs are at a crossroad,either developing towards a state-run voluntary health insurance scheme or maintaining its community-based nature but receiving strong support from the government.
