An interest in the biodiversity and historical and cultural aspects of farming and ifshing communities, in addition to the basic role of food production, is growing. Development of an Agricultural Heritage System and ...An interest in the biodiversity and historical and cultural aspects of farming and ifshing communities, in addition to the basic role of food production, is growing. Development of an Agricultural Heritage System and Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System has been a key objective of South Korea’s central government. Given that restoration and technology transfer becomes impossible once heritage is damaged, a detailed study of manage-ment regarding conservation is required alongside the development of the Agricultural Heritage System. Here, I was able to analyze several applications submitted by local governments to the Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System. The main objective was to identify the uniqueness of each application with the nature of heritage, threats to this heritage, and current preservation efforts. I found that the most common threat is the decreasing population status for heritage maintenance due to changes in agricultural environments. In response, each site plans to boost local tourism activities as a solution but current tourism oriented management plans may result in further damage to heritage. In light of my analysis I discuss three pilars for future planning： the improvement of heritage understand-ing and awareness; sufifcient space to maintain heritage features; and new industrialization plans that maintain pro-duction activities. These recommendations wil ensure heritage protection, conservation of the natural environment, and invigoration of farming and ifshing communities through biodiversity.展开更多
The number of GIAHS sites is increasing these days and will continue to do so gradually in East Asian countries including Korea,China and Japan.As a result,conservation of heritage sites is more and more important,esp...The number of GIAHS sites is increasing these days and will continue to do so gradually in East Asian countries including Korea,China and Japan.As a result,conservation of heritage sites is more and more important,especially in Korea.Dealing with issues surrounding land use conflicts are important for conservation of heritages in order to harmonize between conservation and development to prevent reckless development.This study aims to identify measures for land use management and control to allow for sustainable development around agricultural heritage system sites.The results point to the importance of public-private partnerships and local ordinance systems or comprehensive planning of land use controls for agricultural heritage system sites.展开更多
The paper compares the agricultural heritage conservation schemes of China,Japan and Korea and,in particular,the national programs and their implementation under Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations...The paper compares the agricultural heritage conservation schemes of China,Japan and Korea and,in particular,the national programs and their implementation under Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）＇s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS）.This comparison allows an understanding of the background of developments,designation criteria,application procedures and implementation structures of GIAHS and of the respective domestic programs in terms of the differences in national circumstances of Japan,China and South Korea.The sequence of implementation of GIAHS and the national program differs in each of the three countries.China introduced a national program after GIAHS designation,Japan has GIAHS but no national program,and Korea implemented a national program before its GIAHS designation.Thus GIAHS candidate sites in China and Korea are now selected from among their respective pools of national agricultural heritage sites.On the other hand,commonalities can be seen in the perspectives of the three countries with regards to agricultural heritage conservation through the common emphasis placed on the designation criteria：historical significance,cultural value,fostering partnerships,rural revitalization and biodiversity conservation associated with the agricultural heritage systems etc.Thus,the cooperation between China,Japan and Korea and the perspectives they have will contribute to proposals for improvements to the FAO designation criteria for GIAHS.These will be comprehensively applicable to both developing and developed countries.展开更多
Implementing wildlife-friendly farming （WFF） practices is a sound approach to sustain ecological restoration of farmland. The aims of the study were to explore factors affecting farmers’ implementation of WFF pract...Implementing wildlife-friendly farming （WFF） practices is a sound approach to sustain ecological restoration of farmland. The aims of the study were to explore factors affecting farmers’ implementation of WFF practices on Sado Island, Japan and to consider the policy implications of disseminating such practices. All 5010 farming households on Sado Island, who are distributing rice to Japan Agricultural Cooperatives （JA）, were surveyed. In total, 2231 households responded to the questionnaire （response 44.5%）. By comparing the attitudes, beliefs, and attributes of non-certiifed versus certiifed farmers, we identiifed key factors affecting farmers’ implementation of WFF practices. Compared with non-certified farmers, certified farmers： （i） showed a greater interest in biodiversity and the ifnancial beneifts of WFF; （i） had a larger number of certiifed farmer friends; （ii） felt many more pressures and expectations from consumers, in particular; and （iv） were not hampered by bad labor or farmland conditions when implementing WFF practices. To further disseminate WFF practices in Sado, we suggest that the information on the effectiveness of WFF on paddy ifeld biodiversity is used in public education, and opportunities for interchanging opinions are set up between non-certiifed and certiifed farmers, as wel as between farmers and consumers.展开更多
Poaceae species such as silver grass or reed are commonly used in traditional mulch farming in Japan,where the Nishi-Awa area is a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)site.Farmers here have traditio...Poaceae species such as silver grass or reed are commonly used in traditional mulch farming in Japan,where the Nishi-Awa area is a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)site.Farmers here have traditionally used silver grass for mulch farming;furthermore,local farmers have learned from long-standing experience that Japanese knotweed(Fallopia japonica,Polygonaceae)is better for cultivation of solanaceous crops in this area.However,it is unclear why Japanese knotweed mulching is beneficial for cultivation of solanaceous crops.Thus,in this study,we hypothesized that Japanese knotweed mulching may be effective in avoiding hazards associated with continuous potato cropping,as native potato used to be cultivated twice a year in the past.Therefore,we investigated the effects of Japanese knotweed mulching on continuous potato cropping and after tomato cropping,which is another solanaceous crop species.Field experiments were conducted in 2018.First,we compared Japanese knotweed mulching,silver grass mulching and no grass mulching(control)in a soil under continuous potato cultivation and in an uncultivated soil.As a result,the extent of the potato yield decrease was reduced by Japanese knotweed mulching.Secondly,we compared Japanese knotweed-mulching and no grass mulching in a soil after a tomato crop and in an uncultivated soil.The extent of decrease in potato growth and yield was also reduced by Japanese knotweed mulching.These findings indicate that mulching with Japanese knotweed helped to avoid the risks associated with continuous potato cropping.展开更多
Poaceae plant species,such as silver grass,are commonly used in mulching activities Japan.In contrast,local farmers have traditionally used Japanese knotweed(Fallopia japonica)mulch in the cultivation of solanaceous c...Poaceae plant species,such as silver grass,are commonly used in mulching activities Japan.In contrast,local farmers have traditionally used Japanese knotweed(Fallopia japonica)mulch in the cultivation of solanaceous crops in the Nishi-Awa area of Japan,which is a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site.We have previously evaluated the positive effects of Japanese knotweed mulching on solanaceous crops,such as eggplants,tomato,and potato.In the present study,we observed that the naturally occurring diseases in the solanaceous crops tended to decrease when the knotweed mulching system was adopted,in comparison to when Poaceae mulch was adopted.In eggplants,leaf mold and powdery mildew decreased under Japanese knotweed mulching.We further evaluated the effects of Japanese knotweed mulching by inoculating test plants with Pseudomonas cichorii.We observed suppression of bacterial disease and tomato mosaic virus under Japanese knotweed mulching and following spraying with Japanese knotweed extracts.In addition,disease-resistance genes were expressed at high levels in Arabidopsis thaliana,a model plant,following treatment with Japanese knotweed extracts.The results suggest that Japanese knotweed has potential applications in future sustainable agriculture activities.展开更多
文摘An interest in the biodiversity and historical and cultural aspects of farming and ifshing communities, in addition to the basic role of food production, is growing. Development of an Agricultural Heritage System and Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System has been a key objective of South Korea’s central government. Given that restoration and technology transfer becomes impossible once heritage is damaged, a detailed study of manage-ment regarding conservation is required alongside the development of the Agricultural Heritage System. Here, I was able to analyze several applications submitted by local governments to the Korea Important Agricultural Heritage System. The main objective was to identify the uniqueness of each application with the nature of heritage, threats to this heritage, and current preservation efforts. I found that the most common threat is the decreasing population status for heritage maintenance due to changes in agricultural environments. In response, each site plans to boost local tourism activities as a solution but current tourism oriented management plans may result in further damage to heritage. In light of my analysis I discuss three pilars for future planning： the improvement of heritage understand-ing and awareness; sufifcient space to maintain heritage features; and new industrialization plans that maintain pro-duction activities. These recommendations wil ensure heritage protection, conservation of the natural environment, and invigoration of farming and ifshing communities through biodiversity.
文摘The number of GIAHS sites is increasing these days and will continue to do so gradually in East Asian countries including Korea,China and Japan.As a result,conservation of heritage sites is more and more important,especially in Korea.Dealing with issues surrounding land use conflicts are important for conservation of heritages in order to harmonize between conservation and development to prevent reckless development.This study aims to identify measures for land use management and control to allow for sustainable development around agricultural heritage system sites.The results point to the importance of public-private partnerships and local ordinance systems or comprehensive planning of land use controls for agricultural heritage system sites.
基金based in part on the research outcomes of the “Developing a Comprehensive Assessment Methodology for AgriCultural Systems in Japan (ACS)” project funded by Japan Ministry of Agriculture,Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) Policy Research Institute
文摘The paper compares the agricultural heritage conservation schemes of China,Japan and Korea and,in particular,the national programs and their implementation under Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）＇s Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems（GIAHS）.This comparison allows an understanding of the background of developments,designation criteria,application procedures and implementation structures of GIAHS and of the respective domestic programs in terms of the differences in national circumstances of Japan,China and South Korea.The sequence of implementation of GIAHS and the national program differs in each of the three countries.China introduced a national program after GIAHS designation,Japan has GIAHS but no national program,and Korea implemented a national program before its GIAHS designation.Thus GIAHS candidate sites in China and Korea are now selected from among their respective pools of national agricultural heritage sites.On the other hand,commonalities can be seen in the perspectives of the three countries with regards to agricultural heritage conservation through the common emphasis placed on the designation criteria：historical significance,cultural value,fostering partnerships,rural revitalization and biodiversity conservation associated with the agricultural heritage systems etc.Thus,the cooperation between China,Japan and Korea and the perspectives they have will contribute to proposals for improvements to the FAO designation criteria for GIAHS.These will be comprehensively applicable to both developing and developed countries.
基金supported by the Ecological Restoration Programme (a donated programme from Sado City) at CTER
文摘Implementing wildlife-friendly farming （WFF） practices is a sound approach to sustain ecological restoration of farmland. The aims of the study were to explore factors affecting farmers’ implementation of WFF practices on Sado Island, Japan and to consider the policy implications of disseminating such practices. All 5010 farming households on Sado Island, who are distributing rice to Japan Agricultural Cooperatives （JA）, were surveyed. In total, 2231 households responded to the questionnaire （response 44.5%）. By comparing the attitudes, beliefs, and attributes of non-certiifed versus certiifed farmers, we identiifed key factors affecting farmers’ implementation of WFF practices. Compared with non-certified farmers, certified farmers： （i） showed a greater interest in biodiversity and the ifnancial beneifts of WFF; （i） had a larger number of certiifed farmer friends; （ii） felt many more pressures and expectations from consumers, in particular; and （iv） were not hampered by bad labor or farmland conditions when implementing WFF practices. To further disseminate WFF practices in Sado, we suggest that the information on the effectiveness of WFF on paddy ifeld biodiversity is used in public education, and opportunities for interchanging opinions are set up between non-certiifed and certiifed farmers, as wel as between farmers and consumers.
文摘Poaceae species such as silver grass or reed are commonly used in traditional mulch farming in Japan,where the Nishi-Awa area is a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems(GIAHS)site.Farmers here have traditionally used silver grass for mulch farming;furthermore,local farmers have learned from long-standing experience that Japanese knotweed(Fallopia japonica,Polygonaceae)is better for cultivation of solanaceous crops in this area.However,it is unclear why Japanese knotweed mulching is beneficial for cultivation of solanaceous crops.Thus,in this study,we hypothesized that Japanese knotweed mulching may be effective in avoiding hazards associated with continuous potato cropping,as native potato used to be cultivated twice a year in the past.Therefore,we investigated the effects of Japanese knotweed mulching on continuous potato cropping and after tomato cropping,which is another solanaceous crop species.Field experiments were conducted in 2018.First,we compared Japanese knotweed mulching,silver grass mulching and no grass mulching(control)in a soil under continuous potato cultivation and in an uncultivated soil.As a result,the extent of the potato yield decrease was reduced by Japanese knotweed mulching.Secondly,we compared Japanese knotweed-mulching and no grass mulching in a soil after a tomato crop and in an uncultivated soil.The extent of decrease in potato growth and yield was also reduced by Japanese knotweed mulching.These findings indicate that mulching with Japanese knotweed helped to avoid the risks associated with continuous potato cropping.
基金Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(JP15K06930,JP18H02286,JP19K06108)。
文摘Poaceae plant species,such as silver grass,are commonly used in mulching activities Japan.In contrast,local farmers have traditionally used Japanese knotweed(Fallopia japonica)mulch in the cultivation of solanaceous crops in the Nishi-Awa area of Japan,which is a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems site.We have previously evaluated the positive effects of Japanese knotweed mulching on solanaceous crops,such as eggplants,tomato,and potato.In the present study,we observed that the naturally occurring diseases in the solanaceous crops tended to decrease when the knotweed mulching system was adopted,in comparison to when Poaceae mulch was adopted.In eggplants,leaf mold and powdery mildew decreased under Japanese knotweed mulching.We further evaluated the effects of Japanese knotweed mulching by inoculating test plants with Pseudomonas cichorii.We observed suppression of bacterial disease and tomato mosaic virus under Japanese knotweed mulching and following spraying with Japanese knotweed extracts.In addition,disease-resistance genes were expressed at high levels in Arabidopsis thaliana,a model plant,following treatment with Japanese knotweed extracts.The results suggest that Japanese knotweed has potential applications in future sustainable agriculture activities.
