人工智能与物联网时代,大数据模型驱动的应用场景和计算任务层出不穷,极大促进了国家数字化发展.然而,传统冯·诺依曼(John von Neumann)体系架构的硬件系统由于存算分离的结构特点导致存储墙瓶颈,在数据密集型应用中消耗了大量的...人工智能与物联网时代,大数据模型驱动的应用场景和计算任务层出不穷,极大促进了国家数字化发展.然而,传统冯·诺依曼(John von Neumann)体系架构的硬件系统由于存算分离的结构特点导致存储墙瓶颈,在数据密集型应用中消耗了大量的数据搬运成本,抑制了能效性能提升.存算一体技术是后摩尔(Moore)时代背离传统架构系统的新型计算范式,利用存储单元器件、电路内在特性,将基本的计算逻辑任务融入存储单元之中,从而消除数据搬运开销,有望实现智能计算硬件平台能效性能的显著提升.本文以契合存算一体技术的存储器件电路为切入点,概述基于传统互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)和新型非易失存储器件代表铁电晶体管的存算一体电路,并从器件、架构芯片、算法应用等层次讨论存算一体电路的跨层次协同设计优化方法.展开更多
PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,consequ...PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,consequently the multicast IP lookup engine requires,in some cases,two searches to get a correct lookup result according to its multicast forwarding rule,and it may result in a new requirement of doubling the lookup speed of the lookup engine.The ordinary method to satisfy this requirement in TCAM(Ternary Content Addressable Memory) based lookup engines is to exploit parallelism among multiple TCAMs.However,traditional parallel methods always induce more re-sources and higher design difficulty.We propose in this paper a novel approach to solve this problem.By arranging multicast forwarding table in class sequence in TCAM and making full use of the intrinsic characteristic of the TCAM,our approach can get the right lookup result with just one search and a single TCAM,while keeping the hardware of lookup engine unchanged.Experimental results have shown that the approach make it possible to satisfy forwarding IPv6 multicast packets at the full link rate of 20 Gb/s with just one TCAM with the current TCAM chip.展开更多
软件定义网络(Software Defined Networking,SDN)是一种革命性的网络架构,主要思想是将控制平面与数据平面分离,并且还拥有开放可编程特性。其对数据包转发以及网络资源管理方面有着极高的要求。三态内容寻址存储器(Ternary Content Add...软件定义网络(Software Defined Networking,SDN)是一种革命性的网络架构,主要思想是将控制平面与数据平面分离,并且还拥有开放可编程特性。其对数据包转发以及网络资源管理方面有着极高的要求。三态内容寻址存储器(Ternary Content Addressable Memory,TCAM)因其快速规则匹配能力通常作为规则的缓存应用于SDN交换机中。规则缓存将大部分流量引导到高性能的硬件路径上,可以显著提升网络性能。然而,规则之间存在的依赖关系使得缓存的利用率变低。因此,合理的规则缓存算法对本就稀有的TCAM资源来说十分重要。聚焦规则间的依赖关系,该文提出了CacheBand规则缓存算法。该算法利用包围盒思想,通过对规则及当前流量的分析,智能产生绷带规则,切断了规则间的依赖关系。实验证明,在不同数据包速率下,与同类算法相比,CacheBand可减少约68%的缓存条目,显著降低了流表压力,为数据转发提供了可靠的缓存方案。展开更多
软件定义网络的转发控制分离、集中控制、开放接口等特性使网络变得灵活可控,其架构得到了充分的发展.由于与各种云化业务的良好结合,软件定义网络(software defined networking,SDN)在近些年来得到了大量的商业部署.在基于OpenFlow的SD...软件定义网络的转发控制分离、集中控制、开放接口等特性使网络变得灵活可控,其架构得到了充分的发展.由于与各种云化业务的良好结合,软件定义网络(software defined networking,SDN)在近些年来得到了大量的商业部署.在基于OpenFlow的SDN架构中,为了实现流表项的快速查找、掩码匹配等目标,商业部署的硬件交换机大多使用三态内容寻址存储器(ternary content addressable memory,TCAM)来存储控制器下发的流表项.但受限于TCAM的容量和价格,目前商用OpenFlow交换机至多能支持存储数万条流表项,导致其存在因突发流和流表攻击等原因而产生流表溢出问题,严重影响了网络性能.因此,如何建立高效的流表溢出缓解机制引起了研究人员的广泛关注.首先对OpenFlow交换机流表溢出问题产生的原因及其影响进行了分析,在此基础上按照流量突发和攻击行为2种情况归纳对比了流表溢出缓解技术的研究现状,总结分析了现有研究存在的问题与不足,并展望了未来的发展方向和面临的挑战.展开更多
文摘人工智能与物联网时代,大数据模型驱动的应用场景和计算任务层出不穷,极大促进了国家数字化发展.然而,传统冯·诺依曼(John von Neumann)体系架构的硬件系统由于存算分离的结构特点导致存储墙瓶颈,在数据密集型应用中消耗了大量的数据搬运成本,抑制了能效性能提升.存算一体技术是后摩尔(Moore)时代背离传统架构系统的新型计算范式,利用存储单元器件、电路内在特性,将基本的计算逻辑任务融入存储单元之中,从而消除数据搬运开销,有望实现智能计算硬件平台能效性能的显著提升.本文以契合存算一体技术的存储器件电路为切入点,概述基于传统互补金属氧化物半导体(complementary metal oxide semiconductor,CMOS)和新型非易失存储器件代表铁电晶体管的存算一体电路,并从器件、架构芯片、算法应用等层次讨论存算一体电路的跨层次协同设计优化方法.
基金Supported by the National High-Tech Research and De-velopment Plan of China (No. 2007AA01Z2a1)the Na-tional Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China (No. 2007CB307102)
文摘PIM-SM(Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode) is a main multicast routing pro-tocol in the IPv6(Internet Protocol version 6).It can use either a shared tree or a shortest path tree to deliver data packets,consequently the multicast IP lookup engine requires,in some cases,two searches to get a correct lookup result according to its multicast forwarding rule,and it may result in a new requirement of doubling the lookup speed of the lookup engine.The ordinary method to satisfy this requirement in TCAM(Ternary Content Addressable Memory) based lookup engines is to exploit parallelism among multiple TCAMs.However,traditional parallel methods always induce more re-sources and higher design difficulty.We propose in this paper a novel approach to solve this problem.By arranging multicast forwarding table in class sequence in TCAM and making full use of the intrinsic characteristic of the TCAM,our approach can get the right lookup result with just one search and a single TCAM,while keeping the hardware of lookup engine unchanged.Experimental results have shown that the approach make it possible to satisfy forwarding IPv6 multicast packets at the full link rate of 20 Gb/s with just one TCAM with the current TCAM chip.
