The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens. Activation of complement leads to robust and efficient proteolytic cascades, which terminate in opsonization and lysis of the ...The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens. Activation of complement leads to robust and efficient proteolytic cascades, which terminate in opsonization and lysis of the pathogen as well as in the generation of the classical inflammatory response through the production of potent proinflammatory molecules. More recently, however, the role of complement in the immune response has been expanded due to observations that link complement activation to adaptive immune responses. It is now appreciated that complement is a functional bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses that allows an integrated host defense to pathogenic challenges. As such, a study of its functions allows insight into the molecular underpinnings of host-pathogen interactions as well as the organization and orchestration of the host immune response. This review attempts to summarize the roles that complement plays in both innate and adaptive immune responses and the consequences of these interactions on host defense.展开更多
目的:应用寡核苷酸基因芯片技术,研究血瘀证患者差异基因表达谱。方法:16例血瘀证患者经冠状动脉造影诊断后,分为冠心病血瘀证组和非冠心病血瘀证组,每组8例;并选年龄和性别相匹配的8名健康人为健康对照组。抽取静脉血,分离白细胞,抽提R...目的:应用寡核苷酸基因芯片技术,研究血瘀证患者差异基因表达谱。方法:16例血瘀证患者经冠状动脉造影诊断后,分为冠心病血瘀证组和非冠心病血瘀证组,每组8例;并选年龄和性别相匹配的8名健康人为健康对照组。抽取静脉血,分离白细胞,抽提RNA,质控芯片(Test3芯片)对样本质量进行检测,然后与Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0芯片进行杂交,通过扫描和软件分析,比较冠心病血瘀证组、非冠心病血瘀证组与健康对照组的基因表达谱,筛选血瘀证相关差异基因,并进一步进行基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)和通路分析,使用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法对目标基因进行验证。结果:通过差异基因筛选,与血瘀证相关的差异基因共有48个,其中上调基因26个,下调基因22个;通过GO分析,其中与炎症免疫相关的基因有5个,占10.4%;通路分析结果显示,有意义的10条通路中有5个涉及炎症和免疫反应。经实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应验证了基因芯片准确可靠。结论:血瘀证基因表达谱研究显示了炎症和免疫相关基因的比例和显著性优势,说明炎症和免疫反应在一定程度上介导了血瘀证的发生发展。展开更多
文摘The complement system plays a crucial role in the innate defense against common pathogens. Activation of complement leads to robust and efficient proteolytic cascades, which terminate in opsonization and lysis of the pathogen as well as in the generation of the classical inflammatory response through the production of potent proinflammatory molecules. More recently, however, the role of complement in the immune response has been expanded due to observations that link complement activation to adaptive immune responses. It is now appreciated that complement is a functional bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses that allows an integrated host defense to pathogenic challenges. As such, a study of its functions allows insight into the molecular underpinnings of host-pathogen interactions as well as the organization and orchestration of the host immune response. This review attempts to summarize the roles that complement plays in both innate and adaptive immune responses and the consequences of these interactions on host defense.
文摘目的:应用寡核苷酸基因芯片技术,研究血瘀证患者差异基因表达谱。方法:16例血瘀证患者经冠状动脉造影诊断后,分为冠心病血瘀证组和非冠心病血瘀证组,每组8例;并选年龄和性别相匹配的8名健康人为健康对照组。抽取静脉血,分离白细胞,抽提RNA,质控芯片(Test3芯片)对样本质量进行检测,然后与Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0芯片进行杂交,通过扫描和软件分析,比较冠心病血瘀证组、非冠心病血瘀证组与健康对照组的基因表达谱,筛选血瘀证相关差异基因,并进一步进行基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)和通路分析,使用实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法对目标基因进行验证。结果:通过差异基因筛选,与血瘀证相关的差异基因共有48个,其中上调基因26个,下调基因22个;通过GO分析,其中与炎症免疫相关的基因有5个,占10.4%;通路分析结果显示,有意义的10条通路中有5个涉及炎症和免疫反应。经实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应验证了基因芯片准确可靠。结论:血瘀证基因表达谱研究显示了炎症和免疫相关基因的比例和显著性优势,说明炎症和免疫反应在一定程度上介导了血瘀证的发生发展。
