Recently, photothermal therapy （PTT） has attracted tremendous attention because of its high efficacy in tumor ablation and minimal damage to normal tissues. While many inorganic nanomaterials, especially various gol...Recently, photothermal therapy （PTT） has attracted tremendous attention because of its high efficacy in tumor ablation and minimal damage to normal tissues. While many inorganic nanomaterials, especially various gold nanostructures and nanocarbons, have been extensively explored for near-infrared （NIR） light triggered PTT in the past decade, a variety of organic photothermal agents have also emerged in recent years, aiming at replacing their inorganic counterparts which usually are not biodegradable. In this mini-review, we will summarize several typical classes of recently developed NIR-absorbing organic PTT nano- agents, which include NIR dye-containing micelles, porphysomes, protein-based agents, conjugated polymers, and organic/inorganic nanocomposites. The development of imaging-guided PTT and combination therapy will be introduced as well. Finally, the perspectives and challenges in the future development of PTT will be discussed.展开更多
Nanocomposites （NCs） consisting of a gold nanorod core and a mesoporous silica shell doped with hematoporphyrin （HP） have been fabricated in order to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment by combining phototh...Nanocomposites （NCs） consisting of a gold nanorod core and a mesoporous silica shell doped with hematoporphyrin （HP） have been fabricated in order to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment by combining photothermal and photodynamic therapies （PDT ＋ PTT） in vivo. In addition to the long-wavelength plasmon resonance near 810-830 nm, the fabricated NCs exhibited a 400-nm absorbance peak corresponding to bound HP, generated singlet oxygen under 633-nm excitation near the 632.5-nm Q-band, and produced heat under a 808-nm near-infrared （NIR） laser irradiation. These modalities were used for a combined PDT ＋ PTT treatment of large （about 3 cm3） solid tumors in vivo with a xenorafted tumor rat model. NCs were directly injected into tumors and irradiated simultaneously with 633-nm and 808-nm lasers to stimulate the combined photodynamic and photothermal activities of NCs. The efficiency of the combined therapy was evaluated by optical coherence tomography, histological analysis, and by measurements of the tumor volume growth during a 21-day period. The NC-mediated PDT led to weak changes in tissue histology and to a moderate 20% decrease in the tumor volume. In contrast, the combined PDT ＋ PTT treatment resulted in the large-area tumor necrosis and led to dramatic decrease in the tumor volume.展开更多
Chlorin e6-pHLIPss-AuNRs, a gold nanorod-photosensitizer conjugate containing a pH （low） insertion peptide （pHLIP） with a disulfide bond which imparts extracellular pH （pHe）-driven tumor targeting ability, has b...Chlorin e6-pHLIPss-AuNRs, a gold nanorod-photosensitizer conjugate containing a pH （low） insertion peptide （pHLIP） with a disulfide bond which imparts extracellular pH （pHe）-driven tumor targeting ability, has been successfully developed for bimodal photodynamic and photothermal therapy. In this bimodal therapy, chlorin e6 （Ce6）, a second-generation photosensitizer （PS）, is used for photodynamic therapy （PDT）. Gold nanorods （AuNRs） are used as a hyperthermia agent for photothermal therapy （PTT） and also as a nanocarrier and quencher of Ce6. pHLIPss is designed as a pile-driven targeting probe to enhance accumulation of Ce6 and AuNRs in cancer cells at low pH. In Ce6- pHLIPss-AuNRs, Ce6 is close to and quenched by AuNRs, causing little PDT effect. When exposed to normal physiological pH 7.4, Ce6-pHLIPs^-AuNRs loosely associate with the cell membrane. However, once exposed to acidic pH 6.2, pHLIP actively inserts into the cell membrane, and the conjugates are translocated into cells. When this occurs, Ce6 separates from the AuNRs as a result of disulfide bond cleavage caused by intracellular glutathione （GSH）, and singlet oxygen is produced for PDT upon light irradiation. In addition, as individual PTT agent, AuNRs can enhance the accumulation of PSs in the tumor by the enhanced permeation and retention （EPR） effect. Therefore, as indicated by our data, when exposed to acidic pH, Ce6-pHLIPss-AuNRs can achieve synergistic PTT/PDT bimodality for cancer treatment.展开更多
文摘Recently, photothermal therapy （PTT） has attracted tremendous attention because of its high efficacy in tumor ablation and minimal damage to normal tissues. While many inorganic nanomaterials, especially various gold nanostructures and nanocarbons, have been extensively explored for near-infrared （NIR） light triggered PTT in the past decade, a variety of organic photothermal agents have also emerged in recent years, aiming at replacing their inorganic counterparts which usually are not biodegradable. In this mini-review, we will summarize several typical classes of recently developed NIR-absorbing organic PTT nano- agents, which include NIR dye-containing micelles, porphysomes, protein-based agents, conjugated polymers, and organic/inorganic nanocomposites. The development of imaging-guided PTT and combination therapy will be introduced as well. Finally, the perspectives and challenges in the future development of PTT will be discussed.
文摘Nanocomposites （NCs） consisting of a gold nanorod core and a mesoporous silica shell doped with hematoporphyrin （HP） have been fabricated in order to improve the efficiency of cancer treatment by combining photothermal and photodynamic therapies （PDT ＋ PTT） in vivo. In addition to the long-wavelength plasmon resonance near 810-830 nm, the fabricated NCs exhibited a 400-nm absorbance peak corresponding to bound HP, generated singlet oxygen under 633-nm excitation near the 632.5-nm Q-band, and produced heat under a 808-nm near-infrared （NIR） laser irradiation. These modalities were used for a combined PDT ＋ PTT treatment of large （about 3 cm3） solid tumors in vivo with a xenorafted tumor rat model. NCs were directly injected into tumors and irradiated simultaneously with 633-nm and 808-nm lasers to stimulate the combined photodynamic and photothermal activities of NCs. The efficiency of the combined therapy was evaluated by optical coherence tomography, histological analysis, and by measurements of the tumor volume growth during a 21-day period. The NC-mediated PDT led to weak changes in tissue histology and to a moderate 20% decrease in the tumor volume. In contrast, the combined PDT ＋ PTT treatment resulted in the large-area tumor necrosis and led to dramatic decrease in the tumor volume.
文摘Chlorin e6-pHLIPss-AuNRs, a gold nanorod-photosensitizer conjugate containing a pH （low） insertion peptide （pHLIP） with a disulfide bond which imparts extracellular pH （pHe）-driven tumor targeting ability, has been successfully developed for bimodal photodynamic and photothermal therapy. In this bimodal therapy, chlorin e6 （Ce6）, a second-generation photosensitizer （PS）, is used for photodynamic therapy （PDT）. Gold nanorods （AuNRs） are used as a hyperthermia agent for photothermal therapy （PTT） and also as a nanocarrier and quencher of Ce6. pHLIPss is designed as a pile-driven targeting probe to enhance accumulation of Ce6 and AuNRs in cancer cells at low pH. In Ce6- pHLIPss-AuNRs, Ce6 is close to and quenched by AuNRs, causing little PDT effect. When exposed to normal physiological pH 7.4, Ce6-pHLIPs^-AuNRs loosely associate with the cell membrane. However, once exposed to acidic pH 6.2, pHLIP actively inserts into the cell membrane, and the conjugates are translocated into cells. When this occurs, Ce6 separates from the AuNRs as a result of disulfide bond cleavage caused by intracellular glutathione （GSH）, and singlet oxygen is produced for PDT upon light irradiation. In addition, as individual PTT agent, AuNRs can enhance the accumulation of PSs in the tumor by the enhanced permeation and retention （EPR） effect. Therefore, as indicated by our data, when exposed to acidic pH, Ce6-pHLIPss-AuNRs can achieve synergistic PTT/PDT bimodality for cancer treatment.
