This study conducted air particulate matter sampling to measure the total suspended particulate (TSP), PM 10 (particles<10 μmm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM 2 5 (particles<2 5 μmm in aerodynamic diameter) ma...This study conducted air particulate matter sampling to measure the total suspended particulate (TSP), PM 10 (particles<10 μmm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM 2 5 (particles<2 5 μmm in aerodynamic diameter) mass concentration at Tongan district in Xiamen. One hundred and nineteen samples were obtained to measure the mass concentrations of TSP, PM 10 and PM 2 5 during 15 April to 6 June 2002. According to these results, the TSP, PM 10 and PM 2 5 mass concentrations varied from 53 μg·m -3 (from 26 to 105 μg·m -3 ), 48 μg·m -3 (from 23 to 74 μg·m -3 ) and 41 μg·m -3 (from 18 to 62 μg·m -3 ), respectively. 18 elemental concentrations were determined by ICP MS, most elemental profiles were lower than previous studies. However, high levels of Pb and Zn indicate some pollutants existed in air particulate matter.展开更多
利用新型自然光气体熏蒸平台,以23个水稻品种或株系为供试材料,设置室内对照（10.4 n L·L-1）和臭氧浓度增高（100 n L·L-1）处理,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法,将供试材料按地上部最终生物量对臭氧胁迫的响应从小到大...利用新型自然光气体熏蒸平台,以23个水稻品种或株系为供试材料,设置室内对照（10.4 n L·L-1）和臭氧浓度增高（100 n L·L-1）处理,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法,将供试材料按地上部最终生物量对臭氧胁迫的响应从小到大依次分为A、B和C类,研究不同敏感类型水稻营养器官中元素浓度、吸收与分配对臭氧胁迫的响应。臭氧熏蒸使A、B和C三类水稻地上部生物量平均分别下降19%、39%和52%,后两者达极显著水平。与对照相比,臭氧胁迫使稻草中N、P、K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Cu和Zn浓度显著或极显著增加（5%~42%）,但对Ca浓度没有影响。与此相反,臭氧熏蒸使稻草中所有测定元素的吸收总量均呈下降趋势,其中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe和Zn吸收量的降幅均达极显著水平（11%~34%）。多数情形下,茎鞘各元素浓度和吸收量对臭氧胁迫的响应大于叶片。与此相对应,臭氧胁迫使水稻吸收的元素向叶片中分配的比例增加,而向茎鞘分配的比例减少,导致叶片与茎鞘元素吸收量的比值大幅增加（32%~92%）。臭氧与水稻类型的互作对营养器官各元素浓度以及元素在茎叶中的分配比例多无显著影响,但对元素吸收量的影响多达显著或极显著水平,后者表现为臭氧胁迫下敏感水稻元素吸收的受抑程度更大。研究结果表明,与干净空气相比,100 n L·L-1臭氧浓度对水稻营养器官中各元素浓度、吸收和分配多有显著影响,其中元素吸收量对臭氧胁迫的响应明显受水稻敏感程度的影响。展开更多
The mineralogy and trace element contents in coals from the West Bokaro coalfield, which is the one of the biggest Gondwana coalfields of India, were studied to delineate enrichment of trace elements and their modes o...The mineralogy and trace element contents in coals from the West Bokaro coalfield, which is the one of the biggest Gondwana coalfields of India, were studied to delineate enrichment of trace elements and their modes of occur- rence. Elemental concentrations with reference to their crustal abundances indicated that coals are relatively enriched in As （4.4-15.5 mg/kg）, Cd （0.3-3.0 mg/kg）, Cu （28.0-68.1 mg/kg） and V （46.6-178.0 mg/kg）; depleted in Co （10.8-28.4 mg/ kg）, Mn （7.6-483.4 mg/kg）, Ni （13.0-31.6 mg/kg）, Cr （14.2-85.5 mg/kg） and Zn （5.25-70.4 mg/kg）. The concentration of As, Cd, Co, Cu and V were higher than the average values of world and Indian coals. Mineralogical study carried out by X-ray diffraction shows that quartz and kaolinite occur as dominant mineral phases in this coal. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy pattern suggests organic structures primarily containing aromatic nuclei, aliphatic side chain and some oxygen containing groups. The modes of occurrence of trace elements present in these coals have been determined through statistical approach. Both Cu and Cr are more closely associated with mineral matter, whereas Co is dominantly present with its organic form. The concentrations of Cd, Mn, Ni, Zn, As and V have apparently occur in both organic and inorganic constituents. This study would be helpful to assess the potential environmental impacts during mining and combustion of this coal.展开更多
利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO2 Enrichment)系统平台,以武运粳23为供试材料,设置裂区试验,研究不同肥料处理下大气CO2浓度升高对常规粳稻产量性状和营养品质的影响。主区为CO2浓度,设置环境CO2浓度(Ambient)和高CO2浓度(增200μmol/mol)2...利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO2 Enrichment)系统平台,以武运粳23为供试材料,设置裂区试验,研究不同肥料处理下大气CO2浓度升高对常规粳稻产量性状和营养品质的影响。主区为CO2浓度,设置环境CO2浓度(Ambient)和高CO2浓度(增200μmol/mol)2个水平;裂区为施肥量,设置常规施肥和不施肥2个水平。结果表明,与Ambient相比,高CO2浓度环境下武运粳23籽粒产量略增,但未达显著水平;与常规施肥处理相比,不施肥处理显著减产(-34.0%),这主要是有效穗数大幅减少所致。大气CO2浓度升高使稻米蛋白质、K、P和S浓度显著下降,分别下降6.6%、6.7%、10.5%和11.7%,而Fe浓度显著上升(+12.6%)。与常规施肥相比,不施肥使稻米蛋白质、K、P、S、Mn浓度显著下降(最大降幅为26.1%),但植酸浓度显著增加(7.4%)。从单位土地面积上收获稻米营养组分的累积量看,大气CO2浓度升高对稻米营养组分累积量无显著影响(Ca除外),但不施肥处理使稻米除Ca外所有测定指标的累积量均显著下降(最大降幅达51.3%)。方差分析表明,CO2与肥料处理对稻米K、Mg、P、S、Zn、Fe浓度和Fe含量均有不同程度的交互作用。以上数据表明,高CO2浓度环境下武运粳23产量略有增加,但稻米矿质元素浓度呈一致下降趋势(除Cu、Fe外);不施肥使籽粒产量和元素累积量均大幅下降,但植酸浓度显著增加;CO2与肥料处理对部分稻米矿质元素浓度和累积量有显著的交互作用。展开更多
文摘This study conducted air particulate matter sampling to measure the total suspended particulate (TSP), PM 10 (particles<10 μmm in aerodynamic diameter) and PM 2 5 (particles<2 5 μmm in aerodynamic diameter) mass concentration at Tongan district in Xiamen. One hundred and nineteen samples were obtained to measure the mass concentrations of TSP, PM 10 and PM 2 5 during 15 April to 6 June 2002. According to these results, the TSP, PM 10 and PM 2 5 mass concentrations varied from 53 μg·m -3 (from 26 to 105 μg·m -3 ), 48 μg·m -3 (from 23 to 74 μg·m -3 ) and 41 μg·m -3 (from 18 to 62 μg·m -3 ), respectively. 18 elemental concentrations were determined by ICP MS, most elemental profiles were lower than previous studies. However, high levels of Pb and Zn indicate some pollutants existed in air particulate matter.
文摘利用新型自然光气体熏蒸平台,以23个水稻品种或株系为供试材料,设置室内对照（10.4 n L·L-1）和臭氧浓度增高（100 n L·L-1）处理,采用组内最小平方和的动态聚类方法,将供试材料按地上部最终生物量对臭氧胁迫的响应从小到大依次分为A、B和C类,研究不同敏感类型水稻营养器官中元素浓度、吸收与分配对臭氧胁迫的响应。臭氧熏蒸使A、B和C三类水稻地上部生物量平均分别下降19%、39%和52%,后两者达极显著水平。与对照相比,臭氧胁迫使稻草中N、P、K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Cu和Zn浓度显著或极显著增加（5%~42%）,但对Ca浓度没有影响。与此相反,臭氧熏蒸使稻草中所有测定元素的吸收总量均呈下降趋势,其中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe和Zn吸收量的降幅均达极显著水平（11%~34%）。多数情形下,茎鞘各元素浓度和吸收量对臭氧胁迫的响应大于叶片。与此相对应,臭氧胁迫使水稻吸收的元素向叶片中分配的比例增加,而向茎鞘分配的比例减少,导致叶片与茎鞘元素吸收量的比值大幅增加（32%~92%）。臭氧与水稻类型的互作对营养器官各元素浓度以及元素在茎叶中的分配比例多无显著影响,但对元素吸收量的影响多达显著或极显著水平,后者表现为臭氧胁迫下敏感水稻元素吸收的受抑程度更大。研究结果表明,与干净空气相比,100 n L·L-1臭氧浓度对水稻营养器官中各元素浓度、吸收和分配多有显著影响,其中元素吸收量对臭氧胁迫的响应明显受水稻敏感程度的影响。
文摘The mineralogy and trace element contents in coals from the West Bokaro coalfield, which is the one of the biggest Gondwana coalfields of India, were studied to delineate enrichment of trace elements and their modes of occur- rence. Elemental concentrations with reference to their crustal abundances indicated that coals are relatively enriched in As （4.4-15.5 mg/kg）, Cd （0.3-3.0 mg/kg）, Cu （28.0-68.1 mg/kg） and V （46.6-178.0 mg/kg）; depleted in Co （10.8-28.4 mg/ kg）, Mn （7.6-483.4 mg/kg）, Ni （13.0-31.6 mg/kg）, Cr （14.2-85.5 mg/kg） and Zn （5.25-70.4 mg/kg）. The concentration of As, Cd, Co, Cu and V were higher than the average values of world and Indian coals. Mineralogical study carried out by X-ray diffraction shows that quartz and kaolinite occur as dominant mineral phases in this coal. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy pattern suggests organic structures primarily containing aromatic nuclei, aliphatic side chain and some oxygen containing groups. The modes of occurrence of trace elements present in these coals have been determined through statistical approach. Both Cu and Cr are more closely associated with mineral matter, whereas Co is dominantly present with its organic form. The concentrations of Cd, Mn, Ni, Zn, As and V have apparently occur in both organic and inorganic constituents. This study would be helpful to assess the potential environmental impacts during mining and combustion of this coal.
文摘利用稻田FACE(Free Air CO2 Enrichment)系统平台,以武运粳23为供试材料,设置裂区试验,研究不同肥料处理下大气CO2浓度升高对常规粳稻产量性状和营养品质的影响。主区为CO2浓度,设置环境CO2浓度(Ambient)和高CO2浓度(增200μmol/mol)2个水平;裂区为施肥量,设置常规施肥和不施肥2个水平。结果表明,与Ambient相比,高CO2浓度环境下武运粳23籽粒产量略增,但未达显著水平;与常规施肥处理相比,不施肥处理显著减产(-34.0%),这主要是有效穗数大幅减少所致。大气CO2浓度升高使稻米蛋白质、K、P和S浓度显著下降,分别下降6.6%、6.7%、10.5%和11.7%,而Fe浓度显著上升(+12.6%)。与常规施肥相比,不施肥使稻米蛋白质、K、P、S、Mn浓度显著下降(最大降幅为26.1%),但植酸浓度显著增加(7.4%)。从单位土地面积上收获稻米营养组分的累积量看,大气CO2浓度升高对稻米营养组分累积量无显著影响(Ca除外),但不施肥处理使稻米除Ca外所有测定指标的累积量均显著下降(最大降幅达51.3%)。方差分析表明,CO2与肥料处理对稻米K、Mg、P、S、Zn、Fe浓度和Fe含量均有不同程度的交互作用。以上数据表明,高CO2浓度环境下武运粳23产量略有增加,但稻米矿质元素浓度呈一致下降趋势(除Cu、Fe外);不施肥使籽粒产量和元素累积量均大幅下降,但植酸浓度显著增加;CO2与肥料处理对部分稻米矿质元素浓度和累积量有显著的交互作用。
