In recent years,numerous classes of carbon-based nanomaterials,such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),carbon dots(CDs),graphene and its derivatives,graphene quantum dots(GQDs)and fullerene,have been deeply explored for potent...In recent years,numerous classes of carbon-based nanomaterials,such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),carbon dots(CDs),graphene and its derivatives,graphene quantum dots(GQDs)and fullerene,have been deeply explored for potential applications in the biological fields,e.g.,bioimaging[1-5],biosensing[6,7],drug nanocarrier[8-12],etc.,owing to their unique and alluring physical and chemical properties.Among them,GQDs are a subject of interesting and promising research with many advantages such as strong signal strength,resistance to photobleaching,tunable fluorescence emissions,high sensitivity and biocompatibility[13-35].Compared with those semiconductor QDs,GQDs have remarkable superior让y in low toxicity,excellent biocompatibility,low cost,and abundance of original materials in nature[36].High quality GQDs have a wide range of applications,such as light emitting diodes(LEDs)[37,38],solar cells[39,40]and photocatalysis[41,42],aside from biological fields.Up to now,various GQDs with different photoluminescent(PL)colors have been synthesized by two dominating approaches including top-down and bottomup methods.The top-down method refers to cutting bulk carbon materials into nanoscale-carbon materials by necessary physical and chemical processes[43].展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21371115,11025526,1175107,21101104 and 11422542)Shanghai University-Universal Medical Imaging Diagnostic Research Foundation(19H00100)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT13078)
文摘In recent years,numerous classes of carbon-based nanomaterials,such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs),carbon dots(CDs),graphene and its derivatives,graphene quantum dots(GQDs)and fullerene,have been deeply explored for potential applications in the biological fields,e.g.,bioimaging[1-5],biosensing[6,7],drug nanocarrier[8-12],etc.,owing to their unique and alluring physical and chemical properties.Among them,GQDs are a subject of interesting and promising research with many advantages such as strong signal strength,resistance to photobleaching,tunable fluorescence emissions,high sensitivity and biocompatibility[13-35].Compared with those semiconductor QDs,GQDs have remarkable superior让y in low toxicity,excellent biocompatibility,low cost,and abundance of original materials in nature[36].High quality GQDs have a wide range of applications,such as light emitting diodes(LEDs)[37,38],solar cells[39,40]and photocatalysis[41,42],aside from biological fields.Up to now,various GQDs with different photoluminescent(PL)colors have been synthesized by two dominating approaches including top-down and bottomup methods.The top-down method refers to cutting bulk carbon materials into nanoscale-carbon materials by necessary physical and chemical processes[43].
