The long-term goal of artificial intelligence （AI） is to make machines learn and think like human beings. Due to the high levels of uncertainty and vulnerability in human life and the open-ended nature of problems t...The long-term goal of artificial intelligence （AI） is to make machines learn and think like human beings. Due to the high levels of uncertainty and vulnerability in human life and the open-ended nature of problems that humans are facing, no matter how intelligent machines are, they are unable to completely replace humans. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce human cognitive capabilities or human-like cognitive models into AI systems to develop a new form of AI, that is, hybrid-augmented intelligence. This form of AI or machine intelligence is a feasible and important developing model. Hybrid-augmented intelligence can be divided into two basic models： one is human-in-the-loop augmented intelligence with human-computer collaboration, and the other is cognitive computing based augmented intelligence, in which a cognitive model is embedded in the machine learning system. This survey describes a basic framework for human-computer collaborative hybrid-augmented intelligence, and the basic elements of hybrid-augmented intelligence based on cognitive computing. These elements include intuitive reasoning, causal models, evolution of memory and knowledge, especially the role and basic principles of intuitive reasoning for complex problem solving, and the cognitive learning framework for visual scene understanding based on memory and reasoning. Several typical applications of hybrid-augmented intelligence in related fields are given.展开更多
为解决城市"复杂巨系统"组织运行中的人-机-物协同融合等共性问题,构建面向智慧城市应用服务的通用平台,结合智慧系统基础理论研究,通过对IBM(International Business Machines Corporation)、阿里云计算有限公司、华为技术...为解决城市"复杂巨系统"组织运行中的人-机-物协同融合等共性问题,构建面向智慧城市应用服务的通用平台,结合智慧系统基础理论研究,通过对IBM(International Business Machines Corporation)、阿里云计算有限公司、华为技术有限公司及北京易华录信息技术股份有限公司等中外企业智慧系统在智慧城市中的实际应用分析,明确了智慧系统的基本内涵与特征,提出了智慧系统的通用组成,开展了智慧系统体系架构的设计,并从感、传、智、用4个系统单元设计技术和一个系统总体设计技术角度,全面阐述了智慧系统面向智慧城市应用的前沿技术体系构成及其应用方向,为智慧系统的设计提供了技术指引和系统构建参考。展开更多
基金Project supported by the Chinese Academy of Engi- neering, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. L1522023）, the National Basic Research Program （973） of China （No. 2015CB351703）, and the National Key Research and Development Plan （Nos. 2016YFB1001004 and 2016YFB1000903）
文摘The long-term goal of artificial intelligence （AI） is to make machines learn and think like human beings. Due to the high levels of uncertainty and vulnerability in human life and the open-ended nature of problems that humans are facing, no matter how intelligent machines are, they are unable to completely replace humans. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce human cognitive capabilities or human-like cognitive models into AI systems to develop a new form of AI, that is, hybrid-augmented intelligence. This form of AI or machine intelligence is a feasible and important developing model. Hybrid-augmented intelligence can be divided into two basic models： one is human-in-the-loop augmented intelligence with human-computer collaboration, and the other is cognitive computing based augmented intelligence, in which a cognitive model is embedded in the machine learning system. This survey describes a basic framework for human-computer collaborative hybrid-augmented intelligence, and the basic elements of hybrid-augmented intelligence based on cognitive computing. These elements include intuitive reasoning, causal models, evolution of memory and knowledge, especially the role and basic principles of intuitive reasoning for complex problem solving, and the cognitive learning framework for visual scene understanding based on memory and reasoning. Several typical applications of hybrid-augmented intelligence in related fields are given.
文摘为解决城市"复杂巨系统"组织运行中的人-机-物协同融合等共性问题,构建面向智慧城市应用服务的通用平台,结合智慧系统基础理论研究,通过对IBM(International Business Machines Corporation)、阿里云计算有限公司、华为技术有限公司及北京易华录信息技术股份有限公司等中外企业智慧系统在智慧城市中的实际应用分析,明确了智慧系统的基本内涵与特征,提出了智慧系统的通用组成,开展了智慧系统体系架构的设计,并从感、传、智、用4个系统单元设计技术和一个系统总体设计技术角度,全面阐述了智慧系统面向智慧城市应用的前沿技术体系构成及其应用方向,为智慧系统的设计提供了技术指引和系统构建参考。
