Existing standards show a clear discrepancy in the specification of the maximum proton energy for qualified ground-based evaluation of single-event effects,which can range from 180 to 500 MeV. This work finds that the...Existing standards show a clear discrepancy in the specification of the maximum proton energy for qualified ground-based evaluation of single-event effects,which can range from 180 to 500 MeV. This work finds that the threshold linear energy transfer of a tested device is a critical parameter for determining the maximum proton energy. The inner mechanisms are further revealed. Highenergy deposition events(>10 MeV) in sensitive volumes are attributed to the interaction between protons and the tungsten vias in the metallization layers.展开更多
Experimental evidence is presented relevant to the angular dependences of multiple-bit upset （MBU） rates and patterns in static random access memories （SRAMs） under heavy ion irradiation. The single event upset （...Experimental evidence is presented relevant to the angular dependences of multiple-bit upset （MBU） rates and patterns in static random access memories （SRAMs） under heavy ion irradiation. The single event upset （SEU） cross sections under tilted ion strikes are overestimated by 23.9%-84.6%, compared with under normally incident ion with the equivalent linear energy transfer （LET） value of 41 MeV/（mg/cm2）, which can be partially explained by the fact that the MBU rate for tilted ions of 30° is 8.5%-9.8% higher than for normally incident ions. While at a lower LET of - 9.5 MeV/（mg/cm2）, no clear discrepancy is observed. Moreover, since the ion trajectories at normal and tilted incidences are different, the predominant double-bit upset （DBU） patterns measured are different in both conditions. Those differences depend on the LET values of heavy ions and devices under test. Thus, effective LET method should be used carefully in ground-based testing of single event effects （SEE） sensitivity, especially in MBU-sensitive devices.展开更多
Summary What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health ...Summary What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health issues.What is added by this report?Conditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,and found that students vomiting at school or kindergarten,case activity in public areas,and the first case’s classroom less than 5 meters from toilets were risk factors.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective measures to address these factors can help reduce the risk of norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.展开更多
Dans le cadre d'un effort significatif visantàrenforcer la collaboration internationale en matière déducation.la Chine a réaffirméson engagement en faveur du développement du secteur ...Dans le cadre d'un effort significatif visantàrenforcer la collaboration internationale en matière déducation.la Chine a réaffirméson engagement en faveur du développement du secteur de l'enseignement et de la forma lion techniques et professionnels(EFTP)au Rwanda.Cette initiative se matérialise par la signature de deux lettres d lntentlon entre l'École polytechnique du Rwanda et de prestigieuses institutions chinoises,témoignant d'un engagement communàaméliorer le développement des compétences etàstimuler la croissanceéconomique.展开更多
A Shenzhen.une ville phare du Guangdong en matière d'innovation technologique,les habitants ont récemment intégréles hélicoptèresàleur palette de transports en tant que«taxi...A Shenzhen.une ville phare du Guangdong en matière d'innovation technologique,les habitants ont récemment intégréles hélicoptèresàleur palette de transports en tant que«taxis aériens».Ces derniers coexistent avec I les bus.les taxis traditionnels et le métro.展开更多
Scarlet fever(SF)is a common infectious disease caused by group A streptococcus(GAS)[1].During the 18th and 19th centuries,SF was a significant cause of mortality in children aged 5-15 years worldwide[2].The incidence...Scarlet fever(SF)is a common infectious disease caused by group A streptococcus(GAS)[1].During the 18th and 19th centuries,SF was a significant cause of mortality in children aged 5-15 years worldwide[2].The incidence and fatality rates of SF have decreased remarkably due to the widespread use of effective antibiotics and improvements in diet and sanitation[3].However,the recent resurgence of SF has sparked significant interest in infectious diseases[1,3].Given the insufficient understanding of the triggers that cause SF outbreaks and the absence of available vaccines to prevent GAS infection to date[1],effective prevention and control programs are needed to manage the ongoing spread of SF.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11505033)the Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong,China(Nos.2015B090901048 and 2017B090901068)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou,China(No.201707010186)
文摘Existing standards show a clear discrepancy in the specification of the maximum proton energy for qualified ground-based evaluation of single-event effects,which can range from 180 to 500 MeV. This work finds that the threshold linear energy transfer of a tested device is a critical parameter for determining the maximum proton energy. The inner mechanisms are further revealed. Highenergy deposition events(>10 MeV) in sensitive volumes are attributed to the interaction between protons and the tungsten vias in the metallization layers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11179003,10975164,10805062,and 11005134)
文摘Experimental evidence is presented relevant to the angular dependences of multiple-bit upset （MBU） rates and patterns in static random access memories （SRAMs） under heavy ion irradiation. The single event upset （SEU） cross sections under tilted ion strikes are overestimated by 23.9%-84.6%, compared with under normally incident ion with the equivalent linear energy transfer （LET） value of 41 MeV/（mg/cm2）, which can be partially explained by the fact that the MBU rate for tilted ions of 30° is 8.5%-9.8% higher than for normally incident ions. While at a lower LET of - 9.5 MeV/（mg/cm2）, no clear discrepancy is observed. Moreover, since the ion trajectories at normal and tilted incidences are different, the predominant double-bit upset （DBU） patterns measured are different in both conditions. Those differences depend on the LET values of heavy ions and devices under test. Thus, effective LET method should be used carefully in ground-based testing of single event effects （SEE） sensitivity, especially in MBU-sensitive devices.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Programme of China(2021ZD0114103),Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2022-1G-3014)High-level Public Health Technical Talents Construction Project(Academic Leader 02-07)。
文摘Summary What is already known on this topic?Norovirus is the leading cause of global acute gastroenteritis outbreaks.Norovirus outbreaks mainly occur in schools and kindergartens in China,always causing public health issues.What is added by this report?Conditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors for norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens,and found that students vomiting at school or kindergarten,case activity in public areas,and the first case’s classroom less than 5 meters from toilets were risk factors.What are the implications for public health practice?Effective measures to address these factors can help reduce the risk of norovirus outbreaks in schools and kindergartens.
文摘Dans le cadre d'un effort significatif visantàrenforcer la collaboration internationale en matière déducation.la Chine a réaffirméson engagement en faveur du développement du secteur de l'enseignement et de la forma lion techniques et professionnels(EFTP)au Rwanda.Cette initiative se matérialise par la signature de deux lettres d lntentlon entre l'École polytechnique du Rwanda et de prestigieuses institutions chinoises,témoignant d'un engagement communàaméliorer le développement des compétences etàstimuler la croissanceéconomique.
文摘A Shenzhen.une ville phare du Guangdong en matière d'innovation technologique,les habitants ont récemment intégréles hélicoptèresàleur palette de transports en tant que«taxis aériens».Ces derniers coexistent avec I les bus.les taxis traditionnels et le métro.
基金supported by the Key Scientific Research Project of Universities in Henan(21A330004)Supported by the Open Project Program of the First Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University(XZZX2022002).
文摘Scarlet fever(SF)is a common infectious disease caused by group A streptococcus(GAS)[1].During the 18th and 19th centuries,SF was a significant cause of mortality in children aged 5-15 years worldwide[2].The incidence and fatality rates of SF have decreased remarkably due to the widespread use of effective antibiotics and improvements in diet and sanitation[3].However,the recent resurgence of SF has sparked significant interest in infectious diseases[1,3].Given the insufficient understanding of the triggers that cause SF outbreaks and the absence of available vaccines to prevent GAS infection to date[1],effective prevention and control programs are needed to manage the ongoing spread of SF.
