Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20%of the population across the world.Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human,little is known about its pat...Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20%of the population across the world.Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human,little is known about its pathogenesis.One of the major reasons is the restricted availability of validated animal models due to the absence of consensus on the pathology and etiology of depression.Besides,some core symptoms such as depressed mood,feeling of worthlessness,and recurring thoughts of death or suicide,are impossible to be modeled on laboratory animals.Currently,the criteria for identifying animal models of depression rely on either of the 2 principles：actions of known antidepressants and responses to stress.This review mainly focuses on the most widely used animal models of depression,including learned helplessness,chronic mild stress,and social defeat paradigms.Also,the behavioral tests for screening antidepressants,such as forced swimming test and tail suspension test,are also discussed.The advantages and major drawbacks of each model are evaluated.In prospective,new techniques that will be beneficial for developing novel animal models or detecting depression are discussed.展开更多
To investigate the behavioral and biomolecular similarity between neuralgia and depression, a trigeminal neuralgia （TN） mouse model was established by constriction of the infraorbital nerve （CION） to mimic clinica...To investigate the behavioral and biomolecular similarity between neuralgia and depression, a trigeminal neuralgia （TN） mouse model was established by constriction of the infraorbital nerve （CION） to mimic clinical trigeminal neuropathic pain. A mouse learned helplessness （LH） model was developed to investigate inescapable footshock-induced psychiatric disorders like depression in humans. Mass spectrometry was used to assess changes in the biomolecules and signaling pathways in the hip- pocampus from TN or LH mice. TN mice developed not only significant mechanical allodynia but also depressive- like behaviors （mainly behavioral despair） at 2 weeks after CION, similar to LH mice. MS analysis demonstrated common and distinctive protein changes in the hippocampus between groups. Many protein function families （such as cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, and cell assembly and organization,） and signaling pathways （e.g., the Huntington＇s disease pathway） were involved in chronic neuralgia and depression. Together, these results demonstrated that the LH and TN models both develop depressive-like behaviors, and revealed the involvement of manypsychiatric disorder-related biomolecules/pathways in the pathogenesis of TN and LH.展开更多
文章以Web of Science中的数据库为情报源,分析SSCI收录的3种期刊学、编辑学和出版学专业期刊《Learned Publishing》（LP）、《Journal of Scholarly Publishing》（JSP）、《Serials Review》（SR）在2007—2016年发表的高被引论文（...文章以Web of Science中的数据库为情报源,分析SSCI收录的3种期刊学、编辑学和出版学专业期刊《Learned Publishing》（LP）、《Journal of Scholarly Publishing》（JSP）、《Serials Review》（SR）在2007—2016年发表的高被引论文（共计133篇）,探讨高被引论文的年度分布、研究主题、文献类型及作者国别等,希望能在科学量化指标的基础上,揭示国外编辑出版类期刊高被引论文的特点,为国内编辑出版类期刊的栏目策划、选题组稿等提供借鉴,也为编辑出版学研究提供参考。展开更多
Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a system...Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.展开更多
The query processing in distributed database management systems(DBMS)faces more challenges,such as more operators,and more factors in cost models and meta-data,than that in a single-node DMBS,in which query optimizati...The query processing in distributed database management systems(DBMS)faces more challenges,such as more operators,and more factors in cost models and meta-data,than that in a single-node DMBS,in which query optimization is already an NP-hard problem.Learned query optimizers(mainly in the single-node DBMS)receive attention due to its capability to capture data distributions and flexible ways to avoid hard-craft rules in refinement and adaptation to new hardware.In this paper,we focus on extensions of learned query optimizers to distributed DBMSs.Specifically,we propose one possible but general architecture of the learned query optimizer in the distributed context and highlight differences from the learned optimizer in the single-node ones.In addition,we discuss the challenges and possible solutions.展开更多
The appearance and wide use of memory hardware bring significant changes to the conventional vertical memory hierarchy that fails to handle contentions for shared hardware resources and expensive data movements.To dea...The appearance and wide use of memory hardware bring significant changes to the conventional vertical memory hierarchy that fails to handle contentions for shared hardware resources and expensive data movements.To deal with these problems,existing schemes have to rely on inefficient scheduling strategies that also cause extra temporal,spatial and bandwidth overheads.Based on the insights that the shared hardware resources trend to be uniformly and hierarchically offered to the requests for co-located applications in memory systems,we present an efficient abstraction of memory hierarchies,called Label,which is used to establish the connection between the application layer and underlying hardware layer.Based on labels,our paper proposes LaMem,a labeled,resource-isolated and cross-tiered memory system by leveraging the way-based partitioning technique for shared resources to guarantee QoS demands of applications,while supporting fast and low-overhead cache repartitioning technique.Besides,we customize LaMem for the learned index that fundamentally replaces storage structures with computation models as a case study to verify the applicability of LaMem.Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of LaMem.展开更多
以Web of Science中的SSCI数据库为情报源,对近10年SSCI收录的3种国际编辑出版类期刊Journal of Scholarly Publishing(JSP)、Learned Publishing(LP)、Serials Review(SR)发表的1200篇文献进行分析,从文献的年代与类型、国家/地区、机...以Web of Science中的SSCI数据库为情报源,对近10年SSCI收录的3种国际编辑出版类期刊Journal of Scholarly Publishing(JSP)、Learned Publishing(LP)、Serials Review(SR)发表的1200篇文献进行分析,从文献的年代与类型、国家/地区、机构、作者分布等方面全面分析了国际编辑出版类期刊发表文献的现状,并提出相关建议。研究发现,近10年来,国际范围内编辑出版领域文献发文量和影响力总体呈现逐年增长的趋势;美、英在编辑出版学领域的研究占有明显优势,其相关研究机构、作者群体均具有较强的研究能力;而中国在编辑出版学领域的研究水平有增长的趋势,但和美、英有很大差距。中国应加强与欧美发达国家和地区编辑出版学术机构的合作与交流。展开更多
Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.Howev...Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.However,the accessibility of high-quality forestry education to address changing regional and global contexts is lacking.A series of innovative sustainable forest management(SFM)open education resource(OER)courses were developed and implemented to improve the accessibility of SFM education to enhance teaching quality,curriculum,and research capacity of universities in the Asia-Pacifi c Region.To evaluate the SFM-OER program in terms of student experiences,this study investigated student achievement,perceived success of the pedagogical approach and instructional design,and perceived eff ectiveness of the learning activities in promoting active and transformative learning through the assessment of a 1,191-course feedback survey between 2018 and 2020,including the global pandemic.This study revealed that the program attracted diverse student demographics,including a higher proportion of female students majoring in forestry,ecology,and other environmental studies.Their primary motivation to participate in the courses was to gain international experience,followed by the fl exibility of online learning,mandatory course requirements,and earning course credits.Students were satisfi ed with the Canvas learning management system.Most students spent less than 5 to 10 h of their weekly time in the course and agreed or strongly agreed that the workloads were manageable.Students refl ected positively on various learning activities and assignments,such as watching lecture videos,taking quizzes,reading and summarizing,having discussions,and peer review writing.However,they did not clearly prefer specifi c learning activities,signifying the importance of using diverse learning activities to satisfy diverse individual learning styles in online settings.This analysis contributes to the further development of student-center展开更多
Exercise is a potent force of nature with significant potential for extending longevity and boosting physical fitness. It is also be- ing increasingly used as a prophylactic and curative measure for various physical a...Exercise is a potent force of nature with significant potential for extending longevity and boosting physical fitness. It is also be- ing increasingly used as a prophylactic and curative measure for various physical ailments, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.展开更多
This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together w...This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become 'Lessons Learned' and they were identified again within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam,and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable long-term framework—an earthquake culture.展开更多
文摘Depression is a chronic,recurring and potentially life-threatening illness that affects up to 20%of the population across the world.Despite its prevalence and considerable impact on human,little is known about its pathogenesis.One of the major reasons is the restricted availability of validated animal models due to the absence of consensus on the pathology and etiology of depression.Besides,some core symptoms such as depressed mood,feeling of worthlessness,and recurring thoughts of death or suicide,are impossible to be modeled on laboratory animals.Currently,the criteria for identifying animal models of depression rely on either of the 2 principles：actions of known antidepressants and responses to stress.This review mainly focuses on the most widely used animal models of depression,including learned helplessness,chronic mild stress,and social defeat paradigms.Also,the behavioral tests for screening antidepressants,such as forced swimming test and tail suspension test,are also discussed.The advantages and major drawbacks of each model are evaluated.In prospective,new techniques that will be beneficial for developing novel animal models or detecting depression are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31421091,81471130,31371123 and 31420103903)a Development Project of Shanghai Peak Disciplines Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine,China
文摘To investigate the behavioral and biomolecular similarity between neuralgia and depression, a trigeminal neuralgia （TN） mouse model was established by constriction of the infraorbital nerve （CION） to mimic clinical trigeminal neuropathic pain. A mouse learned helplessness （LH） model was developed to investigate inescapable footshock-induced psychiatric disorders like depression in humans. Mass spectrometry was used to assess changes in the biomolecules and signaling pathways in the hip- pocampus from TN or LH mice. TN mice developed not only significant mechanical allodynia but also depressive- like behaviors （mainly behavioral despair） at 2 weeks after CION, similar to LH mice. MS analysis demonstrated common and distinctive protein changes in the hippocampus between groups. Many protein function families （such as cell-to-cell signaling and interaction, and cell assembly and organization,） and signaling pathways （e.g., the Huntington＇s disease pathway） were involved in chronic neuralgia and depression. Together, these results demonstrated that the LH and TN models both develop depressive-like behaviors, and revealed the involvement of manypsychiatric disorder-related biomolecules/pathways in the pathogenesis of TN and LH.
文摘文章以Web of Science中的数据库为情报源,分析SSCI收录的3种期刊学、编辑学和出版学专业期刊《Learned Publishing》（LP）、《Journal of Scholarly Publishing》（JSP）、《Serials Review》（SR）在2007—2016年发表的高被引论文（共计133篇）,探讨高被引论文的年度分布、研究主题、文献类型及作者国别等,希望能在科学量化指标的基础上,揭示国外编辑出版类期刊高被引论文的特点,为国内编辑出版类期刊的栏目策划、选题组稿等提供借鉴,也为编辑出版学研究提供参考。
文摘Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.
基金partially supported by NSFC under Grant Nos.61832001 and 62272008ZTE Industry-University-Institute Fund Project。
文摘The query processing in distributed database management systems(DBMS)faces more challenges,such as more operators,and more factors in cost models and meta-data,than that in a single-node DMBS,in which query optimization is already an NP-hard problem.Learned query optimizers(mainly in the single-node DBMS)receive attention due to its capability to capture data distributions and flexible ways to avoid hard-craft rules in refinement and adaptation to new hardware.In this paper,we focus on extensions of learned query optimizers to distributed DBMSs.Specifically,we propose one possible but general architecture of the learned query optimizer in the distributed context and highlight differences from the learned optimizer in the single-node ones.In addition,we discuss the challenges and possible solutions.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62125202).
文摘The appearance and wide use of memory hardware bring significant changes to the conventional vertical memory hierarchy that fails to handle contentions for shared hardware resources and expensive data movements.To deal with these problems,existing schemes have to rely on inefficient scheduling strategies that also cause extra temporal,spatial and bandwidth overheads.Based on the insights that the shared hardware resources trend to be uniformly and hierarchically offered to the requests for co-located applications in memory systems,we present an efficient abstraction of memory hierarchies,called Label,which is used to establish the connection between the application layer and underlying hardware layer.Based on labels,our paper proposes LaMem,a labeled,resource-isolated and cross-tiered memory system by leveraging the way-based partitioning technique for shared resources to guarantee QoS demands of applications,while supporting fast and low-overhead cache repartitioning technique.Besides,we customize LaMem for the learned index that fundamentally replaces storage structures with computation models as a case study to verify the applicability of LaMem.Experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and efficacy of LaMem.
文摘以Web of Science中的SSCI数据库为情报源,对近10年SSCI收录的3种国际编辑出版类期刊Journal of Scholarly Publishing(JSP)、Learned Publishing(LP)、Serials Review(SR)发表的1200篇文献进行分析,从文献的年代与类型、国家/地区、机构、作者分布等方面全面分析了国际编辑出版类期刊发表文献的现状,并提出相关建议。研究发现,近10年来,国际范围内编辑出版领域文献发文量和影响力总体呈现逐年增长的趋势;美、英在编辑出版学领域的研究占有明显优势,其相关研究机构、作者群体均具有较强的研究能力;而中国在编辑出版学领域的研究水平有增长的趋势,但和美、英有很大差距。中国应加强与欧美发达国家和地区编辑出版学术机构的合作与交流。
基金Asia-Pacifi c Network for Sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation SFM-ORE-2018。
文摘Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.However,the accessibility of high-quality forestry education to address changing regional and global contexts is lacking.A series of innovative sustainable forest management(SFM)open education resource(OER)courses were developed and implemented to improve the accessibility of SFM education to enhance teaching quality,curriculum,and research capacity of universities in the Asia-Pacifi c Region.To evaluate the SFM-OER program in terms of student experiences,this study investigated student achievement,perceived success of the pedagogical approach and instructional design,and perceived eff ectiveness of the learning activities in promoting active and transformative learning through the assessment of a 1,191-course feedback survey between 2018 and 2020,including the global pandemic.This study revealed that the program attracted diverse student demographics,including a higher proportion of female students majoring in forestry,ecology,and other environmental studies.Their primary motivation to participate in the courses was to gain international experience,followed by the fl exibility of online learning,mandatory course requirements,and earning course credits.Students were satisfi ed with the Canvas learning management system.Most students spent less than 5 to 10 h of their weekly time in the course and agreed or strongly agreed that the workloads were manageable.Students refl ected positively on various learning activities and assignments,such as watching lecture videos,taking quizzes,reading and summarizing,having discussions,and peer review writing.However,they did not clearly prefer specifi c learning activities,signifying the importance of using diverse learning activities to satisfy diverse individual learning styles in online settings.This analysis contributes to the further development of student-center
文摘Exercise is a potent force of nature with significant potential for extending longevity and boosting physical fitness. It is also be- ing increasingly used as a prophylactic and curative measure for various physical ailments, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
基金financial support from the International Centre for Geohazards (ICG)/ Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Oslo, Norway for the research and field trips to Iran
文摘This article addresses three large earthquake disasters in Iran: Tabas in 1978, Rudbar in 1990, and Bam in 2003. Lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from these three earthquake disasters were investigated together with their contributions over time towards earthquake disaster risk reduction in Iran. Many lessons from 1978 Tabas, 1990 Rudbar, and 2003 Bam did not become 'Lessons Learned' and they were identified again within the dramatic context of other earthquake disasters in various places of Iran. Both lessons and 'Lessons Learned' from Tabas, Rudbar, Bam,and other earthquake disasters in Iran require a sustainable long-term framework—an earthquake culture.
