This article investigates the concrete effects of natural disasters on primitive capited accamu lation and the development of commodity and labor markets during the self-strengthening move ment. It is extremelg diffic...This article investigates the concrete effects of natural disasters on primitive capited accamu lation and the development of commodity and labor markets during the self-strengthening move ment. It is extremelg difficult to implement modern development projectss when agricultural production is broken and stagnant in viev of historical realities rather than arguing that china villages were confined by modernization, it would be more correct to say that early moderni zation was confined by china’s villages.展开更多
Long-pending legal cases had clearly become a serious soclal problem in the late Qing dynasty. The backlog of legal cases was not only a burden for those engaged in litigation, it also increased social unrest. Further...Long-pending legal cases had clearly become a serious soclal problem in the late Qing dynasty. The backlog of legal cases was not only a burden for those engaged in litigation, it also increased social unrest. Furthermore, for China’s feudal rulers, the increasingly serious problem of long - pending legal cases was a manifestation of the outbreak of a serious crisis in the late Qing legal system. The reasons for the backlog of legal cases were many. Although late Qing rulers had initiated a systematic reform of the legal system, under a corrupt social system, the effort to eliminate long-pending cases was in vain, and the effort to obtain " simplified administration and clear punishments" in the end was an illusion.展开更多
This article analyzes capital appeals in the late Qing. Capital appeals were an important part of the feudal appellant procedure. With the decline of the feudal political order, the capital appeal system became a seri...This article analyzes capital appeals in the late Qing. Capital appeals were an important part of the feudal appellant procedure. With the decline of the feudal political order, the capital appeal system became a serious problem for the Qing rulers during the later years of the dynasty. In fact, frequent wars, bureaucratic corruption and the interference of "leqal pettifoggers" were all important social factors that led to an increase in capital appeals Furthermore, most capital appeals were inefficiently tried. This analysis of capital appeals, both advances our understanding of hoth the felldal political and legal system.展开更多
文摘This article investigates the concrete effects of natural disasters on primitive capited accamu lation and the development of commodity and labor markets during the self-strengthening move ment. It is extremelg difficult to implement modern development projectss when agricultural production is broken and stagnant in viev of historical realities rather than arguing that china villages were confined by modernization, it would be more correct to say that early moderni zation was confined by china’s villages.
文摘Long-pending legal cases had clearly become a serious soclal problem in the late Qing dynasty. The backlog of legal cases was not only a burden for those engaged in litigation, it also increased social unrest. Furthermore, for China’s feudal rulers, the increasingly serious problem of long - pending legal cases was a manifestation of the outbreak of a serious crisis in the late Qing legal system. The reasons for the backlog of legal cases were many. Although late Qing rulers had initiated a systematic reform of the legal system, under a corrupt social system, the effort to eliminate long-pending cases was in vain, and the effort to obtain " simplified administration and clear punishments" in the end was an illusion.
文摘This article analyzes capital appeals in the late Qing. Capital appeals were an important part of the feudal appellant procedure. With the decline of the feudal political order, the capital appeal system became a serious problem for the Qing rulers during the later years of the dynasty. In fact, frequent wars, bureaucratic corruption and the interference of "leqal pettifoggers" were all important social factors that led to an increase in capital appeals Furthermore, most capital appeals were inefficiently tried. This analysis of capital appeals, both advances our understanding of hoth the felldal political and legal system.
