Discussed in this paper are results of the study that was conducted as part of the process of compiling Malawi’s State of the Environment and Outlook Report for the year 2010. The status of the country’s economy and...Discussed in this paper are results of the study that was conducted as part of the process of compiling Malawi’s State of the Environment and Outlook Report for the year 2010. The status of the country’s economy and the nature of governance were identified as critical drivers, i.e., “critical uncertainties”, in determining the future state of the environment in Malawi. Four environmental scenarios were developed, namely: Scenario 1: “Mkaka ndi Uchi”, a combination of good economy and good governance;Scenario 2: “Penda Penda”, a combination of poor economy and good governance;Scenario 3: “Wafa Wafa”, a combination of poor economy and poor governance;and Scenario 4: “Chonchobe/Ndawonera Momwemo”, a combination of good economy and poor governance. Each of the four scenarios will be uniquely influenced by the prevailing economic and governance situation in the country, and hence impact differently on Malawi’s environment. Economy and Governance were selected as critical determinants out of seven key environmental drivers: demography, governance, social change, economy, environment and climate change, technology, and culture and tradition. From the above listed scenarios, it is only Scenario 1, Mkaka ndi Uchi, which will result in a prosperous Malawi while the rest portend the prevalence of a chaotic situation in the country, more so Scenario 3, the Wafa Wafa scenario.展开更多
Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite composition of Endopleura uchi bark,concerning phenolic compounds,and to evaluate some of its biological capacities for further possible exploitation in food and ph...Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite composition of Endopleura uchi bark,concerning phenolic compounds,and to evaluate some of its biological capacities for further possible exploitation in food and pharmaceutical industries associated to their healthpromoting qualities.Methods:Two different extracts(infusion and hydroethanolic) were studied concerning phenolic composition and biological potential.Results:Five compounds were determined by HPLC-DAD,being bergenin the major one.In general way,infusion presents a greater richness in these metabolites.The antioxidant,acetylcholinesterase.butyrylcholinesterase,α-glucosidase and antibacterial activity were checked by in vitro assays.A dose-dependent response was noticed against DPPH,superoxide and nitric oxide radicals,acetylcholinesterase,butyrylcholinesterase and against α-glucosidase inhibitory assay.Antibacterial capacity of both extracts was investigated against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria,being more effective against the first one.The concentrations of infusion extract tested here revealed that is non-toxic for intestinal(Caco-2) cells line.Conclusions:The results suggest that the extracts of Endopleura uchi may be interesting for incorporating in pharmaceutical preparations for human health,since it can suppress hyperglycaemia and inhibit cholinesteases,and or as food additive due to its antiradical and antibacterial activities.展开更多
文摘Discussed in this paper are results of the study that was conducted as part of the process of compiling Malawi’s State of the Environment and Outlook Report for the year 2010. The status of the country’s economy and the nature of governance were identified as critical drivers, i.e., “critical uncertainties”, in determining the future state of the environment in Malawi. Four environmental scenarios were developed, namely: Scenario 1: “Mkaka ndi Uchi”, a combination of good economy and good governance;Scenario 2: “Penda Penda”, a combination of poor economy and good governance;Scenario 3: “Wafa Wafa”, a combination of poor economy and poor governance;and Scenario 4: “Chonchobe/Ndawonera Momwemo”, a combination of good economy and poor governance. Each of the four scenarios will be uniquely influenced by the prevailing economic and governance situation in the country, and hence impact differently on Malawi’s environment. Economy and Governance were selected as critical determinants out of seven key environmental drivers: demography, governance, social change, economy, environment and climate change, technology, and culture and tradition. From the above listed scenarios, it is only Scenario 1, Mkaka ndi Uchi, which will result in a prosperous Malawi while the rest portend the prevalence of a chaotic situation in the country, more so Scenario 3, the Wafa Wafa scenario.
基金supported by Post-doc grant(SFRH/BPD/105263/2014)
文摘Objective:To improve the knowledge on the metabolite composition of Endopleura uchi bark,concerning phenolic compounds,and to evaluate some of its biological capacities for further possible exploitation in food and pharmaceutical industries associated to their healthpromoting qualities.Methods:Two different extracts(infusion and hydroethanolic) were studied concerning phenolic composition and biological potential.Results:Five compounds were determined by HPLC-DAD,being bergenin the major one.In general way,infusion presents a greater richness in these metabolites.The antioxidant,acetylcholinesterase.butyrylcholinesterase,α-glucosidase and antibacterial activity were checked by in vitro assays.A dose-dependent response was noticed against DPPH,superoxide and nitric oxide radicals,acetylcholinesterase,butyrylcholinesterase and against α-glucosidase inhibitory assay.Antibacterial capacity of both extracts was investigated against Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria,being more effective against the first one.The concentrations of infusion extract tested here revealed that is non-toxic for intestinal(Caco-2) cells line.Conclusions:The results suggest that the extracts of Endopleura uchi may be interesting for incorporating in pharmaceutical preparations for human health,since it can suppress hyperglycaemia and inhibit cholinesteases,and or as food additive due to its antiradical and antibacterial activities.
