This paper attempts to explain why sterilized intervention was so successful and sustainable in China during the first decade of the 21st century. We argue that the Chinese Government established a sterilization cost-...This paper attempts to explain why sterilized intervention was so successful and sustainable in China during the first decade of the 21st century. We argue that the Chinese Government established a sterilization cost-sharing mechanism among the Peoples Bank of China, commercial banks and the househoM sector. On the one hand, Chinese commercial banks have to assume some of the sterilization costs bypurchasing low yield central bank bills and maintaining high levels of required reserves. On the other hand, Chinese households assume some of the sterilization costs by bearing negative real deposit interest rates. The cost- sharing mechanism under financial repression prevents a huge quasi-fiscal loss by the Peoples Bank of China as well as high inflation. However, Chinese households have become victims of this financial repression. Faced with the pressure of changing the growth model from investment-driven to domestic consumption-driven, the interest rate will have to be liberalized eventually, which will, in turn, make sterilized intervention unsustainable.展开更多
Vanadium - bearing stone coal is a new resource of vanadium. V in stone coal mainly exists in three oxidation states: 7.84% V(III), 72.08% V(IV) and 20.08% V(V). The change and distribution of valency during oxidizing...Vanadium - bearing stone coal is a new resource of vanadium. V in stone coal mainly exists in three oxidation states: 7.84% V(III), 72.08% V(IV) and 20.08% V(V). The change and distribution of valency during oxidizing roasting shows that organic matter in the coal determines the valency at low temperatures. At about 450°C, V(III) is completely oxidized to V(IV); above 500°C, temperature is the most important factor for the oxidation of V. At 700-1000°C, 92% of V in the coal has been oxidized to V(V). At higher temperature, no more oxidation of V takes place, equilibrium being established. The role of NaCl in the recovery of V2O5 from the coal is discussed. The best conditions for roasting are an oxidation-chlorination atmosphere, temperature 800°C for 30 minutes, ore:NaCl = 100:10, ηroast reaching 90%.展开更多
Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES...Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES is a multi-layered framework that defines community resilience using seven dimensions.Each of the dimensions is described through a set of resilience indicators collected from literature and they are linked to a measure allowing the analytical computation of the indicator’s performance.The first method proposed in this paper requires data on previous disasters as an input and returns as output a performance function for each indicator and a performance function for the whole community.The second method exploits a knowledge-based fuzzy modeling for its implementation.This method allows a quantitative evaluation of the PEOPLES indicators using descriptive knowledge rather than deterministic data including the uncertainty involved in the analysis.The output of the fuzzy-based method is a resilience index for each indicator as well as a resilience index for the community.The paper also introduces an open source online tool in which the first method is implemented.A case study illustrating the application of the first method and the usage of the tool is also provided in the paper.展开更多
This paper presents the general characteristics of salt water intrusion into surface water and groundwater in several coastal cities of China, methods of salinity calculation, prediction as well as the countermeasures...This paper presents the general characteristics of salt water intrusion into surface water and groundwater in several coastal cities of China, methods of salinity calculation, prediction as well as the countermeasures for the prevention of salt water intrusion.展开更多
Large areas of old basements of metamorphic volcanic series, and magmatic and sedimentary rocks of different ages existing in China. China is rich in Mesozoic granite rocks which are closely related to nonferrous meta...Large areas of old basements of metamorphic volcanic series, and magmatic and sedimentary rocks of different ages existing in China. China is rich in Mesozoic granite rocks which are closely related to nonferrous metals ore deposits, and favourable for the formation of tungsten, titanium, rare earths and antimony ore deposits. The article identifies the major types and locations of these mineral resources from a geological point of view.展开更多
This study aims to analyze the operational model of the local revitalization <span>plan implemented in the indigenous tribes in Taiwan. It treated Namasia </span>District of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan as the s...This study aims to analyze the operational model of the local revitalization <span>plan implemented in the indigenous tribes in Taiwan. It treated Namasia </span>District of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan as the subject</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> and conducted an investigation by qualitative research. According to the findings, the practices of local <span>revitalization are based on the following conditions: 1) local government l</span>eads the plan of revitalization;2) it finds DNA to develop local revitalization;3) it seeks investment from enterprises;4) it accepts the assistance from academic and professional teams for the integration and development of innovative and creative products;5) it reinforces the ethnic consciousness, supports local residents and industries, and participates in the execution of plans.展开更多
In this paper, the author presents. that the linitation of langnge signs and the limitlessness of human reproduction result in namesake problems.He under-takes a comparative study of the namesake problms in the Hanand...In this paper, the author presents. that the linitation of langnge signs and the limitlessness of human reproduction result in namesake problems.He under-takes a comparative study of the namesake problms in the Hanand hill peoples in Southwestern China..展开更多
The General Research Institute for Non-ferrous Metals, Beijing, founded in 1952, is the largest institute engaged in the research and development of non-ferrous metals in China. Research is carried out in 21 laborator...The General Research Institute for Non-ferrous Metals, Beijing, founded in 1952, is the largest institute engaged in the research and development of non-ferrous metals in China. Research is carried out in 21 laboratories. GRINM's research projects are principally related to the development of new materials. It is a base for the study and development of semiconductor materials in China. The Institute also carries out research and development of energy materials, structural metals and ceramics, and forming processes.展开更多
Objective:To provide baseline data on the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination in the soil among indigenous communities.Methods:A total of 317 soil samples from three barangays ...Objective:To provide baseline data on the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination in the soil among indigenous communities.Methods:A total of 317 soil samples from three barangays of indigenous communities communities in Tigaon,Camarines Sur,Philippines were examined for soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination using optimized sugar flotation method.Results:Of the soil samples examined,141(44.48%)were contaminated by Ascaris spp.,Toxocara spp.,and Trichuris spp.with cumulative prevalence varying across the study sites(P<0.01).Ascaris spp.was predominant in all study sites,followed by Toxocara spp.and Trichuris spp.with a prevalence of 41.96%,7.57%,and 5.36%,respectively.Interestingly,Toxocara pp.has the highest intensity of contamination,followed by Ascaris spp.and Trichuris spp.in term of geometric mean soil-transmitted helminthiasis eggs recovered per one gram soil sample(34.25,21.45,and 11.85 respectively).Each study site harbors significant amount of soiltransmitted helminthiasis eggs and zoonotic Toxocara eggs,which present high risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection,particularly among children observed to play and cohabitate with animals known to be hosts of these parasites.Conclusions:The alarming rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and Toxocara egg contamination reported in this study suggests that additional measures should be undertaken to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis and zoonotic intestinal infections in the country.展开更多
基金financial support from the project "China's Short-term Capital Flows:Scale,Pulling Factors and Impacts," sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
文摘This paper attempts to explain why sterilized intervention was so successful and sustainable in China during the first decade of the 21st century. We argue that the Chinese Government established a sterilization cost-sharing mechanism among the Peoples Bank of China, commercial banks and the househoM sector. On the one hand, Chinese commercial banks have to assume some of the sterilization costs bypurchasing low yield central bank bills and maintaining high levels of required reserves. On the other hand, Chinese households assume some of the sterilization costs by bearing negative real deposit interest rates. The cost- sharing mechanism under financial repression prevents a huge quasi-fiscal loss by the Peoples Bank of China as well as high inflation. However, Chinese households have become victims of this financial repression. Faced with the pressure of changing the growth model from investment-driven to domestic consumption-driven, the interest rate will have to be liberalized eventually, which will, in turn, make sterilized intervention unsustainable.
文摘Vanadium - bearing stone coal is a new resource of vanadium. V in stone coal mainly exists in three oxidation states: 7.84% V(III), 72.08% V(IV) and 20.08% V(V). The change and distribution of valency during oxidizing roasting shows that organic matter in the coal determines the valency at low temperatures. At about 450°C, V(III) is completely oxidized to V(IV); above 500°C, temperature is the most important factor for the oxidation of V. At 700-1000°C, 92% of V in the coal has been oxidized to V(V). At higher temperature, no more oxidation of V takes place, equilibrium being established. The role of NaCl in the recovery of V2O5 from the coal is discussed. The best conditions for roasting are an oxidation-chlorination atmosphere, temperature 800°C for 30 minutes, ore:NaCl = 100:10, ηroast reaching 90%.
基金European Research Council under Grant Agreement No.ERC_IDEAL RESCUE_637842 of the project IDEAL RESCUE-Integrated Design and Control of Sustainable Communities during Emergencies
文摘Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES is a multi-layered framework that defines community resilience using seven dimensions.Each of the dimensions is described through a set of resilience indicators collected from literature and they are linked to a measure allowing the analytical computation of the indicator’s performance.The first method proposed in this paper requires data on previous disasters as an input and returns as output a performance function for each indicator and a performance function for the whole community.The second method exploits a knowledge-based fuzzy modeling for its implementation.This method allows a quantitative evaluation of the PEOPLES indicators using descriptive knowledge rather than deterministic data including the uncertainty involved in the analysis.The output of the fuzzy-based method is a resilience index for each indicator as well as a resilience index for the community.The paper also introduces an open source online tool in which the first method is implemented.A case study illustrating the application of the first method and the usage of the tool is also provided in the paper.
文摘This paper presents the general characteristics of salt water intrusion into surface water and groundwater in several coastal cities of China, methods of salinity calculation, prediction as well as the countermeasures for the prevention of salt water intrusion.
文摘Large areas of old basements of metamorphic volcanic series, and magmatic and sedimentary rocks of different ages existing in China. China is rich in Mesozoic granite rocks which are closely related to nonferrous metals ore deposits, and favourable for the formation of tungsten, titanium, rare earths and antimony ore deposits. The article identifies the major types and locations of these mineral resources from a geological point of view.
文摘This study aims to analyze the operational model of the local revitalization <span>plan implemented in the indigenous tribes in Taiwan. It treated Namasia </span>District of Kaohsiung City, Taiwan as the subject</span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:"">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> and conducted an investigation by qualitative research. According to the findings, the practices of local <span>revitalization are based on the following conditions: 1) local government l</span>eads the plan of revitalization;2) it finds DNA to develop local revitalization;3) it seeks investment from enterprises;4) it accepts the assistance from academic and professional teams for the integration and development of innovative and creative products;5) it reinforces the ethnic consciousness, supports local residents and industries, and participates in the execution of plans.
文摘In this paper, the author presents. that the linitation of langnge signs and the limitlessness of human reproduction result in namesake problems.He under-takes a comparative study of the namesake problms in the Hanand hill peoples in Southwestern China..
文摘The General Research Institute for Non-ferrous Metals, Beijing, founded in 1952, is the largest institute engaged in the research and development of non-ferrous metals in China. Research is carried out in 21 laboratories. GRINM's research projects are principally related to the development of new materials. It is a base for the study and development of semiconductor materials in China. The Institute also carries out research and development of energy materials, structural metals and ceramics, and forming processes.
基金the Commission on Higher Education K12 Scholarship Program for the funding
文摘Objective:To provide baseline data on the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination in the soil among indigenous communities.Methods:A total of 317 soil samples from three barangays of indigenous communities communities in Tigaon,Camarines Sur,Philippines were examined for soil-transmitted helminthiasis egg contamination using optimized sugar flotation method.Results:Of the soil samples examined,141(44.48%)were contaminated by Ascaris spp.,Toxocara spp.,and Trichuris spp.with cumulative prevalence varying across the study sites(P<0.01).Ascaris spp.was predominant in all study sites,followed by Toxocara spp.and Trichuris spp.with a prevalence of 41.96%,7.57%,and 5.36%,respectively.Interestingly,Toxocara pp.has the highest intensity of contamination,followed by Ascaris spp.and Trichuris spp.in term of geometric mean soil-transmitted helminthiasis eggs recovered per one gram soil sample(34.25,21.45,and 11.85 respectively).Each study site harbors significant amount of soiltransmitted helminthiasis eggs and zoonotic Toxocara eggs,which present high risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis infection,particularly among children observed to play and cohabitate with animals known to be hosts of these parasites.Conclusions:The alarming rate of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and Toxocara egg contamination reported in this study suggests that additional measures should be undertaken to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis and zoonotic intestinal infections in the country.
