This paper discusses geometric proportions which serve as a design toot, especially for IsLamic pattern design. The key rote of geometry in Islamic patterns is discussed with relation to proportions which act as the u...This paper discusses geometric proportions which serve as a design toot, especially for IsLamic pattern design. The key rote of geometry in Islamic patterns is discussed with relation to proportions which act as the underlying structure of the design process. Evaluations based on spatial structure and esthetic criteria are integrated into the conceptual phase of the design process. Proportions serve two objectives; firstly, in pattern design, proportions are strongly linked to geometry, which can be viewed as a self-guiding method of esthetically proven design. SecondLy, geometric proportions regulate primarily the order of patterns; while at the same time they mediate between the two poles of order and diversity as wetl as among different esthetic revels. This paper anatyzes geometric principles and design features of traditional Istamic patterns, involving geometric proportion anatysis. It also describes the syntheses of Islamic patterns from the perspectives of Islamic cosmology, philosophy and metaphysics of geometry, which can be seen as following a pre-established principle of geometric and proportional design with high accuracy and great precision. Furthermore, the underlying relationship between cosmology and geometry is manifested in Islamic patterns where geometry acts as the vocabulary underpinning the pattern language. These findings support the argument that geometry was independently discovered and applied by Islamic culture as a universal language, constituting one of the most important multicultural symbols in design.展开更多
This paper investigates some of the ways that Chinese medicine has been transferred to the Western world and to Islamic territories. During the Golden Age of Islam （8th to 13th century CE）, the herbal drug trade pro...This paper investigates some of the ways that Chinese medicine has been transferred to the Western world and to Islamic territories. During the Golden Age of Islam （8th to 13th century CE）, the herbal drug trade promoted significant commercial and scientific exchange between China and the Muslim world. Chinese herbal drugs have been described by medieval Muslim medical scholars such as Tabari （870 CE）, Rhazes （925 CE）, Haly Abbas （982 CE）, Avicenna （1037 CE） and Jurjani （1137 CE）. The term al-sin （the Arabic word for China） is used 46 times in Avicenna＇s Canon of Medicine in reference to herbal drugs imported from China. Cinnamon （dar sini; ＂Chinese herb＂）, wild ginger （asaron）, rhubarb （rivand-e sini）, nutmeg （basbasa）, incense tree wood （ood）, cubeb （kababe） and sandalwood （sandal） were the most frequently mentioned Chinese herbs in Islamic medical books. There are also multiple similarities between the clinical uses of these herbs in both medical systems. It appears that Chinese herbal drugs were a major component of the exchange of goods and knowledge between China and the Islamic and later to the Western world amid this era.展开更多
The rivalry between Iran and Israel has intensified over the past decades.Iran has continuously expanded its involvement across the region,which has led to a‘balance of terror’between the two countries.Various incid...The rivalry between Iran and Israel has intensified over the past decades.Iran has continuously expanded its involvement across the region,which has led to a‘balance of terror’between the two countries.Various incidents of confrontation have occurred between the two countries in the Red Sea and East of Africa since 2010s.The Iranian regime,has been expanding its strategic depth into various regions,including Africa.Different Iranian administra-tions have adopted distinct policies in their term,that are influ-enced by various factors.The relations between Iran and East African countries have been transactional and facilitated by Iran’s effort to provide various forms of financial and military assistance in exchange for friendly diplomatic relations and ability to influ-ence African leaders’attitude towards the West and its allies,par-ticularly Israel.This paper reviews the history of involvement of the two countries in these regions,and analyses how policies of con-frontation in both countries have changed and developed over the different historical periods.The paper will have a particular focus on post-2005,because there is compelling evidence indicating a substantial expansion of Iran’s engagement in these regions.展开更多
A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,sinc...A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,since then,the research field of Islam and Muslim in China has been expanding and the results have been published,forming a new trend.In this field,scholars such as Jin Yijiu,Li Xinghua,Qin Huibin,Zhou Guoli,Sha Qiuzhen,Zhou Xiefan,Wu Yungui,and Yang Huaizhong have made the most outstanding achievements.Especially in the collation of reference books and historical materials,in the past 20 years,The Encyclopedia of the history of Islam,The Chinese Encyclopedia of Islam have emerged,and the Chinese and World Encyclopedia of Islamic Law and other important historical books have been published.This paper focuses on the field of historical research and divided into academic research history at home and abroad,which is discussed from several fields such as general history,special history,national history,and regional history.展开更多
This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns （IGPs） to architectural elements in terms of time scale accuracy and style matching. To this end, a detailed survey is conducted on...This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns （IGPs） to architectural elements in terms of time scale accuracy and style matching. To this end, a detailed survey is conducted on the decorative patterns of 100 surviving buildings in the Muslim architectural world. The patterns are analyzed and chronologically organized to determine the earliest surviving examples of these adorable ornaments. The origins and radical artistic movements throughout the history of IGPs are identified. With consideration for regional impact, this study depicts the evolution of IGPs, from the early stages to the late 18th century.展开更多
Previous studies of Islamism basically focus on representative scholars and their thoughts on Islamism.This article attempts to sum up the pivotal doctrines of Islamism and hopefully shed light on its future trends th...Previous studies of Islamism basically focus on representative scholars and their thoughts on Islamism.This article attempts to sum up the pivotal doctrines of Islamism and hopefully shed light on its future trends through a comparative study.It suggests that the doctrines of self-sufficiency and‘Jahiliyyah’(ignorance)of Islamism,the doctrine of‘Islamic State’and Islamic Order,and the doctrine of Allah’s Sovereignty and political consultation function as the three pivotal doctrines of Islamism.Relevant comparison indicates that,although specific Islamic thinkers have their own foci,their thoughts are all in a similar vein.In addition,with the development of times and the advancement of society,the analysis of Islamism,by no means a fossilised set of ideologies,also undergoes constant changes and adjustments.展开更多
The gestalt principles are perception and what is visually communicated by objects. These principles describe the visual language within which we work. Understanding how a designer realizes things visually will help d...The gestalt principles are perception and what is visually communicated by objects. These principles describe the visual language within which we work. Understanding how a designer realizes things visually will help designers communicate better. Many designers use Gestalt principles to have a structure visual stimulus, so as to create interfaces that are easy for users to understand. Because the understanding of visual perception is a critical item in any designer’s toolkit. Islamic heritage buildings also contain many architectural values, especially the Sultan Hassan Mosque in Cairo. Through this paper, we will verify the use of gestalt principles of visual perception in the building design. Because the psychological organization of the design, achieves the understanding and awareness of the current relationships between the elements, depending on the extent of regularity, accuracy, and consistency of the design elements. This makes us recognize the esthetic values of Sultan Hassan’s building and mosque. The visual delight we get from architecture begins with how we perceive it. So, in order to understand how visual delight arises, we must first understand how we perceive and interpret visual stimuli. Especially since the principles of gestalt confirm that the human brain tends to make tricks and illusions. Therefore, we found the mosque designer had exploited this fact during the design process, to exclude any possibility of the resulting misunderstanding. The designer achieved the psychological preparation of the visitor by using some principles of visual perception of the Gestalt theory, such as growth, continuity, and hierarchy.展开更多
This article examines Islamic boarding schools(pesantren)as traditional Indonesian Islamic educational institutions,showing a new face as agents in nature conserva-tion,especially forest conservation and considering I...This article examines Islamic boarding schools(pesantren)as traditional Indonesian Islamic educational institutions,showing a new face as agents in nature conserva-tion,especially forest conservation and considering Indonesia as a country with the best tropical forest land in the world and pesantren as indigenous Islamic educa-tional institutions owned by Indonesia.This study finds pesantren as the landscape of a forest conservation movement started by the Al-Ittifaq pesantren and the Ecope-santren community.By focusing on the eco-centric paradigm where Islamic teach-ings teach the concept of forest conservation,this concept is rarely taught in tra-ditional Islamic educational institutions such as pesantren.The results found that the eco-pesantren model was created by integrating religious education and ecolog-ical conceptions of dialectical qauliyah and kauniyah verses through the involve-ment of community alliances.Kyai's leadership behaviour is a key factor where all three(meditation,mediation,and reflection)are formed based on the two powers of authority in Weber's tripartite(legal-formal and transformational).This study con-tributes that Islamic education is a religious institution that teaches forest conser-vation movements through an eco-pesantren format.This research contributes that pesantren can synergise religion and forest conservation movements through the eco-pesantrenformat.展开更多
In the research of political and social fields,modern Islamic politics has evolved into three schools of nationalism,modernism and fundamentalism in the 20th century.The research in the field of contemporary Islam inv...In the research of political and social fields,modern Islamic politics has evolved into three schools of nationalism,modernism and fundamentalism in the 20th century.The research in the field of contemporary Islam involves different countries,nationalities and different economic and political conditions.It is not only the research field of religion,but also has the characteristics of interdisciplinary academic frontier.From the perspective of academic research,these trends have attracted the attention and research of scholars inside and outside the church on Islamic political and social issues.Recently,there have been many problems related to Islam and the current international political life,as well as the research results of Islamic social thoughts and social movements.展开更多
At the end of the Ming Dynasty and at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,a new theory of learning was created-Muslim Confucian Study(Chinese Islamic Philosophy)-on the basis of Islamic philosophy and under the influenc...At the end of the Ming Dynasty and at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,a new theory of learning was created-Muslim Confucian Study(Chinese Islamic Philosophy)-on the basis of Islamic philosophy and under the influence of Confucianism.Wang Daiyu(1570-1660)and Liu Zhi(1660-1739)were two great Huiru(Muslim Confucian)scholars at that time.They published Zhengjiao zhenquan(The real commentary on the tire teaching),Tianfang xingli(Nature and principle in Islam)major books.Their approach is distinguished from that of other Muslim scholars in that they addressed the basic articles of Islamic thought with Confucian terminology and categories.The study deals with the Islamic worldview,and with the practices that make it possible for people to bring themselves into conformity with that worldview.However,the teaching of the Muslim Confucian was continuous with those of Mainstream Islam.In my research,I attempted to answer two questions:(a)How did Muslim Confucian Study Inherit the Mainstream Islamic Thought?(b)What is the value and contribution of the World Islamic philology and civilization?展开更多
After the collapse of the Mubarak regime,the activities of Islamic extremism organisations in Egypt have been frequent,which brought great challenges to national security and social stability.After Sisi came into powe...After the collapse of the Mubarak regime,the activities of Islamic extremism organisations in Egypt have been frequent,which brought great challenges to national security and social stability.After Sisi came into power,the Egyptian government took various measures to actively promote the de-extremism work,however,the difficulties in the process of Egypt’s de-extremism cannot be ignored.Whether the transition of de-extremism from a movement to a institution can be realised will be the key to its longterm effect.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses geometric proportions which serve as a design toot, especially for IsLamic pattern design. The key rote of geometry in Islamic patterns is discussed with relation to proportions which act as the underlying structure of the design process. Evaluations based on spatial structure and esthetic criteria are integrated into the conceptual phase of the design process. Proportions serve two objectives; firstly, in pattern design, proportions are strongly linked to geometry, which can be viewed as a self-guiding method of esthetically proven design. SecondLy, geometric proportions regulate primarily the order of patterns; while at the same time they mediate between the two poles of order and diversity as wetl as among different esthetic revels. This paper anatyzes geometric principles and design features of traditional Istamic patterns, involving geometric proportion anatysis. It also describes the syntheses of Islamic patterns from the perspectives of Islamic cosmology, philosophy and metaphysics of geometry, which can be seen as following a pre-established principle of geometric and proportional design with high accuracy and great precision. Furthermore, the underlying relationship between cosmology and geometry is manifested in Islamic patterns where geometry acts as the vocabulary underpinning the pattern language. These findings support the argument that geometry was independently discovered and applied by Islamic culture as a universal language, constituting one of the most important multicultural symbols in design.
文摘This paper investigates some of the ways that Chinese medicine has been transferred to the Western world and to Islamic territories. During the Golden Age of Islam （8th to 13th century CE）, the herbal drug trade promoted significant commercial and scientific exchange between China and the Muslim world. Chinese herbal drugs have been described by medieval Muslim medical scholars such as Tabari （870 CE）, Rhazes （925 CE）, Haly Abbas （982 CE）, Avicenna （1037 CE） and Jurjani （1137 CE）. The term al-sin （the Arabic word for China） is used 46 times in Avicenna＇s Canon of Medicine in reference to herbal drugs imported from China. Cinnamon （dar sini; ＂Chinese herb＂）, wild ginger （asaron）, rhubarb （rivand-e sini）, nutmeg （basbasa）, incense tree wood （ood）, cubeb （kababe） and sandalwood （sandal） were the most frequently mentioned Chinese herbs in Islamic medical books. There are also multiple similarities between the clinical uses of these herbs in both medical systems. It appears that Chinese herbal drugs were a major component of the exchange of goods and knowledge between China and the Islamic and later to the Western world amid this era.
基金supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG,463159331)H2020 Marie Sklodowska‐Curie Actions,Grant/Award Number:101025388.
文摘The rivalry between Iran and Israel has intensified over the past decades.Iran has continuously expanded its involvement across the region,which has led to a‘balance of terror’between the two countries.Various incidents of confrontation have occurred between the two countries in the Red Sea and East of Africa since 2010s.The Iranian regime,has been expanding its strategic depth into various regions,including Africa.Different Iranian administra-tions have adopted distinct policies in their term,that are influ-enced by various factors.The relations between Iran and East African countries have been transactional and facilitated by Iran’s effort to provide various forms of financial and military assistance in exchange for friendly diplomatic relations and ability to influ-ence African leaders’attitude towards the West and its allies,par-ticularly Israel.This paper reviews the history of involvement of the two countries in these regions,and analyses how policies of con-frontation in both countries have changed and developed over the different historical periods.The paper will have a particular focus on post-2005,because there is compelling evidence indicating a substantial expansion of Iran’s engagement in these regions.
文摘A history of the Islamic studies in China,not only includes studies on world Islam,it also includes research on Islam and Muslims in China.Before the Reform and Opening Up,China did not achieve much in this field,since then,the research field of Islam and Muslim in China has been expanding and the results have been published,forming a new trend.In this field,scholars such as Jin Yijiu,Li Xinghua,Qin Huibin,Zhou Guoli,Sha Qiuzhen,Zhou Xiefan,Wu Yungui,and Yang Huaizhong have made the most outstanding achievements.Especially in the collation of reference books and historical materials,in the past 20 years,The Encyclopedia of the history of Islam,The Chinese Encyclopedia of Islam have emerged,and the Chinese and World Encyclopedia of Islamic Law and other important historical books have been published.This paper focuses on the field of historical research and divided into academic research history at home and abroad,which is discussed from several fields such as general history,special history,national history,and regional history.
文摘This research demonstrates the suitability of applying Islamic geometrical patterns （IGPs） to architectural elements in terms of time scale accuracy and style matching. To this end, a detailed survey is conducted on the decorative patterns of 100 surviving buildings in the Muslim architectural world. The patterns are analyzed and chronologically organized to determine the earliest surviving examples of these adorable ornaments. The origins and radical artistic movements throughout the history of IGPs are identified. With consideration for regional impact, this study depicts the evolution of IGPs, from the early stages to the late 18th century.
基金the program‘Islamic Extremism Worldwide’,a key program supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant No.16ZDA096].
文摘Previous studies of Islamism basically focus on representative scholars and their thoughts on Islamism.This article attempts to sum up the pivotal doctrines of Islamism and hopefully shed light on its future trends through a comparative study.It suggests that the doctrines of self-sufficiency and‘Jahiliyyah’(ignorance)of Islamism,the doctrine of‘Islamic State’and Islamic Order,and the doctrine of Allah’s Sovereignty and political consultation function as the three pivotal doctrines of Islamism.Relevant comparison indicates that,although specific Islamic thinkers have their own foci,their thoughts are all in a similar vein.In addition,with the development of times and the advancement of society,the analysis of Islamism,by no means a fossilised set of ideologies,also undergoes constant changes and adjustments.
文摘The gestalt principles are perception and what is visually communicated by objects. These principles describe the visual language within which we work. Understanding how a designer realizes things visually will help designers communicate better. Many designers use Gestalt principles to have a structure visual stimulus, so as to create interfaces that are easy for users to understand. Because the understanding of visual perception is a critical item in any designer’s toolkit. Islamic heritage buildings also contain many architectural values, especially the Sultan Hassan Mosque in Cairo. Through this paper, we will verify the use of gestalt principles of visual perception in the building design. Because the psychological organization of the design, achieves the understanding and awareness of the current relationships between the elements, depending on the extent of regularity, accuracy, and consistency of the design elements. This makes us recognize the esthetic values of Sultan Hassan’s building and mosque. The visual delight we get from architecture begins with how we perceive it. So, in order to understand how visual delight arises, we must first understand how we perceive and interpret visual stimuli. Especially since the principles of gestalt confirm that the human brain tends to make tricks and illusions. Therefore, we found the mosque designer had exploited this fact during the design process, to exclude any possibility of the resulting misunderstanding. The designer achieved the psychological preparation of the visitor by using some principles of visual perception of the Gestalt theory, such as growth, continuity, and hierarchy.
文摘This article examines Islamic boarding schools(pesantren)as traditional Indonesian Islamic educational institutions,showing a new face as agents in nature conserva-tion,especially forest conservation and considering Indonesia as a country with the best tropical forest land in the world and pesantren as indigenous Islamic educa-tional institutions owned by Indonesia.This study finds pesantren as the landscape of a forest conservation movement started by the Al-Ittifaq pesantren and the Ecope-santren community.By focusing on the eco-centric paradigm where Islamic teach-ings teach the concept of forest conservation,this concept is rarely taught in tra-ditional Islamic educational institutions such as pesantren.The results found that the eco-pesantren model was created by integrating religious education and ecolog-ical conceptions of dialectical qauliyah and kauniyah verses through the involve-ment of community alliances.Kyai's leadership behaviour is a key factor where all three(meditation,mediation,and reflection)are formed based on the two powers of authority in Weber's tripartite(legal-formal and transformational).This study con-tributes that Islamic education is a religious institution that teaches forest conser-vation movements through an eco-pesantren format.This research contributes that pesantren can synergise religion and forest conservation movements through the eco-pesantrenformat.
文摘In the research of political and social fields,modern Islamic politics has evolved into three schools of nationalism,modernism and fundamentalism in the 20th century.The research in the field of contemporary Islam involves different countries,nationalities and different economic and political conditions.It is not only the research field of religion,but also has the characteristics of interdisciplinary academic frontier.From the perspective of academic research,these trends have attracted the attention and research of scholars inside and outside the church on Islamic political and social issues.Recently,there have been many problems related to Islam and the current international political life,as well as the research results of Islamic social thoughts and social movements.
文摘At the end of the Ming Dynasty and at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,a new theory of learning was created-Muslim Confucian Study(Chinese Islamic Philosophy)-on the basis of Islamic philosophy and under the influence of Confucianism.Wang Daiyu(1570-1660)and Liu Zhi(1660-1739)were two great Huiru(Muslim Confucian)scholars at that time.They published Zhengjiao zhenquan(The real commentary on the tire teaching),Tianfang xingli(Nature and principle in Islam)major books.Their approach is distinguished from that of other Muslim scholars in that they addressed the basic articles of Islamic thought with Confucian terminology and categories.The study deals with the Islamic worldview,and with the practices that make it possible for people to bring themselves into conformity with that worldview.However,the teaching of the Muslim Confucian was continuous with those of Mainstream Islam.In my research,I attempted to answer two questions:(a)How did Muslim Confucian Study Inherit the Mainstream Islamic Thought?(b)What is the value and contribution of the World Islamic philology and civilization?
文摘After the collapse of the Mubarak regime,the activities of Islamic extremism organisations in Egypt have been frequent,which brought great challenges to national security and social stability.After Sisi came into power,the Egyptian government took various measures to actively promote the de-extremism work,however,the difficulties in the process of Egypt’s de-extremism cannot be ignored.Whether the transition of de-extremism from a movement to a institution can be realised will be the key to its longterm effect.
