Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with ex...Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.展开更多
The lightweight and high efficiency of natural structures are the inexhaustible sources for engineering improvements. The goal of the study is to find innovative solutions for mechanical lightweight design through the...The lightweight and high efficiency of natural structures are the inexhaustible sources for engineering improvements. The goal of the study is to find innovative solutions for mechanical lightweight design through the application of structural bionic approaches. Giant waterlily leaf ribs and cactus stem are investigated for their optimal framework and superior performance. Their structural characteristics are extracted and used in the bio-inspired design of Lin MC6000 gantry machining center crossbeam. By mimicking analogous network structure, the bionic model is established, which has better load-carrying capacity than conventional distribution. Finite Element Method （FEM） is used for numerical simulation. Results show better specific stiffness of the bionic model, which is increased by 17.36%. Finally the scaled models are fabricated by precision casting for static and dynamic tests. The physical experiments are compared to numerical simulation. The results show that the maximum static deformation of the bionic model is reduced by about 16.22%, with 3.31% weight reduction. In addition, the first four natural frequencies are improved obviously. The structural bionic design is a valuable reference for updating conventional mechanical structures with better performance and less material consumption.展开更多
There are giant mineral deposits, including the Jinding Zn-Pb and Baiyangping Ag-Co-Cu, and otherimportant mineral deposits (e.g., Baiyangchang Ag-Cu, Jinman Cu deposits, etc.) in the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin, ...There are giant mineral deposits, including the Jinding Zn-Pb and Baiyangping Ag-Co-Cu, and otherimportant mineral deposits (e.g., Baiyangchang Ag-Cu, Jinman Cu deposits, etc.) in the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin, Yunnan Province, China. The tabular ore-bodies and some veins hosted in terrestrial clastic rocks of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic age and no outcropping of igneous rocks in the giant deposits lead to the proposal of syngenetic origin, but the giant mineral deposits are not stratabound (e.g. MVT, sandstone- and Sedex-type). They formed in a continental red basin with intense crust movement. The mineralization is controlled by structures and lithology and occurs in different strata, and no sedimentary nature and no exhalative sediments are identified in the deposits. The deposits show some relations with organic matter (now asphalt and petroleum) and evaporates (gypsum). The middle-low-temperature (mainly 110℃ to 280℃) mineralization took place at a depth of about 0.9 km to 3.1 km during the early Himalayan (58 to 67 Ma). The salinity of ore-forming fluids is surprisingly low (1.6% to 18.0 wt% (NaCl)eq). Affected by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the mantle is disturbed under the Lanping Basin. The large-scale mineralization is closely linked with the geodynamics of the crust movement, the mantle and mantle-flux upwelling and igneous activity. Giant mineral deposits and their geodynamic setting are unique in the Lanping Basin.展开更多
The giant panda skeletal muscle cells, uterus epithelial cells and mammary gland cells from an adult individual were cultured and used as nucleus donor for the construction of interspecies embryos by transferring them...The giant panda skeletal muscle cells, uterus epithelial cells and mammary gland cells from an adult individual were cultured and used as nucleus donor for the construction of interspecies embryos by transferring them into enucleated rabbit eggs. All the three kinds of somatic cells were able to reprogram in rabbit ooplasm and support early embryo development, of which mammary gland cells were proven to be the best, followed by uterus epithelial cells and skeletal muscle cells. The experiments showed that direct injection of mammary gland cell into enucleated rabbit ooplasm, combined with in vivo development in ligated rabbit oviduct, achieved higher blastocyst development than in vitro culture after the somatic cell was injected into the perivitelline space and fused with the enucleated egg by electrical stimulation. The chromosome analysis demonstrated that the genetic materials in reconstructed blastocyst cells were the same as that in panda somatic cells. In addition, giant panda mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was shown to exist in the interspecies reconstructed blastocyst. The data suggest that (i) the ability of ooplasm to dedifferentiate somatic cells is not species-specific; (ii) there is compatibility between interspecies somatic nucleus and ooplasm during early development of the reconstructed egg.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Four different sizes （4, 5, 8 and 10 cm in diameter） can be found in the literature to categorize a liver hemangioma as giant. The present review aims to clarify the appropriateness of the size category...BACKGROUND： Four different sizes （4, 5, 8 and 10 cm in diameter） can be found in the literature to categorize a liver hemangioma as giant. The present review aims to clarify the appropriateness of the size category ＂giant＂ for liver heman- gioma. DATA SOURCES： We reviewed the reports on the categoriza- tion of hemangioma published between 1970 and 2014. The number of hemangiomas, size criteria, mean and range of hemangioma sizes, and number of asymptomatic and symp- tomatic patients were investigated in patients aged over 18 years. Liver hemangiomas were divided into four groups： 〈5.0 cm, 5.0-9.9 cm, 10.0-14.9 cm and 〉15.0 cm in diameter. Inclu- sion criteria were noted in 34 articles involving 1972 （43.0%） hemangiomas （〉4.0 cm）. RESULTS： The patients were divided into the following groups： 154 patients （30.0%） with hemangiomas less than 5.0 cm in diameter （small）, 182 （35.5%） between 5.0 cm and 9.9 cm （large）, 75 （14.6%） between 10.0 and 14.9 cm （giant）, and 102 （19.9%） more than 15.0 cm （enormous）. There were 786 （39.9%） asymptomatic patients and 791 （40.1%） symptomatic patients. Indications for surgery related to symptoms were reported in only 75 （3.8%） patients. Operations including 137 non-anatomical resection （12.9%） and 469 enudeation （44.1%） were undearly related to size and symptoms.CONCLUSIONS： The term ＂giant＂ seems to be justified for liver hemangiomas with a diameter of 10 cm. Hemangiomas categorized as ＂giant＂ are not indicated for surgery. Surgery should be performed only when other symptoms are apparent.展开更多
There is a gas-rich and well-charged petroleumsystem in the Kuqa Depression where Triassic and Jurassicsource rocks play important roles. Distributed in an area ofmore than 10000 km and with a thickness of up to 1000 ...There is a gas-rich and well-charged petroleumsystem in the Kuqa Depression where Triassic and Jurassicsource rocks play important roles. Distributed in an area ofmore than 10000 km and with a thickness of up to 1000 m,they are composed of dark mudstones, carbonaceous mud-stones and coal seams containing 6%, 40% and 90% of TOC,respectively, and are mainly the humic organic matter. Ashigh-quality regional cap rocks, the Neogene and Eogenegypsum rocks and gypseous mudstones matched well withthe underlying Neogene and Cretaceous-Eogene sandstones.They have formed the most favorable reservoir-seal assem-blages in the Kuqa Depression. Also the Jurassic sandstonesand mudstones formed another favorable reservoir-seal as-semblage. The traps are shaped late in the fold-thrust belt,mainly fixed in the Tertiary-Quaternary, where ten structurestyles have been distinguished. These traps spread as a zonein N-S, are scattered like a segmental line in W-E and showtier-styled vertically. The best traps are gypsum-salt coveredfault-bend anticlines related to the passive roof duplex. Thispetroleum system is characterized by late accumulation. Inthe early Himalayan Movement, mainly gas condensate andoil accumulated and were distributed in the outer circularregion of the kitchen; whereas in the middle and late Hima-layan the gas accumulations mainly formed and were dis-tributed in the inner circular region near the kitchen. Theoverpressure of gas pools is common and is formed by sealcapacity of thick gypsum layers, extensive tectonic compres-sion and large uplift. The well-preserved anticline traps un-derlying the high-quality regional cap rocks of the Tertiarygypsum rocks and gypseous mudstones are the main targetsfor the discovery of giant and medium-sized gas fields. Aboveconclusions are important for the petroleum geology theoryand the exploration of the fold-thrust belt in foreland basinsin central and western China.展开更多
The Jiaodong gold deposits are currently the most important gold resources（with Au reserves of〉4000 t） in China,and the leading gold-producing country globally（with Au production of ～428 t in2013）.Jiaodong is al...The Jiaodong gold deposits are currently the most important gold resources（with Au reserves of〉4000 t） in China,and the leading gold-producing country globally（with Au production of ～428 t in2013）.Jiaodong is also considered as perhaps the only world-class to giant gold accumulation on the planet where relatively young gold ores（ca.130-120 Ma） were deposited in rocks that are 2 Ga older.The Xincheng world-class high-grade gold deposit,with a proven reserve of 〉200 t gold,is one of the largest deposits in the giant gold province of the Jiaodong Peninsula.It is located in the northwestern part of the jiaobei Uplift,and hosted by ca.132-123 Ma Xincheng quartz monzonites and monzogranites.Ore zones are structurally controlled by the NE-trending and NW-dipping Jiaojia Fault and subsidiary faults,and are mainly restricted to the footwall of the fault.The dominant disseminated- and stockworkstyle ores are associated with strong sericitization,silicification,sulfidation and K-feldspathization,and minor carbonate wallrock alteration halos.The four mineralization stages are pyrite-quartz-sericite（stage 1）,quartz-pyrite（stage 2）,quartz-polysulfide（stage 3） and quartz-carbonate（stage 4）.Gold occurs dominantly as electrum,with lesser amounts of sulfide-hosted native gold and rare native silver and argentite,normally associated with pyrite,chalcopyrite,galena and sphalerite：the latter with proven resources of about 105 t Ag,713 t Cu,and 5100 t S.There are three types of ore-related fluid inclusions：type 1 aqueous-carbonate（H2O-CO2）,type 2aqueous（liquid H2O＋vapor H2O）,and type 3 CO2（liquid CO2 and vapor CO2） inclusions.Homogenization temperatures range from 221 to 304℃ for type 1 inclusions,with salinities of 2.4-13.3 wt.%NaCl eq.,and bulk densities of 0.858-1.022 g/cm～3.The δ～（34）S（CDT） values of hydrothermal sulfides are 4.3-10.6‰and δ～（18）O values of hydrothermal quartz have a median value of 13.0‰.δD values of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal qua展开更多
This paper presents nonlinear energy sink with giant magnetostrictive-piezoelectric material for energy harvesting of the wholespacecraft vibration reduction system. The whole-spacecraft vibration attenuation system c...This paper presents nonlinear energy sink with giant magnetostrictive-piezoelectric material for energy harvesting of the wholespacecraft vibration reduction system. The whole-spacecraft vibration attenuation system can effectively reduce vibration and achieve self-tuning enhanced energy harvesting range. The open-circuit voltage generated at low frequency is affected by the magnetic field force, alternating magnetic field and relative displacement. In order to acquire a steady periodic solution of the energy harvesting system, a combination of the harmonic balance method and pseudo arc length continuation technique is used.The numerical outcomes are consistent with the analytical outcomes in a certain range, which also proves the accuracy and reliability of the results. The amplitude and voltage of the energy harvesting system are analyzed by parameters such as cubic stiffness, viscous damping, and external excitation acceleration. In addition, this paper provides a new idea for broadband energy harvesting.展开更多
Brunner＇s gland adenoma （BGA） is a very rare benign tumour of the duodenum, which is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally at endoscopy. Occasionally, this lesion may be large, causing upper gastrointest...Brunner＇s gland adenoma （BGA） is a very rare benign tumour of the duodenum, which is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally at endoscopy. Occasionally, this lesion may be large, causing upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage or intestinal obstruction. The case had a large Brunner＇s gland adenoma, presenting melena that was managed by endoscopic excision.展开更多
The general aim of this study is to find the relationship between the panda distribution and human activities. Comparison of the potential panda habitat and the real panda distribution shows a difference between them....The general aim of this study is to find the relationship between the panda distribution and human activities. Comparison of the potential panda habitat and the real panda distribution shows a difference between them. Seven human activities were identified and analyzed. They are settlements, farming, road construction, firewood collection, timber production, mining and Chinese medicinal plant collection. The spatial distributions of these activities were characterized. The analysis of their spatial distributions and the pandas' habitat and distribution revealed that there is a relation existing between the human activities and the panda distribution, and the Giant Pandas have disappeared from the areas where the human activities are concentrated. GIS is the main tool used in this study to collect, store, retrieve, transform and present the spatial data of human activities and panda habitat and distribution in Wolong Nature Reserve.展开更多
基金The authors would like to thank the National Key R&D Plan of China for providing support(NO:2016YFD0400203-4).
文摘Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.
基金Acknowledgements The research was sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China （50975012）, and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Outstanding Young Scientist of Shandong Province （2008BS05007）.
文摘The lightweight and high efficiency of natural structures are the inexhaustible sources for engineering improvements. The goal of the study is to find innovative solutions for mechanical lightweight design through the application of structural bionic approaches. Giant waterlily leaf ribs and cactus stem are investigated for their optimal framework and superior performance. Their structural characteristics are extracted and used in the bio-inspired design of Lin MC6000 gantry machining center crossbeam. By mimicking analogous network structure, the bionic model is established, which has better load-carrying capacity than conventional distribution. Finite Element Method （FEM） is used for numerical simulation. Results show better specific stiffness of the bionic model, which is increased by 17.36%. Finally the scaled models are fabricated by precision casting for static and dynamic tests. The physical experiments are compared to numerical simulation. The results show that the maximum static deformation of the bionic model is reduced by about 16.22%, with 3.31% weight reduction. In addition, the first four natural frequencies are improved obviously. The structural bionic design is a valuable reference for updating conventional mechanical structures with better performance and less material consumption.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40272050)the State Key Basic Research Development Program(2002CB4126007 +1 种基金 G1999043201) the Chinese Post-doctorial Foundation.
文摘There are giant mineral deposits, including the Jinding Zn-Pb and Baiyangping Ag-Co-Cu, and otherimportant mineral deposits (e.g., Baiyangchang Ag-Cu, Jinman Cu deposits, etc.) in the Lanping Mesozoic-Cenozoic Basin, Yunnan Province, China. The tabular ore-bodies and some veins hosted in terrestrial clastic rocks of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic age and no outcropping of igneous rocks in the giant deposits lead to the proposal of syngenetic origin, but the giant mineral deposits are not stratabound (e.g. MVT, sandstone- and Sedex-type). They formed in a continental red basin with intense crust movement. The mineralization is controlled by structures and lithology and occurs in different strata, and no sedimentary nature and no exhalative sediments are identified in the deposits. The deposits show some relations with organic matter (now asphalt and petroleum) and evaporates (gypsum). The middle-low-temperature (mainly 110℃ to 280℃) mineralization took place at a depth of about 0.9 km to 3.1 km during the early Himalayan (58 to 67 Ma). The salinity of ore-forming fluids is surprisingly low (1.6% to 18.0 wt% (NaCl)eq). Affected by the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates, the mantle is disturbed under the Lanping Basin. The large-scale mineralization is closely linked with the geodynamics of the crust movement, the mantle and mantle-flux upwelling and igneous activity. Giant mineral deposits and their geodynamic setting are unique in the Lanping Basin.
基金Project supported by the 1998 Special Fund of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KY95-J1-318)a 1999 Special Fund from the Ministry of ScienceTechnology.Instruments were dominated by Mr. Shum Yam Wa, Heal Force Development Ltd
文摘The giant panda skeletal muscle cells, uterus epithelial cells and mammary gland cells from an adult individual were cultured and used as nucleus donor for the construction of interspecies embryos by transferring them into enucleated rabbit eggs. All the three kinds of somatic cells were able to reprogram in rabbit ooplasm and support early embryo development, of which mammary gland cells were proven to be the best, followed by uterus epithelial cells and skeletal muscle cells. The experiments showed that direct injection of mammary gland cell into enucleated rabbit ooplasm, combined with in vivo development in ligated rabbit oviduct, achieved higher blastocyst development than in vitro culture after the somatic cell was injected into the perivitelline space and fused with the enucleated egg by electrical stimulation. The chromosome analysis demonstrated that the genetic materials in reconstructed blastocyst cells were the same as that in panda somatic cells. In addition, giant panda mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was shown to exist in the interspecies reconstructed blastocyst. The data suggest that (i) the ability of ooplasm to dedifferentiate somatic cells is not species-specific; (ii) there is compatibility between interspecies somatic nucleus and ooplasm during early development of the reconstructed egg.
文摘BACKGROUND： Four different sizes （4, 5, 8 and 10 cm in diameter） can be found in the literature to categorize a liver hemangioma as giant. The present review aims to clarify the appropriateness of the size category ＂giant＂ for liver heman- gioma. DATA SOURCES： We reviewed the reports on the categoriza- tion of hemangioma published between 1970 and 2014. The number of hemangiomas, size criteria, mean and range of hemangioma sizes, and number of asymptomatic and symp- tomatic patients were investigated in patients aged over 18 years. Liver hemangiomas were divided into four groups： 〈5.0 cm, 5.0-9.9 cm, 10.0-14.9 cm and 〉15.0 cm in diameter. Inclu- sion criteria were noted in 34 articles involving 1972 （43.0%） hemangiomas （〉4.0 cm）. RESULTS： The patients were divided into the following groups： 154 patients （30.0%） with hemangiomas less than 5.0 cm in diameter （small）, 182 （35.5%） between 5.0 cm and 9.9 cm （large）, 75 （14.6%） between 10.0 and 14.9 cm （giant）, and 102 （19.9%） more than 15.0 cm （enormous）. There were 786 （39.9%） asymptomatic patients and 791 （40.1%） symptomatic patients. Indications for surgery related to symptoms were reported in only 75 （3.8%） patients. Operations including 137 non-anatomical resection （12.9%） and 469 enudeation （44.1%） were undearly related to size and symptoms.CONCLUSIONS： The term ＂giant＂ seems to be justified for liver hemangiomas with a diameter of 10 cm. Hemangiomas categorized as ＂giant＂ are not indicated for surgery. Surgery should be performed only when other symptoms are apparent.
文摘There is a gas-rich and well-charged petroleumsystem in the Kuqa Depression where Triassic and Jurassicsource rocks play important roles. Distributed in an area ofmore than 10000 km and with a thickness of up to 1000 m,they are composed of dark mudstones, carbonaceous mud-stones and coal seams containing 6%, 40% and 90% of TOC,respectively, and are mainly the humic organic matter. Ashigh-quality regional cap rocks, the Neogene and Eogenegypsum rocks and gypseous mudstones matched well withthe underlying Neogene and Cretaceous-Eogene sandstones.They have formed the most favorable reservoir-seal assem-blages in the Kuqa Depression. Also the Jurassic sandstonesand mudstones formed another favorable reservoir-seal as-semblage. The traps are shaped late in the fold-thrust belt,mainly fixed in the Tertiary-Quaternary, where ten structurestyles have been distinguished. These traps spread as a zonein N-S, are scattered like a segmental line in W-E and showtier-styled vertically. The best traps are gypsum-salt coveredfault-bend anticlines related to the passive roof duplex. Thispetroleum system is characterized by late accumulation. Inthe early Himalayan Movement, mainly gas condensate andoil accumulated and were distributed in the outer circularregion of the kitchen; whereas in the middle and late Hima-layan the gas accumulations mainly formed and were dis-tributed in the inner circular region near the kitchen. Theoverpressure of gas pools is common and is formed by sealcapacity of thick gypsum layers, extensive tectonic compres-sion and large uplift. The well-preserved anticline traps un-derlying the high-quality regional cap rocks of the Tertiarygypsum rocks and gypseous mudstones are the main targetsfor the discovery of giant and medium-sized gas fields. Aboveconclusions are important for the petroleum geology theoryand the exploration of the fold-thrust belt in foreland basinsin central and western China.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41230311)the National Science and Technology Support Program(Grant No.2011BAB04B09)+1 种基金the Geological Investigation Work Project of China Geological Survey(Grant No.12120114034901)111 Project of China(Grant No.B07011)
文摘The Jiaodong gold deposits are currently the most important gold resources（with Au reserves of〉4000 t） in China,and the leading gold-producing country globally（with Au production of ～428 t in2013）.Jiaodong is also considered as perhaps the only world-class to giant gold accumulation on the planet where relatively young gold ores（ca.130-120 Ma） were deposited in rocks that are 2 Ga older.The Xincheng world-class high-grade gold deposit,with a proven reserve of 〉200 t gold,is one of the largest deposits in the giant gold province of the Jiaodong Peninsula.It is located in the northwestern part of the jiaobei Uplift,and hosted by ca.132-123 Ma Xincheng quartz monzonites and monzogranites.Ore zones are structurally controlled by the NE-trending and NW-dipping Jiaojia Fault and subsidiary faults,and are mainly restricted to the footwall of the fault.The dominant disseminated- and stockworkstyle ores are associated with strong sericitization,silicification,sulfidation and K-feldspathization,and minor carbonate wallrock alteration halos.The four mineralization stages are pyrite-quartz-sericite（stage 1）,quartz-pyrite（stage 2）,quartz-polysulfide（stage 3） and quartz-carbonate（stage 4）.Gold occurs dominantly as electrum,with lesser amounts of sulfide-hosted native gold and rare native silver and argentite,normally associated with pyrite,chalcopyrite,galena and sphalerite：the latter with proven resources of about 105 t Ag,713 t Cu,and 5100 t S.There are three types of ore-related fluid inclusions：type 1 aqueous-carbonate（H2O-CO2）,type 2aqueous（liquid H2O＋vapor H2O）,and type 3 CO2（liquid CO2 and vapor CO2） inclusions.Homogenization temperatures range from 221 to 304℃ for type 1 inclusions,with salinities of 2.4-13.3 wt.%NaCl eq.,and bulk densities of 0.858-1.022 g/cm～3.The δ～（34）S（CDT） values of hydrothermal sulfides are 4.3-10.6‰and δ～（18）O values of hydrothermal quartz have a median value of 13.0‰.δD values of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal qua
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11772205,11572182,51775541,11672188)the Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department(Grant Nos.L201703,L201737,L201762)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC1807172)
文摘This paper presents nonlinear energy sink with giant magnetostrictive-piezoelectric material for energy harvesting of the wholespacecraft vibration reduction system. The whole-spacecraft vibration attenuation system can effectively reduce vibration and achieve self-tuning enhanced energy harvesting range. The open-circuit voltage generated at low frequency is affected by the magnetic field force, alternating magnetic field and relative displacement. In order to acquire a steady periodic solution of the energy harvesting system, a combination of the harmonic balance method and pseudo arc length continuation technique is used.The numerical outcomes are consistent with the analytical outcomes in a certain range, which also proves the accuracy and reliability of the results. The amplitude and voltage of the energy harvesting system are analyzed by parameters such as cubic stiffness, viscous damping, and external excitation acceleration. In addition, this paper provides a new idea for broadband energy harvesting.
基金Supported by grants from the Italian Ministry of University and Research(MURST)to the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,University Fedefico Ⅱ,Naples,Italy
文摘Brunner＇s gland adenoma （BGA） is a very rare benign tumour of the duodenum, which is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally at endoscopy. Occasionally, this lesion may be large, causing upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage or intestinal obstruction. The case had a large Brunner＇s gland adenoma, presenting melena that was managed by endoscopic excision.
文摘The general aim of this study is to find the relationship between the panda distribution and human activities. Comparison of the potential panda habitat and the real panda distribution shows a difference between them. Seven human activities were identified and analyzed. They are settlements, farming, road construction, firewood collection, timber production, mining and Chinese medicinal plant collection. The spatial distributions of these activities were characterized. The analysis of their spatial distributions and the pandas' habitat and distribution revealed that there is a relation existing between the human activities and the panda distribution, and the Giant Pandas have disappeared from the areas where the human activities are concentrated. GIS is the main tool used in this study to collect, store, retrieve, transform and present the spatial data of human activities and panda habitat and distribution in Wolong Nature Reserve.
