目的观察益气活血方对急性脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血脑组织谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyrate acid,GABA)含量及神经受体1(neuroreceptor1,NR1)表达的影响。方法采用线栓法阻断大鼠左侧大脑中动脉复制局灶性脑缺血再灌...目的观察益气活血方对急性脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血脑组织谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyrate acid,GABA)含量及神经受体1(neuroreceptor1,NR1)表达的影响。方法采用线栓法阻断大鼠左侧大脑中动脉复制局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、益气活血汤组。采用高效液相色谱法和链霉亲合素-生物素酶复合物(streptavidin-biotinidase complex,SABC)染色法,分别检测Glu、GABA含量和NR1表达水平。结果脑缺血2 h再灌注各时间点与假手术组比较,模型组Glu、GABA含量和NR1表达均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,治疗组脑缺血后6,48,72 h Glu、NR1水平显著降低;72 h GABA含量显著提高(P<0.01)。结论益气活血方可能通过调节兴奋性氨基酸Glu和抑制性氨基酸GABA含量的平衡,及减少NR1表达防止脑缺血再灌注损伤。展开更多
目的:通过比较针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠脑内γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和γ-氨基丁酸A受体(gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor,GABAAR)阳性表达的影响,探讨针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠脑内神经递质的调整作用。方法:将70...目的:通过比较针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠脑内γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和γ-氨基丁酸A受体(gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor,GABAAR)阳性表达的影响,探讨针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠脑内神经递质的调整作用。方法:将70只大鼠随机分为模型对照组、空白对照组、"神门"组、"内关"组、"三阴交"组、"足三里"组、"申脉-照海"组,每组10只。大鼠腹腔注射氯苯丙氨酸制造失眠模型,各治疗组针刺相应腧穴。用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠下丘脑GABA、GABAAR的阳性细胞数。结果:同空白对照组比较,模型对照组GABA、GABAAR阳性细胞数及爬竿时间明显下降(P<0.05)。与模型对照组比较,各针刺组大鼠下丘脑内GABA和GABAAR阳性细胞数量增多,同时爬竿时间延长(P<0.05)。各针刺组之间比较,"申脉-照海"组和"神门"组的疗效明显高于"足三里"组、"三阴交"组和"内关"组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺"申脉-照海""神门""内关""足三里"和"三阴交"均可提高下丘脑GABA和GABAAR,针刺可能通过此作用起到安神镇静的作用,改善机体免疫能力,达到治疗失眠的目的。治疗失眠常用穴申脉、照海和神门的调整作用较好。展开更多
Neuronal ion channels of different types often do not function independently but will inhibit or potentiate the activity of other types of channels,a process called cross-talk.The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA r...Neuronal ion channels of different types often do not function independently but will inhibit or potentiate the activity of other types of channels,a process called cross-talk.The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) and the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA receptor) are important excitatory and inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system,respectively.Currently,cross-talk between the NMDA receptor and the GABAA receptor,particularly in the central auditory system,is not well understood.In the present study,we investigated functional interactions between the NMDA receptor and the GABAA receptor using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in cultured neurons from the inferior colliculus,which is an important nucleus in the central auditory system.We found that the currents induced by aspartate at 100 μmol L-1 were suppressed by the pre-perfusion of GABA at 100 μmol L-1,indicating cross-inhibition of NMDA receptors by activation of GABAA receptors.Moreover,we found that the currents induced by GABA at 100 μmol L-1 (IGABA) were not suppressed by the pre-perfusion of 100 μmol L-1 aspartate,but those induced by GABA at 3 μmol L-1 were suppressed,indicating concentration-dependent cross-inhibition of GABAA receptors by activation of NMDA receptors.In addition,inhibition of IGABA by aspartate was not affected by blockade of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels with CdCl2 in a solution that contained Ca2+,however,CdCl2 effectively attenuated the inhibition of IGABA by aspartate when it was perfused in a solution that contained Ba2+ instead of Ca2+ or a solution that contained Ca2+ and 10 mmol L-1 BAPTA,a membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator,suggesting that this inhibition is mediated by Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptors,rather than voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.Finally,KN-62,a potent inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII),reduced the inhibition of IGABA by aspartate,indicating the involvement of CaMKII in this cross-inhibition.Our study demonstrates a functional interaction展开更多
Objective To investigate the roles of the y-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to explore the potential of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC. Metho...Objective To investigate the roles of the y-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to explore the potential of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC. Methods The expression levels of GABA receptor subunit genes in various HCC cell lines and patients＇ tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Transwell cell migration and invasion assays were carried out for functional analysis. The effects of GABA on liver cancer cell cytoskeletal were determined by immunofluorescence staining. And the effects of GABA on HCC metastasis in nude mice were evaluated using an in vivo orthotopic model of liver cancer. Results The mRNA level of GABA receptor subunits varied between the primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and the adjacent non-tumor liver tissue. GABA inhibited human liver cancer cell migration and invasion via the ionotropic GABAA receptor as a result of the induction of liver cancer cell cytoskeletal reorganization. Pretreatment with GABA also significantly reduced intrahepatic liver metastasis and primary tumor formation in vivo. Conclusions These findings introduce a potential and novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer patients based on the modulation of the GABAergic system.展开更多
BACKGROUND Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum that can invade the central nervous system,causing encephalitis.Few cases of anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis(AE)secon...BACKGROUND Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum that can invade the central nervous system,causing encephalitis.Few cases of anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis(AE)secondary to neurosyphilis have been reported.We report a neurosyphilis patient with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor(GABABR)AE.CASE SUMMARY A young man in his 30s who presented with acute epileptic status was admitted to a local hospital.He was diagnosed with neurosyphilis,according to serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)tests for syphilis.After 14 d of antiepileptic treatment and anti-Treponema pallidum therapy with penicillin,epilepsy was controlled but serious cognitive impairment,behavioral,and serious psychiatric symptoms were observed.He was then transferred to our hospital.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)crude test results showed only 2 points.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant cerebral atrophy and multiple fluidattenuated inversion recovery high signals in the white matter surrounding both lateral ventricles,left amygdala and bilateral thalami.Anti-GABABR antibodies were discovered in CSF(1:3.2)and serum(1:100).The patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis complicated by anti-GABABR AE,and received methylprednisolone and penicillin.Following treatment,his mental symptoms were alleviated.Cognitive impairment was significantly improved,with a MMSE of 8 points.Serum anti-GABABR antibody titer decreased to 1:32.The patient received methylprednisolone and penicillin after discharge.Three months later,the patient’s condition was stable,but the serum anti-GABABR antibody titer was 1:100.CONCLUSION This patient with neurosyphilis combined with anti-GABABR encephalitis benefited from immunotherapy.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and the influence on cerebral blood supply of waggle needling Yanglingquan(GB34) on spastic paresis(SP) rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) induced and inve...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and the influence on cerebral blood supply of waggle needling Yanglingquan(GB34) on spastic paresis(SP) rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) induced and investigate its mechanism of relieving neurobehavior deficiency.METHODS:SP rat model was produced by permanent MCAO.Rats were divided into five groups:blank control group(Control),sham operation group(Sham),model group(Model),waggle needling group(WN) and perpendicular needling group(PN).SP rats were treated with acupuncture from day 3 after MCAO,once a day for 6 d.The modified neurological severity score(m NSS) and modified Ashworth scale(MAS) were conducted on days 0,1,3,5,7 and 9.Cerebral blood flow(CBF) in ischemic cortex was measured by laser speckle imaging 5 min pre ischemia,5 min post ischemia,and after intervention on day 9.All rats were sacrificed at day 9 and the protein and m RNA expressions of γ2 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor A(GABAAγ2) and K+-Cl-cotransporter 2(KCC2) in the ischemic cortex and lumber enlargement was measured by Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Both Control and Sham groups showed no changes in m NSS and MAS scores and in the regional CBF.Compared with Model group,both WN and PN treatments significantly ameliorated neurological deficit(P < 0.01),decreased muscle tone(P < 0.05),and enhanced CBF(P < 0.001) in SP rats;moreover,WN showed superior effects than PN(P < 0.001).In line with the improvement in neurobehavior,acupuncture interventions up-regulated the expressions of GABAAγ2 and KCC2 in the ischemic cortex as well as lumber enlargement(P < 0.01) in SP rats,and those changes were more obvious in WN(P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Acupuncture at Yanglingquan(GB34) enhanced cerebral blood flow and ameliorated SP in permanent MCAO rats,while waggle needling was superior to regular perpendicular needling.Waggle needling Yanglingquan(GB34) would be a potential complementary therapy for SP.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the serum levels of endozepine-4,their relation with ammonia serum levels,the grading of coma and the severity of cirrhosis,in patients with hepatic coma. METHODS:In this study we included 20 subjects ...AIM:To evaluate the serum levels of endozepine-4,their relation with ammonia serum levels,the grading of coma and the severity of cirrhosis,in patients with hepatic coma. METHODS:In this study we included 20 subjects with Hepatic coma,20 subjects with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) and 20 subjects control. All subjects underwent blood analysis,Child Pugh and Model for End- stage liver disease(MELD) assessment,endozepine-4 analysis. RESULTS:Subjects with hepatic coma showed significant difference in endozepine-4(P < 0.001) and NH3 levels(P < 0.001) compared both to MHE and controls patients. Between NH3 and endozepine-4 we observed a significant correlation(P = 0.009; Pearson correlation 0.570). There was a significant correlation between endozepine-4 and MELD(P = 0.017; Pearsoncorrelation = 0.529). In our study blood ammonia concentration was noted to be raised in patients with hepatic coma,with the highest ammonia levels being found in those who were comatose. We also found a high correlation between endozepine-4 and ammonia(P < 0.001). In patients with grade Ⅳ hepatic coma,endozepine levels were significantly higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that an increased level of endozepine in subjects with higher levels of MELD was observed. In conclusion,data concerning involvement of the GABA-ergic system in HE coma could be explained by stage-specific alterations.展开更多
文摘目的观察益气活血方对急性脑缺血再灌注大鼠缺血脑组织谷氨酸(glutamate,Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyrate acid,GABA)含量及神经受体1(neuroreceptor1,NR1)表达的影响。方法采用线栓法阻断大鼠左侧大脑中动脉复制局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、益气活血汤组。采用高效液相色谱法和链霉亲合素-生物素酶复合物(streptavidin-biotinidase complex,SABC)染色法,分别检测Glu、GABA含量和NR1表达水平。结果脑缺血2 h再灌注各时间点与假手术组比较,模型组Glu、GABA含量和NR1表达均显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,治疗组脑缺血后6,48,72 h Glu、NR1水平显著降低;72 h GABA含量显著提高(P<0.01)。结论益气活血方可能通过调节兴奋性氨基酸Glu和抑制性氨基酸GABA含量的平衡,及减少NR1表达防止脑缺血再灌注损伤。
文摘目的:通过比较针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠脑内γ-氨基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid,GABA)和γ-氨基丁酸A受体(gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor,GABAAR)阳性表达的影响,探讨针刺不同腧穴对失眠大鼠脑内神经递质的调整作用。方法:将70只大鼠随机分为模型对照组、空白对照组、"神门"组、"内关"组、"三阴交"组、"足三里"组、"申脉-照海"组,每组10只。大鼠腹腔注射氯苯丙氨酸制造失眠模型,各治疗组针刺相应腧穴。用免疫组织化学法检测大鼠下丘脑GABA、GABAAR的阳性细胞数。结果:同空白对照组比较,模型对照组GABA、GABAAR阳性细胞数及爬竿时间明显下降(P<0.05)。与模型对照组比较,各针刺组大鼠下丘脑内GABA和GABAAR阳性细胞数量增多,同时爬竿时间延长(P<0.05)。各针刺组之间比较,"申脉-照海"组和"神门"组的疗效明显高于"足三里"组、"三阴交"组和"内关"组(P<0.05)。结论:针刺"申脉-照海""神门""内关""足三里"和"三阴交"均可提高下丘脑GABA和GABAAR,针刺可能通过此作用起到安神镇静的作用,改善机体免疫能力,达到治疗失眠的目的。治疗失眠常用穴申脉、照海和神门的调整作用较好。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2011CB504506 and 2007CB512306)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 30970977 and 30730041)the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KSCX1-YW-R-36)
文摘Neuronal ion channels of different types often do not function independently but will inhibit or potentiate the activity of other types of channels,a process called cross-talk.The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor) and the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAA receptor) are important excitatory and inhibitory receptors in the central nervous system,respectively.Currently,cross-talk between the NMDA receptor and the GABAA receptor,particularly in the central auditory system,is not well understood.In the present study,we investigated functional interactions between the NMDA receptor and the GABAA receptor using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques in cultured neurons from the inferior colliculus,which is an important nucleus in the central auditory system.We found that the currents induced by aspartate at 100 μmol L-1 were suppressed by the pre-perfusion of GABA at 100 μmol L-1,indicating cross-inhibition of NMDA receptors by activation of GABAA receptors.Moreover,we found that the currents induced by GABA at 100 μmol L-1 (IGABA) were not suppressed by the pre-perfusion of 100 μmol L-1 aspartate,but those induced by GABA at 3 μmol L-1 were suppressed,indicating concentration-dependent cross-inhibition of GABAA receptors by activation of NMDA receptors.In addition,inhibition of IGABA by aspartate was not affected by blockade of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels with CdCl2 in a solution that contained Ca2+,however,CdCl2 effectively attenuated the inhibition of IGABA by aspartate when it was perfused in a solution that contained Ba2+ instead of Ca2+ or a solution that contained Ca2+ and 10 mmol L-1 BAPTA,a membrane-permeable Ca2+ chelator,suggesting that this inhibition is mediated by Ca2+ influx through NMDA receptors,rather than voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels.Finally,KN-62,a potent inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII),reduced the inhibition of IGABA by aspartate,indicating the involvement of CaMKII in this cross-inhibition.Our study demonstrates a functional interaction
基金supported by the Ministry of Health of China (No.2008ZX10002-022)the Doctoral Innovation Fund of Shanghai Cancer Institute(No.SB-09-02)
文摘Objective To investigate the roles of the y-aminobutyric acid （GABA） in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to explore the potential of a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of HCC. Methods The expression levels of GABA receptor subunit genes in various HCC cell lines and patients＇ tissues were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Transwell cell migration and invasion assays were carried out for functional analysis. The effects of GABA on liver cancer cell cytoskeletal were determined by immunofluorescence staining. And the effects of GABA on HCC metastasis in nude mice were evaluated using an in vivo orthotopic model of liver cancer. Results The mRNA level of GABA receptor subunits varied between the primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and the adjacent non-tumor liver tissue. GABA inhibited human liver cancer cell migration and invasion via the ionotropic GABAA receptor as a result of the induction of liver cancer cell cytoskeletal reorganization. Pretreatment with GABA also significantly reduced intrahepatic liver metastasis and primary tumor formation in vivo. Conclusions These findings introduce a potential and novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of cancer patients based on the modulation of the GABAergic system.
文摘BACKGROUND Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum that can invade the central nervous system,causing encephalitis.Few cases of anti-N-methyl-Daspartate receptor autoimmune encephalitis(AE)secondary to neurosyphilis have been reported.We report a neurosyphilis patient with anti-γ-aminobutyric acid-B receptor(GABABR)AE.CASE SUMMARY A young man in his 30s who presented with acute epileptic status was admitted to a local hospital.He was diagnosed with neurosyphilis,according to serum and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)tests for syphilis.After 14 d of antiepileptic treatment and anti-Treponema pallidum therapy with penicillin,epilepsy was controlled but serious cognitive impairment,behavioral,and serious psychiatric symptoms were observed.He was then transferred to our hospital.The Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)crude test results showed only 2 points.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant cerebral atrophy and multiple fluidattenuated inversion recovery high signals in the white matter surrounding both lateral ventricles,left amygdala and bilateral thalami.Anti-GABABR antibodies were discovered in CSF(1:3.2)and serum(1:100).The patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis complicated by anti-GABABR AE,and received methylprednisolone and penicillin.Following treatment,his mental symptoms were alleviated.Cognitive impairment was significantly improved,with a MMSE of 8 points.Serum anti-GABABR antibody titer decreased to 1:32.The patient received methylprednisolone and penicillin after discharge.Three months later,the patient’s condition was stable,but the serum anti-GABABR antibody titer was 1:100.CONCLUSION This patient with neurosyphilis combined with anti-GABABR encephalitis benefited from immunotherapy.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Development Fund Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China:Study on the Mechanism of Waggle Needling GB34 Relieving Spasticity in Poststroke Rats Based on KCC2-GABAA Receptor Pathway(No.81774417)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China:Research and Development of Physical Therapy Technology and Equipment for Regulation of Human Functional State(No.2020-JYB-ZDGG-062)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and the influence on cerebral blood supply of waggle needling Yanglingquan(GB34) on spastic paresis(SP) rats after middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) induced and investigate its mechanism of relieving neurobehavior deficiency.METHODS:SP rat model was produced by permanent MCAO.Rats were divided into five groups:blank control group(Control),sham operation group(Sham),model group(Model),waggle needling group(WN) and perpendicular needling group(PN).SP rats were treated with acupuncture from day 3 after MCAO,once a day for 6 d.The modified neurological severity score(m NSS) and modified Ashworth scale(MAS) were conducted on days 0,1,3,5,7 and 9.Cerebral blood flow(CBF) in ischemic cortex was measured by laser speckle imaging 5 min pre ischemia,5 min post ischemia,and after intervention on day 9.All rats were sacrificed at day 9 and the protein and m RNA expressions of γ2 subunit of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor A(GABAAγ2) and K+-Cl-cotransporter 2(KCC2) in the ischemic cortex and lumber enlargement was measured by Western blotting and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:Both Control and Sham groups showed no changes in m NSS and MAS scores and in the regional CBF.Compared with Model group,both WN and PN treatments significantly ameliorated neurological deficit(P < 0.01),decreased muscle tone(P < 0.05),and enhanced CBF(P < 0.001) in SP rats;moreover,WN showed superior effects than PN(P < 0.001).In line with the improvement in neurobehavior,acupuncture interventions up-regulated the expressions of GABAAγ2 and KCC2 in the ischemic cortex as well as lumber enlargement(P < 0.01) in SP rats,and those changes were more obvious in WN(P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Acupuncture at Yanglingquan(GB34) enhanced cerebral blood flow and ameliorated SP in permanent MCAO rats,while waggle needling was superior to regular perpendicular needling.Waggle needling Yanglingquan(GB34) would be a potential complementary therapy for SP.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the serum levels of endozepine-4,their relation with ammonia serum levels,the grading of coma and the severity of cirrhosis,in patients with hepatic coma. METHODS:In this study we included 20 subjects with Hepatic coma,20 subjects with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) and 20 subjects control. All subjects underwent blood analysis,Child Pugh and Model for End- stage liver disease(MELD) assessment,endozepine-4 analysis. RESULTS:Subjects with hepatic coma showed significant difference in endozepine-4(P < 0.001) and NH3 levels(P < 0.001) compared both to MHE and controls patients. Between NH3 and endozepine-4 we observed a significant correlation(P = 0.009; Pearson correlation 0.570). There was a significant correlation between endozepine-4 and MELD(P = 0.017; Pearsoncorrelation = 0.529). In our study blood ammonia concentration was noted to be raised in patients with hepatic coma,with the highest ammonia levels being found in those who were comatose. We also found a high correlation between endozepine-4 and ammonia(P < 0.001). In patients with grade Ⅳ hepatic coma,endozepine levels were significantly higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that an increased level of endozepine in subjects with higher levels of MELD was observed. In conclusion,data concerning involvement of the GABA-ergic system in HE coma could be explained by stage-specific alterations.
