目的:观察脑灵汤对A lzhe im er病(AD)模型大鼠行为学及脑内海马部位β-淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)mRNA影响。方法:以D-半乳糖腹部注射合并铝盐皮下注射制作AD大鼠模型,行γ-电迷宫实验检测学习记忆能力及RT-PCR法观察大鼠脑内海马APPmRNA的...目的:观察脑灵汤对A lzhe im er病(AD)模型大鼠行为学及脑内海马部位β-淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)mRNA影响。方法:以D-半乳糖腹部注射合并铝盐皮下注射制作AD大鼠模型,行γ-电迷宫实验检测学习记忆能力及RT-PCR法观察大鼠脑内海马APPmRNA的变化。结果:脑灵汤治疗30 d后大鼠学习记忆能力较模型组和对照组明显增强(P<0.05);大鼠脑内海马部位APP基因mRNA表达的水平亦较模型组和对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:脑灵汤抑制和下调APPmRNA表达的水平,减少海马结构中β-淀粉样蛋白的沉积,是改善模型大鼠学习记忆的作用机制之一。展开更多
目的探讨清心开窍方中皂苷、挥发油及多糖有效成分对淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)1-40海马注射诱导痴呆(Alzheimer's disease,AD)大鼠海马区Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3及βAPP表达的影响。方法选取112只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为7组,每组16只,分别为正常...目的探讨清心开窍方中皂苷、挥发油及多糖有效成分对淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)1-40海马注射诱导痴呆(Alzheimer's disease,AD)大鼠海马区Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3及βAPP表达的影响。方法选取112只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为7组,每组16只,分别为正常组、假手术组、模型组、安理申组、皂苷组、挥发油组、多糖组。采用海马注射Aβ_(1-40)诱导AD大鼠模型。造模后第2天开始灌胃,正常组、假手术组、模型组给予等量双蒸水灌胃,安理申组[盐酸多奈哌齐片,1.67 mg/(kg·d)]、皂苷组[9 m L/(kg·d)]、挥发油组[3.33 m L/(kg·d)]、多糖组[8.33 m L/(kg·d)]灌胃,每天1次,连续2周(上午10:00)。灌胃结束后,采用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠的空间学习记忆能力;采用TUNEL染色检测海马CA1区细胞凋亡;采用免疫组化、实时定量荧光PCR及WB法检测AD大鼠海马区Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3及βAPP表达。结果造模前各组大鼠同一时间点的逃避潜伏期、穿台次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且逃避潜伏期随时间推移逐渐缩短。造模后,与模型组比较,除挥发油组、多糖组外,安理申组、皂苷组逃避潜伏期均缩短,穿台次数显著增多(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,皂苷组、挥发油组、多糖组大鼠海马CA1区凋亡细胞数量明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01);Bcl-2表达上调,Bax、Caspase-3、βAPP表达下调,Bcl-2/Bax比值明显提高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论清心开窍方3种有效成分能不同程度地改善AD大鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与降低海马区Bax、Caspase-3及βAPP表达,提高Bcl-2表达,抑制AD大鼠海马区内细胞凋亡有关。展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is pathologically defined by accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ). Approximately 25 mutations in β-amyloid precursor protein(APP) are pathogenic and cause autosomal dominant Alzheimer...Alzheimer's disease is pathologically defined by accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ). Approximately 25 mutations in β-amyloid precursor protein(APP) are pathogenic and cause autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. To date, the mechanism underlying the effect of APP mutation on Aβ generation is unclear. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of APP mutation on Alzheimer's disease may help understanding of disease pathogenesis. Thus, APP mutations(A673T, A673 V, E682 K, E693 G, and E693Q) were transiently co-transfected into human embryonic kidney cells. Western blot assay was used to detect expression levels of APP, beta-secretase 1, and presenilin 1 in cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine Aβ_(1–40) and Aβ_(1–42) levels. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography was used to examine VVIAT, FLF, ITL, VIV, IAT, VIT, TVI, and VVIA peptide levels. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure APP and early endosome antigen 1 immunoreactivity. Our results show that the protective A673 T mutation decreases Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40) rate by downregulating IAT and upregulating VVIA levels. Pathogenic A673 V, E682 K, and E693 Q mutations promote Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40) rate by increasing levels of CTF99, Aβ_(42), Aβ_(40), and IAT, and decreasing VVIA levels. Pathogenic E693 G mutation shows no significant change in Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40) ratio because of inhibition of γ-secretase activity. APP mutations can change location from the cell surface to early endosomes. Our findings confirm that certain APP mutations accelerate Aβ generation by affecting the long Aβ cleavage pathway and increasing Aβ_(42/40) rate, thereby resulting in Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND： During onset and development of Alzheimer＇s disease, β-amyloid （Aβ） precursor protein （APP）, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme （BACE）, and β-amyloid are key genes and proteins in...BACKGROUND： During onset and development of Alzheimer＇s disease, β-amyloid （Aβ） precursor protein （APP）, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme （BACE）, and β-amyloid are key genes and proteins in the Aβ pathway, and over-expression of these genes can lead to Aβ deposit/on in the brain. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of Longyanshen polysaccharides on expression of BACE, APP, and Aβ in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone/8 （SAMP8） brain, and to compare these effects with huperzine A treatment. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, neurobiochemical experiment was performed at the Department of Pharmacology and Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi Medical University from September 2005 to January 2008. MATERIALS： Longyanshen polysaccharfdes powder was extracted from the dried slices of the medicinal plant Longyanshen. The active component, Longyanshen polysaccharides, was provided by the Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University; huperzine A was purchased from Yuzhong Drug Manufactory, China. METHODS： Healthy SAMP8 mice were used to establish a model of Alzheimer＇s disease. A total of 50 SAMP8 mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups （n = 10）： SAMP8, huperzine A, low-, middle-, and high-dose polysaccharides. In addition, 10 senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 （SAMR1） mice were selected as normal controls. SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice were administered 30 mL/kg normal saline; the huperzine A group was administered 0.02 mg/kg huperzine A; the low-, middle-, and high-dose polysaccharides groups were respectively administered 45, 90, and 180 mg/kg Longyanshen polysaccharides. Each group was treated by intragastric administration, once per day, for 50 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： One hour after the final administration, immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine Aβ expression in the cortex and hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mRNA levels of BACE展开更多
BACKGROUND： Yishendaluo decoction reduces production of inflammatory mediators, relieves damage due to inflammatory reactions, and improves neural functions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. OBJECTIVE...BACKGROUND： Yishendaluo decoction reduces production of inflammatory mediators, relieves damage due to inflammatory reactions, and improves neural functions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Yishendaluo decoction on a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, neuropathological, and molecular biological animal study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Center for Neuroinformatics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA from 2005 to 2006. MATERIALS： Yishendaluo decoction pieces consisting of prepared rehmannia root, colla comus cervi, cape jasmine fruit, and grassleaf sweetflag rhizome were purchased from the Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Rabbit anti-mouse β-amyloid precursor protein and p38 polyclonal antibody （Zhongshan Goldenbridge Biotechnology, China）, as well interferon-y and interleukin-4 ELISA kit （Boster, China）, were used in this study. METHODS： A total of 96 healthy, female, SJL/J mice, aged 8 12 weeks, were equally and randomly assigned to normal, model, hormone, and Chinese medicine groups. A total of 0.2 mL antigen preparation, supplemented with 150 μg PLP 139-151 and 400 μg H37RA, was subcutaneously injected into the upper abdomen of mice from the model, hormone, and Chinese medicine groups. Mouse models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis were established by intravenous injection of 0.1 mL Bordetella pertussis solution containing 0.6 × 10^6 Bordetella pertussis at days 1 and 3. Mice from the model, Chinese medicine, and hormone groups were respectively subjected to 0.2 mL saline, 2 g/kg Yishendaluo decoction, and 0.078 mg/kg prednisone acetate, once daily for 14 consecutive days. Mice from the normal group were left intact. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eo展开更多
文摘目的:观察脑灵汤对A lzhe im er病(AD)模型大鼠行为学及脑内海马部位β-淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)mRNA影响。方法:以D-半乳糖腹部注射合并铝盐皮下注射制作AD大鼠模型,行γ-电迷宫实验检测学习记忆能力及RT-PCR法观察大鼠脑内海马APPmRNA的变化。结果:脑灵汤治疗30 d后大鼠学习记忆能力较模型组和对照组明显增强(P<0.05);大鼠脑内海马部位APP基因mRNA表达的水平亦较模型组和对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论:脑灵汤抑制和下调APPmRNA表达的水平,减少海马结构中β-淀粉样蛋白的沉积,是改善模型大鼠学习记忆的作用机制之一。
文摘目的探讨清心开窍方中皂苷、挥发油及多糖有效成分对淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)1-40海马注射诱导痴呆(Alzheimer's disease,AD)大鼠海马区Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3及βAPP表达的影响。方法选取112只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为7组,每组16只,分别为正常组、假手术组、模型组、安理申组、皂苷组、挥发油组、多糖组。采用海马注射Aβ_(1-40)诱导AD大鼠模型。造模后第2天开始灌胃,正常组、假手术组、模型组给予等量双蒸水灌胃,安理申组[盐酸多奈哌齐片,1.67 mg/(kg·d)]、皂苷组[9 m L/(kg·d)]、挥发油组[3.33 m L/(kg·d)]、多糖组[8.33 m L/(kg·d)]灌胃,每天1次,连续2周(上午10:00)。灌胃结束后,采用Morris水迷宫测试大鼠的空间学习记忆能力;采用TUNEL染色检测海马CA1区细胞凋亡;采用免疫组化、实时定量荧光PCR及WB法检测AD大鼠海马区Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3及βAPP表达。结果造模前各组大鼠同一时间点的逃避潜伏期、穿台次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),且逃避潜伏期随时间推移逐渐缩短。造模后,与模型组比较,除挥发油组、多糖组外,安理申组、皂苷组逃避潜伏期均缩短,穿台次数显著增多(P<0.05,P<0.01);与模型组比较,皂苷组、挥发油组、多糖组大鼠海马CA1区凋亡细胞数量明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01);Bcl-2表达上调,Bax、Caspase-3、βAPP表达下调,Bcl-2/Bax比值明显提高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论清心开窍方3种有效成分能不同程度地改善AD大鼠的学习记忆能力,其机制可能与降低海马区Bax、Caspase-3及βAPP表达,提高Bcl-2表达,抑制AD大鼠海马区内细胞凋亡有关。
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81671268(to HQ)partially supported by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2013YQ03059514(to HQ)a grant from Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of Ministry of Education of China,No.2015SJBX05(to HQ),2015SJZS01(to HQ)
文摘Alzheimer's disease is pathologically defined by accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ). Approximately 25 mutations in β-amyloid precursor protein(APP) are pathogenic and cause autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. To date, the mechanism underlying the effect of APP mutation on Aβ generation is unclear. Therefore, investigating the mechanism of APP mutation on Alzheimer's disease may help understanding of disease pathogenesis. Thus, APP mutations(A673T, A673 V, E682 K, E693 G, and E693Q) were transiently co-transfected into human embryonic kidney cells. Western blot assay was used to detect expression levels of APP, beta-secretase 1, and presenilin 1 in cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to determine Aβ_(1–40) and Aβ_(1–42) levels. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography was used to examine VVIAT, FLF, ITL, VIV, IAT, VIT, TVI, and VVIA peptide levels. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to measure APP and early endosome antigen 1 immunoreactivity. Our results show that the protective A673 T mutation decreases Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40) rate by downregulating IAT and upregulating VVIA levels. Pathogenic A673 V, E682 K, and E693 Q mutations promote Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40) rate by increasing levels of CTF99, Aβ_(42), Aβ_(40), and IAT, and decreasing VVIA levels. Pathogenic E693 G mutation shows no significant change in Aβ_(42)/Aβ_(40) ratio because of inhibition of γ-secretase activity. APP mutations can change location from the cell surface to early endosomes. Our findings confirm that certain APP mutations accelerate Aβ generation by affecting the long Aβ cleavage pathway and increasing Aβ_(42/40) rate, thereby resulting in Alzheimer's disease.
基金Supported by:Guangxi Scientific Research and Technological Development Program,No.0630002-2ADoctoral Research and Innovation Program of Guangxi Graduate Education,No, 2007105981007D10
文摘BACKGROUND： During onset and development of Alzheimer＇s disease, β-amyloid （Aβ） precursor protein （APP）, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme （BACE）, and β-amyloid are key genes and proteins in the Aβ pathway, and over-expression of these genes can lead to Aβ deposit/on in the brain. OBJECTIVE： To observe the influence of Longyanshen polysaccharides on expression of BACE, APP, and Aβ in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone/8 （SAMP8） brain, and to compare these effects with huperzine A treatment. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, neurobiochemical experiment was performed at the Department of Pharmacology and Scientific Experimental Center of Guangxi Medical University from September 2005 to January 2008. MATERIALS： Longyanshen polysaccharfdes powder was extracted from the dried slices of the medicinal plant Longyanshen. The active component, Longyanshen polysaccharides, was provided by the Department of Pharmacology, Guangxi Medical University; huperzine A was purchased from Yuzhong Drug Manufactory, China. METHODS： Healthy SAMP8 mice were used to establish a model of Alzheimer＇s disease. A total of 50 SAMP8 mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups （n = 10）： SAMP8, huperzine A, low-, middle-, and high-dose polysaccharides. In addition, 10 senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 （SAMR1） mice were selected as normal controls. SAMP8 and SAMR1 mice were administered 30 mL/kg normal saline; the huperzine A group was administered 0.02 mg/kg huperzine A; the low-, middle-, and high-dose polysaccharides groups were respectively administered 45, 90, and 180 mg/kg Longyanshen polysaccharides. Each group was treated by intragastric administration, once per day, for 50 consecutive days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： One hour after the final administration, immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine Aβ expression in the cortex and hippocampus of SAMP8 mice. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to determine mRNA levels of BACE
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30672692
文摘BACKGROUND： Yishendaluo decoction reduces production of inflammatory mediators, relieves damage due to inflammatory reactions, and improves neural functions during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of Yishendaluo decoction on a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, neuropathological, and molecular biological animal study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and Center for Neuroinformatics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA from 2005 to 2006. MATERIALS： Yishendaluo decoction pieces consisting of prepared rehmannia root, colla comus cervi, cape jasmine fruit, and grassleaf sweetflag rhizome were purchased from the Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Rabbit anti-mouse β-amyloid precursor protein and p38 polyclonal antibody （Zhongshan Goldenbridge Biotechnology, China）, as well interferon-y and interleukin-4 ELISA kit （Boster, China）, were used in this study. METHODS： A total of 96 healthy, female, SJL/J mice, aged 8 12 weeks, were equally and randomly assigned to normal, model, hormone, and Chinese medicine groups. A total of 0.2 mL antigen preparation, supplemented with 150 μg PLP 139-151 and 400 μg H37RA, was subcutaneously injected into the upper abdomen of mice from the model, hormone, and Chinese medicine groups. Mouse models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis were established by intravenous injection of 0.1 mL Bordetella pertussis solution containing 0.6 × 10^6 Bordetella pertussis at days 1 and 3. Mice from the model, Chinese medicine, and hormone groups were respectively subjected to 0.2 mL saline, 2 g/kg Yishendaluo decoction, and 0.078 mg/kg prednisone acetate, once daily for 14 consecutive days. Mice from the normal group were left intact. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Pathological changes were observed using hematoxylin-eo
