Positron emission tomography (PET) with <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a diagnostic tool to evaluate metabolic activity by measuring accumulation of FDG, an analogue of glucose, and has been wi...Positron emission tomography (PET) with <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a diagnostic tool to evaluate metabolic activity by measuring accumulation of FDG, an analogue of glucose, and has been widely used for detecting small tumors, monitoring treatment response and predicting patients’ prognosis in a variety of cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of FDG accumulation into tumors remains to be investigated. It is well-known that most cancers are metabolically active with elevated glucose metabolism, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. The underlying mechanisms for elevated glucose metabolism in cancer tissues are complex. Recent reports have indicated the potential of FDG-PET/CT scans in predicting mutational status (e.g., KRAS gene mutation) of colorectal cancer (CRC), which suggests that FDG-PET/CT scans may play a key role in determining therapeutic strategies by non-invasively predicting treatment response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current findings investigating the molecular mechanism of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG accumulation in CRC.展开更多
AIM To assess the relationship using multimodality imaging between intermediary citrate/choline metabolism as seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging(1H-MRSI) and glycolysis as observed on ^(18)F-fluor...AIM To assess the relationship using multimodality imaging between intermediary citrate/choline metabolism as seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging(1H-MRSI) and glycolysis as observed on ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT) in prostate cancer(PCa) patients. METHODS The study included 22 patients with local PCa who were referred for endorectal magnetic resonance imaging/1HMRSI(April 2002 to July 2007) and ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT and then underwent prostatectomy as primary or salvage treatment. Whole-mount step-section pathology was used as the standard of reference. We assessed the relationships between PET parameters [standardized uptake value(SUVmax and SUVmean)] and MRSI parameters [choline + creatine/citrate(CC/Cmax and CC/Cmean) and total number of suspicious voxels] using spearman's rank correlation, and the relationships of PET and 1H-MRSI index lesion parameters to surgical Gleason score.RESULTS Abnormal intermediary metabolism on 1H-MRSI was present in 21/22 patients, while abnormal glycolysis on ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT was detected in only 3/22 patients. Specifically, index tumor localization rates were 0.95(95%CI: 0.77-1.00) for 1H-MRSI and 0.14(95%CI: 0.03-0.35) for ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT. Spearman rank correlations indicated little relationship(ρ =-0.36-0.28) between 1H-MRSI parameters and ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT parameters. Both the total number of suspicious voxels(ρ = 0.55, P = 0.0099) and the SUVmax(ρ = 0.46, P = 0.0366) correlated weakly with the Gleason score. No significant relationship was found between the CC/Cmax, CC/Cmean or SUVmean and the Gleason score(P = 0.15-0.79). CONCLUSION The concentration of intermediary metabolites detected by 1H MRSI and glycolytic flux measured ^(18)F-FDG PET show little correlation. Furthermore, only few tumors were FDG avid on PET, possibly because increased glycolysis represents a late and rather ominous event in the progression of PCa.展开更多
Gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors(GEP-NETs) are rare neoplasms often characterized by an overexpression of somatostatin receptors.Thus,radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have showed an increasing relevance both in diag...Gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors(GEP-NETs) are rare neoplasms often characterized by an overexpression of somatostatin receptors.Thus,radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have showed an increasing relevance both in diagnosis and treatment,especially in low-and intermediate-differentiated GEP-NETs.These evidences have led to a growing development of new functional imaging techniques as 68 Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) proved useful in the management of these neoplasms.However these tumors have a heterogeneous behavior also modifying their aggressiveness through time.Therefore sometimes 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT appears to be more appropriate to obtain a better assessment of the disease.According to these considerations,the combination of different functional imaging techniques should be considered in the management of GEP-NETs patients allowing clinicians to choose the tailored therapeutic approach among available options.展开更多
目的:评估^(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose,^(18)F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography,PET)及PET/计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)在胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer)中的诊断价值.方法:计算...目的:评估^(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose,^(18)F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography,PET)及PET/计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)在胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer)中的诊断价值.方法:计算机检索2 0 1 5-0 4-0 1之前在Pubmed、EMBASE、Webofscience、Cochrane协作网数据库、中国知网、谷歌学术搜索、万方及维普等数据库公开发表的有关^(18)F-FDG PET及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断胰腺癌的文献,并手工检索国内外相关医学杂志.严格按照纳入排除标准筛选文献,采用QUADAS量表评价文献质量,利用MetaD i s c 1.4统计软件进行异质性分析和定量合成,计算相应验后合并灵敏度和特异度,并绘制SROC曲线评估诊断效能,同时运用S t a t a12.0软件检测纳入研究是否存在发表偏倚.结果:共纳入51篇英文文献,Meta分析表明:^(18)F-FDGPET诊断胰腺癌的合并灵敏度(pooled sensitivity)为87%(95%CI:85%-89%)、合并特异度(pooled specificity)为78%(95%CI:74%-81%)、诊断比值比(diagnosis odds ratio,DOR)为21.91(95%CI:14.15-33.93)、阳性似然比(positive likelihood r a t i o,+L R)为3.38(95%C I:2.64-4.33)、阴性似然比(negative likelihood ratio,-LR)为0.^(18)(95%CI:0.14-0.23)、SROC曲线下面积为0.8930;^(18)F-F D G P E T/C T诊断胰腺癌的合并的灵敏度为91%(95%CI:88%-93%)、合并特异度为77%(95%CI:72%-82%)、DOR为28.52(95%CI:19.63-41.42)、+LR为3.57(95%CI:2.96-4.31)、-LR为0.14(95%C I:0.11-0.^(18))、S R O C曲线下面积为0.9315.结论:^(18)F-FDGPET/CT及^(18)F-FDGPET诊断胰腺癌的诊断效能均显著高于C T,且^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断灵敏度较^(18)F-FDG PET高,漏诊率低,具有更高的诊断价值,两者均可作为传统检查不能发现的胰腺癌的辅助诊断工具.展开更多
The last two decades have seen a paradigm shift in the selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)for liver transplantation.Microvascular invasion and differentiation have been the most significant factor...The last two decades have seen a paradigm shift in the selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)for liver transplantation.Microvascular invasion and differentiation have been the most significant factors affecting post-transplant recurrence;however,because of inherent disadvantages of pre-transplant biopsy,histological criteria never gained popularity.Recently,the selection criteria evolved from morphological to biological criteria,such as biomarkers and response to loco-regional therapy.With the introduction of multimodality imaging,combination of computed tomography with nuclear medicine imaging,particularly,18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography fulfilled an unmet need and rapidly became a critical component of HCC management.This review article will focus on the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in the pre-transplant evaluation of HCC patients with special discussion on its ability to predict HCC recurrence after liver transplantation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, resulting in severe impairments or sudden mortality. In the absence of clear cardiovascular symptoms, indivi...BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, resulting in severe impairments or sudden mortality. In the absence of clear cardiovascular symptoms, individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD) seeking addiction treatment receive mostly psychotherapy and psychiatric pharmacotherapy, with no attention to vascular disease (i.e., atherosclerosis). Little is known about the pre-clinical signs of cardiovascular risk in iCUD and early signs of vascular disease are undetected in this underserved population. AIM To assess inflammation, plaque burden and plaque composition in iCUD aiming to detect markers of atherosclerosis and vascular disease. METHODS The bilateral carotid arteries were imaged with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in iCUD asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, healthy controls, and individuals with cardiovascular risk. PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) evaluated vascular inflammation and 3-D dark-blood MRI assessed plaque burden including wall area and thickness. Drug use and severity of addiction were assessed with standardized instruments. RESULTS The majority of iCUD and controls had carotid FDG-PET signal greater than 1.6 but lower than 3, indicating the presence of mild to moderate inflammation. However, the MRI measure of wall structure was thicker in iCUD as compared to the controls and cardiovascular risk group, indicating greater carotid plaque burden. iCUD had larger wall area as compared to the healthy controls but not as compared to the cardiovascular risk group, indicating structural wall similarities between the non-control study groups. In iCUD, wall area correlated with greater cocaine withdrawal and craving. CONCLUSION These preliminary results show markers of carotid artery disease burden in cardiovascular disease-asymptomatic iCUD. Broader trials are warranted to develop protocols for early detection of cardiovascular risk and preventive intervention in iCUD.展开更多
Background Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying clinical features. The management of patients of CUP remains a clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was...Background Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying clinical features. The management of patients of CUP remains a clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical applications of integrated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) information in patients with CUP, including detecting the occult primary tumor and effecting on disease therapy.展开更多
文摘Positron emission tomography (PET) with <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a diagnostic tool to evaluate metabolic activity by measuring accumulation of FDG, an analogue of glucose, and has been widely used for detecting small tumors, monitoring treatment response and predicting patients’ prognosis in a variety of cancers. However, the molecular mechanism of FDG accumulation into tumors remains to be investigated. It is well-known that most cancers are metabolically active with elevated glucose metabolism, a phenomenon known as the Warburg effect. The underlying mechanisms for elevated glucose metabolism in cancer tissues are complex. Recent reports have indicated the potential of FDG-PET/CT scans in predicting mutational status (e.g., KRAS gene mutation) of colorectal cancer (CRC), which suggests that FDG-PET/CT scans may play a key role in determining therapeutic strategies by non-invasively predicting treatment response to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current findings investigating the molecular mechanism of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG accumulation in CRC.
基金Supported by National Institutes of Health grant,No.#R01CA76423in part through the NIH/NCI Cancer Center Support grant,No.P30 CA008748
文摘AIM To assess the relationship using multimodality imaging between intermediary citrate/choline metabolism as seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging(1H-MRSI) and glycolysis as observed on ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT) in prostate cancer(PCa) patients. METHODS The study included 22 patients with local PCa who were referred for endorectal magnetic resonance imaging/1HMRSI(April 2002 to July 2007) and ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT and then underwent prostatectomy as primary or salvage treatment. Whole-mount step-section pathology was used as the standard of reference. We assessed the relationships between PET parameters [standardized uptake value(SUVmax and SUVmean)] and MRSI parameters [choline + creatine/citrate(CC/Cmax and CC/Cmean) and total number of suspicious voxels] using spearman's rank correlation, and the relationships of PET and 1H-MRSI index lesion parameters to surgical Gleason score.RESULTS Abnormal intermediary metabolism on 1H-MRSI was present in 21/22 patients, while abnormal glycolysis on ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT was detected in only 3/22 patients. Specifically, index tumor localization rates were 0.95(95%CI: 0.77-1.00) for 1H-MRSI and 0.14(95%CI: 0.03-0.35) for ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT. Spearman rank correlations indicated little relationship(ρ =-0.36-0.28) between 1H-MRSI parameters and ^(18)F-FDG-PET/CT parameters. Both the total number of suspicious voxels(ρ = 0.55, P = 0.0099) and the SUVmax(ρ = 0.46, P = 0.0366) correlated weakly with the Gleason score. No significant relationship was found between the CC/Cmax, CC/Cmean or SUVmean and the Gleason score(P = 0.15-0.79). CONCLUSION The concentration of intermediary metabolites detected by 1H MRSI and glycolytic flux measured ^(18)F-FDG PET show little correlation. Furthermore, only few tumors were FDG avid on PET, possibly because increased glycolysis represents a late and rather ominous event in the progression of PCa.
文摘Gastro-entero-pancreatic tumors(GEP-NETs) are rare neoplasms often characterized by an overexpression of somatostatin receptors.Thus,radiolabeled somatostatin analogues have showed an increasing relevance both in diagnosis and treatment,especially in low-and intermediate-differentiated GEP-NETs.These evidences have led to a growing development of new functional imaging techniques as 68 Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) proved useful in the management of these neoplasms.However these tumors have a heterogeneous behavior also modifying their aggressiveness through time.Therefore sometimes 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT appears to be more appropriate to obtain a better assessment of the disease.According to these considerations,the combination of different functional imaging techniques should be considered in the management of GEP-NETs patients allowing clinicians to choose the tailored therapeutic approach among available options.
文摘目的:评估^(18)F-脱氧葡萄糖(^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose,^(18)F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像(positron emission tomography,PET)及PET/计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)在胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer)中的诊断价值.方法:计算机检索2 0 1 5-0 4-0 1之前在Pubmed、EMBASE、Webofscience、Cochrane协作网数据库、中国知网、谷歌学术搜索、万方及维普等数据库公开发表的有关^(18)F-FDG PET及^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断胰腺癌的文献,并手工检索国内外相关医学杂志.严格按照纳入排除标准筛选文献,采用QUADAS量表评价文献质量,利用MetaD i s c 1.4统计软件进行异质性分析和定量合成,计算相应验后合并灵敏度和特异度,并绘制SROC曲线评估诊断效能,同时运用S t a t a12.0软件检测纳入研究是否存在发表偏倚.结果:共纳入51篇英文文献,Meta分析表明:^(18)F-FDGPET诊断胰腺癌的合并灵敏度(pooled sensitivity)为87%(95%CI:85%-89%)、合并特异度(pooled specificity)为78%(95%CI:74%-81%)、诊断比值比(diagnosis odds ratio,DOR)为21.91(95%CI:14.15-33.93)、阳性似然比(positive likelihood r a t i o,+L R)为3.38(95%C I:2.64-4.33)、阴性似然比(negative likelihood ratio,-LR)为0.^(18)(95%CI:0.14-0.23)、SROC曲线下面积为0.8930;^(18)F-F D G P E T/C T诊断胰腺癌的合并的灵敏度为91%(95%CI:88%-93%)、合并特异度为77%(95%CI:72%-82%)、DOR为28.52(95%CI:19.63-41.42)、+LR为3.57(95%CI:2.96-4.31)、-LR为0.14(95%C I:0.11-0.^(18))、S R O C曲线下面积为0.9315.结论:^(18)F-FDGPET/CT及^(18)F-FDGPET诊断胰腺癌的诊断效能均显著高于C T,且^(18)F-FDG PET/CT诊断灵敏度较^(18)F-FDG PET高,漏诊率低,具有更高的诊断价值,两者均可作为传统检查不能发现的胰腺癌的辅助诊断工具.
文摘The last two decades have seen a paradigm shift in the selection of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)for liver transplantation.Microvascular invasion and differentiation have been the most significant factors affecting post-transplant recurrence;however,because of inherent disadvantages of pre-transplant biopsy,histological criteria never gained popularity.Recently,the selection criteria evolved from morphological to biological criteria,such as biomarkers and response to loco-regional therapy.With the introduction of multimodality imaging,combination of computed tomography with nuclear medicine imaging,particularly,18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography fulfilled an unmet need and rapidly became a critical component of HCC management.This review article will focus on the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography in the pre-transplant evaluation of HCC patients with special discussion on its ability to predict HCC recurrence after liver transplantation.
基金Supported by NIDA,No.K23DA045928-01(to Bachi K) and No.R01DA041528(to Goldstein RZ)NIH/NHLBI,No.R01HL071021+1 种基金Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute internal funding(to Fayad ZAF)American Heart Association Grant in Aid,No.17GRNT33420119(to Mani VM)
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic cocaine use is associated with stroke, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, resulting in severe impairments or sudden mortality. In the absence of clear cardiovascular symptoms, individuals with cocaine use disorder (iCUD) seeking addiction treatment receive mostly psychotherapy and psychiatric pharmacotherapy, with no attention to vascular disease (i.e., atherosclerosis). Little is known about the pre-clinical signs of cardiovascular risk in iCUD and early signs of vascular disease are undetected in this underserved population. AIM To assess inflammation, plaque burden and plaque composition in iCUD aiming to detect markers of atherosclerosis and vascular disease. METHODS The bilateral carotid arteries were imaged with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) in iCUD asymptomatic for cardiovascular disease, healthy controls, and individuals with cardiovascular risk. PET with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) evaluated vascular inflammation and 3-D dark-blood MRI assessed plaque burden including wall area and thickness. Drug use and severity of addiction were assessed with standardized instruments. RESULTS The majority of iCUD and controls had carotid FDG-PET signal greater than 1.6 but lower than 3, indicating the presence of mild to moderate inflammation. However, the MRI measure of wall structure was thicker in iCUD as compared to the controls and cardiovascular risk group, indicating greater carotid plaque burden. iCUD had larger wall area as compared to the healthy controls but not as compared to the cardiovascular risk group, indicating structural wall similarities between the non-control study groups. In iCUD, wall area correlated with greater cocaine withdrawal and craving. CONCLUSION These preliminary results show markers of carotid artery disease burden in cardiovascular disease-asymptomatic iCUD. Broader trials are warranted to develop protocols for early detection of cardiovascular risk and preventive intervention in iCUD.
文摘Background Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying clinical features. The management of patients of CUP remains a clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical applications of integrated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) information in patients with CUP, including detecting the occult primary tumor and effecting on disease therapy.