目的观察肺炎患儿外周血超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)水平变化,探讨其与儿童肺炎的关系。方法入选细菌性肺炎38例、支原体肺炎29例和病毒性肺炎25例,共92例肺...目的观察肺炎患儿外周血超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)水平变化,探讨其与儿童肺炎的关系。方法入选细菌性肺炎38例、支原体肺炎29例和病毒性肺炎25例,共92例肺炎患儿,应用免疫散射比浊法、酶联荧光分析法和流式细胞术检测患儿外周血hs-CRP、PCT、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)和CD4+CD25+Treg细胞水平(CD4+CD25+Treg占CD4+T细胞百分比),并与30例正常对照儿童进行比较。结果肺炎患儿的CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞水平、CD4+/CD8+比值均低于正常对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);细菌性肺炎、支原体肺炎患儿的CD8+T淋巴细胞、hs-CRP水平均高于正常对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);病毒性肺炎患儿的CD8+T淋巴细胞、hs-CRP水平与正常对照儿童的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);细菌性肺炎患儿的PCT水平、PCT阳性率均高于支原体肺炎和病毒性肺炎患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);肺炎患儿的CD4+CD25+Treg细胞水平均高于正常对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 hs-CRP、PCT为儿童肺炎鉴别诊断提供了一定参考依据,PCT诊断早期细菌感染的特异性优于hs-CRP;免疫损伤在儿童肺炎中起了一定作用。展开更多
Primary liver cancer is an important cause of cancer death, and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） accounts for 70%-85% of total liver cancer worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection contributes to 〉 75% ...Primary liver cancer is an important cause of cancer death, and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） accounts for 70%-85% of total liver cancer worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection contributes to 〉 75% of HCC cases. High serum viral load is the most reliable indicator of viral replication in predicting development of HCC. HBV genotype C is closely associated with HCC in cirrhotic patients aged 〉 50 years, whereas genotype B is associated with development of HCC in non-cirrhotic young patients and postoperative relapse of HCC. Different HBV subgenotypes have distinct patterns of mutations, which are clearly associated with increased risk of HCC. Mutations accumulate during chronic HBV infection and predict occurrence of HCC. Chronic inflammation leads to increased frequency of viral mutation via cellular cytidine deaminase induction. Mutations are negatively selected by host immunity, whereas some immuno-escaped HBV mutants are active in hepatocarcinogenesis. Inflammatory pathways contribute to the inflammation-necrosis-regeneration process, ultimately HCC. Their hallmark molecules can predict malignancy in HBV-infected subjects. Continuing inflammation is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and closely related to recurrence and metastasis. HBV load, genotype C, viral mutations and expression of inflammatory molecules in HBV-related HCC tissues are significantly associated with poor prognosis. Imbalance between intratumoral CD8^＋T cells and regulatory T cells or Thl and Th2 cytokines in peritumoral tissues can predict prognosis of HBV-related HCC. These factors are important for developing active prevention and surveillance of HBV-infected subjects who are more likely to develop HCC, or for tailoring suitable treatment to improve survival or postpone postoperative recurrence of HCC.展开更多
CD4 T helper （Th） cells play critical roles in adaptive immune responses. They recruit and activate other immune cells including B cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils....CD4 T helper （Th） cells play critical roles in adaptive immune responses. They recruit and activate other immune cells including B cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Based on their functions, their pattern of cytokine secretion and their expression of specific transcription factors, Th cells, differentiated from naive CD4 T cells, are classified into four major lineages, Thl, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory （Treg） cells, although other Th lineages may exist. Subsets of the same lineage may express different effector cytokines, reside at different locations or give rise to cells with different fates, whereas cells from different lineages may secrete common cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-9 and IL-10, resulting in massive heterogeneity of the Th cell population. In addition, the pattern of cytokine secretion may switch from that of one lineage toward another under certain circumstances, suggesting that Th cells are plastic. Tregs are also more heterogeneous and plastic than were originally thought. In this review, we summarize recent reports on heterogeneity and plasticity of Th cells, and discuss potential mechanisms and implications of such features that Th cells display.展开更多
文摘目的观察肺炎患儿外周血超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、T淋巴细胞亚群及CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(regulatory T cell,Treg)水平变化,探讨其与儿童肺炎的关系。方法入选细菌性肺炎38例、支原体肺炎29例和病毒性肺炎25例,共92例肺炎患儿,应用免疫散射比浊法、酶联荧光分析法和流式细胞术检测患儿外周血hs-CRP、PCT、T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)和CD4+CD25+Treg细胞水平(CD4+CD25+Treg占CD4+T细胞百分比),并与30例正常对照儿童进行比较。结果肺炎患儿的CD3+、CD4+T淋巴细胞水平、CD4+/CD8+比值均低于正常对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);细菌性肺炎、支原体肺炎患儿的CD8+T淋巴细胞、hs-CRP水平均高于正常对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);病毒性肺炎患儿的CD8+T淋巴细胞、hs-CRP水平与正常对照儿童的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);细菌性肺炎患儿的PCT水平、PCT阳性率均高于支原体肺炎和病毒性肺炎患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);肺炎患儿的CD4+CD25+Treg细胞水平均高于正常对照儿童,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 hs-CRP、PCT为儿童肺炎鉴别诊断提供了一定参考依据,PCT诊断早期细菌感染的特异性优于hs-CRP;免疫损伤在儿童肺炎中起了一定作用。
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81025015 and No. 30921006
文摘Primary liver cancer is an important cause of cancer death, and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） accounts for 70%-85% of total liver cancer worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection contributes to 〉 75% of HCC cases. High serum viral load is the most reliable indicator of viral replication in predicting development of HCC. HBV genotype C is closely associated with HCC in cirrhotic patients aged 〉 50 years, whereas genotype B is associated with development of HCC in non-cirrhotic young patients and postoperative relapse of HCC. Different HBV subgenotypes have distinct patterns of mutations, which are clearly associated with increased risk of HCC. Mutations accumulate during chronic HBV infection and predict occurrence of HCC. Chronic inflammation leads to increased frequency of viral mutation via cellular cytidine deaminase induction. Mutations are negatively selected by host immunity, whereas some immuno-escaped HBV mutants are active in hepatocarcinogenesis. Inflammatory pathways contribute to the inflammation-necrosis-regeneration process, ultimately HCC. Their hallmark molecules can predict malignancy in HBV-infected subjects. Continuing inflammation is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis and closely related to recurrence and metastasis. HBV load, genotype C, viral mutations and expression of inflammatory molecules in HBV-related HCC tissues are significantly associated with poor prognosis. Imbalance between intratumoral CD8^＋T cells and regulatory T cells or Thl and Th2 cytokines in peritumoral tissues can predict prognosis of HBV-related HCC. These factors are important for developing active prevention and surveillance of HBV-infected subjects who are more likely to develop HCC, or for tailoring suitable treatment to improve survival or postpone postoperative recurrence of HCC.
文摘CD4 T helper （Th） cells play critical roles in adaptive immune responses. They recruit and activate other immune cells including B cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Based on their functions, their pattern of cytokine secretion and their expression of specific transcription factors, Th cells, differentiated from naive CD4 T cells, are classified into four major lineages, Thl, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory （Treg） cells, although other Th lineages may exist. Subsets of the same lineage may express different effector cytokines, reside at different locations or give rise to cells with different fates, whereas cells from different lineages may secrete common cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-9 and IL-10, resulting in massive heterogeneity of the Th cell population. In addition, the pattern of cytokine secretion may switch from that of one lineage toward another under certain circumstances, suggesting that Th cells are plastic. Tregs are also more heterogeneous and plastic than were originally thought. In this review, we summarize recent reports on heterogeneity and plasticity of Th cells, and discuss potential mechanisms and implications of such features that Th cells display.
