以10种不同基因型冬小麦为材料,采用田间再裂区设计,研究了不同氮肥用量(0,105 kg N/hm2)与锌铁用量(Zn:0,6.8 kg/hm2;Fe:0,12.1 kg/hm2)对冬小麦幼苗(返青期)生长及锌铁吸收的影响。结果表明,施氮对10种基因型冬小麦的生物量、分蘖数...以10种不同基因型冬小麦为材料,采用田间再裂区设计,研究了不同氮肥用量(0,105 kg N/hm2)与锌铁用量(Zn:0,6.8 kg/hm2;Fe:0,12.1 kg/hm2)对冬小麦幼苗(返青期)生长及锌铁吸收的影响。结果表明,施氮对10种基因型冬小麦的生物量、分蘖数和叶绿素SPAD值均有显著影响,增幅分别达到15.8%,14.7%,4.6%;施用锌铁肥后生物量增加8.0%,但分蘖数减少5.8%,而对叶绿素SPAD值几乎无影响;10种不同基因型小麦植株的长势有较大差异。施用氮肥后,显著提高了各基因型小麦植株的锌含量与锌携出量,平均提高7.6%和22.9%,而小麦植株铁的含量降低6.4%,但携出量提高7.2%;施用锌铁肥显著增加了小麦的锌含量和携出量,增幅分别11.9%和19.2%,但对铁的含量和携出量影响不显著。10种不同基因型小麦植株锌铁携出量存在一定差异,吸收值较高的三种基因型分别为绵阳31、陕优225、陕优253。展开更多
A large-volume solution culture and a small-pot soil test were adopted to screen for aluminum tolerance in wheat. Significant correlations were observed between root and shoot tolerance indices in wheat genotypes by u...A large-volume solution culture and a small-pot soil test were adopted to screen for aluminum tolerance in wheat. Significant correlations were observed between root and shoot tolerance indices in wheat genotypes by using the same or different screening method. It was also shown that root tolerance parameters such as relative root length (RRL) and relative root dry weight (RRW) had more sensitive for differentiating aluminum tolerance in wheat genotypes indicated by higher standard deviation (SD),coefficient of variation (CV),and distrbution of data. Although shoot tolerance parameters,such as relative shoot length (RSL) and relative shoot dry weight (RSW) had less sensitive for differentiating aluminum tolerance within wheat genotypes indicated by lower SD,CV,and distribution of data,shoot growth parameters were reliable indicators of Al tolerance because they were sufficient to discriminate Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive genotypes in wheat. Shoot growth especially shoot length could be easily,rapidly,and non-destructively determined,and used effectively to screen for aluminum tolerance in a large-scale screening or breeding program.展开更多
Success of improving the salt tolerance of genotypes requires effective and reliable screening traits in breeding programs. The objective was to assess the suitability of various physiological traits to screen wheat g...Success of improving the salt tolerance of genotypes requires effective and reliable screening traits in breeding programs. The objective was to assess the suitability of various physiological traits to screen wheat genotypes for salt tolerance. Thirteen wheat genotypes from Egypt, Germany, Australia and India were grown in soil with two salinity levels （control and 150 mmol/L NaCI） in a greenhouse. The physiological traits （ion contents in leaves and stems, i.e. Na^＋, Cl^-, K^＋, Ca^2＋）, the ratios of K^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^＋/Na^＋ in the leaves and stems, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content （SPAD value）, and leaf water relations, were measured at different growth stages. The physiological traits except for Na^＋ and Cl^- in stems and the leaf transpiration rate at 150 mmol/L NaCI showed a significant genotypic variation, indicating that the traits that have a significant genotypic variation may be possibly used as screening criteria. According to the analysis of linear regression of the scores of the physiological traits against those of grain yield, however, the physiological traits of Ca^2＋ and Ca2^＋/Na^＋ at 45 d and final harvest with the greatest genotypic variation were ranked at the top. From a practical and economic point of view, SPAD value should be considered to be used as screening criteria and/or there is a need to develop a quick and practical approach to determine Ca^2＋ in plant tissues.展开更多
Under greenhouse conditions, a pot experiment was conducted to seek critical phosphorus concentrations of wheat genotypes with high and low phosphorus use efficiency. Results indicated that low efficient genotype was...Under greenhouse conditions, a pot experiment was conducted to seek critical phosphorus concentrations of wheat genotypes with high and low phosphorus use efficiency. Results indicated that low efficient genotype was much more sensitive to phosphorus deficiency, with low or without phosphorus application, seed yield and dry matter of biomass were much lower. The yield of all the genotypes gradually got higher as application rate increased, but high efficient genotype——Lofflin produced relatively higher yields of seeds and biomass with low or without phosphorus input. Highly tolerate to low availability of soil phosphorus and efficient activation and absorption for soil unavailable phosphorus had been displayed. As application rates increased, yields of both genotypes were increased but high efficient genotype maintained stable while low efficient one showed continuously increase with remuneration decrease progressively. Critical phosphorus concentrations in high efficient genotypes of winter wheat were lower than that in low efficient ones and changed with various development stages, for example, at seedling state, the concentrations of high efficient genotype were 4.50—4.60 g/kg while low efficient one was 5.0 g/kg. They were 2.25—2.30 g/kg and 2.52 g/kg at flower stage, 1.96—2.05 g/kg and 2.15 g/kg at maturity respectively. But the values in seeds were reversal, higher in high efficient genotype(4.05—4.10 g/kg) than that in low efficient(3.90 g/kg). Therefore, phosphorus high efficient genotypes belong to the phosphorus resource saving type.展开更多
文摘以10种不同基因型冬小麦为材料,采用田间再裂区设计,研究了不同氮肥用量(0,105 kg N/hm2)与锌铁用量(Zn:0,6.8 kg/hm2;Fe:0,12.1 kg/hm2)对冬小麦幼苗(返青期)生长及锌铁吸收的影响。结果表明,施氮对10种基因型冬小麦的生物量、分蘖数和叶绿素SPAD值均有显著影响,增幅分别达到15.8%,14.7%,4.6%;施用锌铁肥后生物量增加8.0%,但分蘖数减少5.8%,而对叶绿素SPAD值几乎无影响;10种不同基因型小麦植株的长势有较大差异。施用氮肥后,显著提高了各基因型小麦植株的锌含量与锌携出量,平均提高7.6%和22.9%,而小麦植株铁的含量降低6.4%,但携出量提高7.2%;施用锌铁肥显著增加了小麦的锌含量和携出量,增幅分别11.9%和19.2%,但对铁的含量和携出量影响不显著。10种不同基因型小麦植株锌铁携出量存在一定差异,吸收值较高的三种基因型分别为绵阳31、陕优225、陕优253。
文摘A large-volume solution culture and a small-pot soil test were adopted to screen for aluminum tolerance in wheat. Significant correlations were observed between root and shoot tolerance indices in wheat genotypes by using the same or different screening method. It was also shown that root tolerance parameters such as relative root length (RRL) and relative root dry weight (RRW) had more sensitive for differentiating aluminum tolerance in wheat genotypes indicated by higher standard deviation (SD),coefficient of variation (CV),and distrbution of data. Although shoot tolerance parameters,such as relative shoot length (RSL) and relative shoot dry weight (RSW) had less sensitive for differentiating aluminum tolerance within wheat genotypes indicated by lower SD,CV,and distribution of data,shoot growth parameters were reliable indicators of Al tolerance because they were sufficient to discriminate Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive genotypes in wheat. Shoot growth especially shoot length could be easily,rapidly,and non-destructively determined,and used effectively to screen for aluminum tolerance in a large-scale screening or breeding program.
基金a scholarship from ICSC-World Laboratory,Switzerland to S.E.El-Hendawy.
文摘Success of improving the salt tolerance of genotypes requires effective and reliable screening traits in breeding programs. The objective was to assess the suitability of various physiological traits to screen wheat genotypes for salt tolerance. Thirteen wheat genotypes from Egypt, Germany, Australia and India were grown in soil with two salinity levels （control and 150 mmol/L NaCI） in a greenhouse. The physiological traits （ion contents in leaves and stems, i.e. Na^＋, Cl^-, K^＋, Ca^2＋）, the ratios of K^＋/Na^＋ and Ca^＋/Na^＋ in the leaves and stems, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content （SPAD value）, and leaf water relations, were measured at different growth stages. The physiological traits except for Na^＋ and Cl^- in stems and the leaf transpiration rate at 150 mmol/L NaCI showed a significant genotypic variation, indicating that the traits that have a significant genotypic variation may be possibly used as screening criteria. According to the analysis of linear regression of the scores of the physiological traits against those of grain yield, however, the physiological traits of Ca^2＋ and Ca2^＋/Na^＋ at 45 d and final harvest with the greatest genotypic variation were ranked at the top. From a practical and economic point of view, SPAD value should be considered to be used as screening criteria and/or there is a need to develop a quick and practical approach to determine Ca^2＋ in plant tissues.
文摘Under greenhouse conditions, a pot experiment was conducted to seek critical phosphorus concentrations of wheat genotypes with high and low phosphorus use efficiency. Results indicated that low efficient genotype was much more sensitive to phosphorus deficiency, with low or without phosphorus application, seed yield and dry matter of biomass were much lower. The yield of all the genotypes gradually got higher as application rate increased, but high efficient genotype——Lofflin produced relatively higher yields of seeds and biomass with low or without phosphorus input. Highly tolerate to low availability of soil phosphorus and efficient activation and absorption for soil unavailable phosphorus had been displayed. As application rates increased, yields of both genotypes were increased but high efficient genotype maintained stable while low efficient one showed continuously increase with remuneration decrease progressively. Critical phosphorus concentrations in high efficient genotypes of winter wheat were lower than that in low efficient ones and changed with various development stages, for example, at seedling state, the concentrations of high efficient genotype were 4.50—4.60 g/kg while low efficient one was 5.0 g/kg. They were 2.25—2.30 g/kg and 2.52 g/kg at flower stage, 1.96—2.05 g/kg and 2.15 g/kg at maturity respectively. But the values in seeds were reversal, higher in high efficient genotype(4.05—4.10 g/kg) than that in low efficient(3.90 g/kg). Therefore, phosphorus high efficient genotypes belong to the phosphorus resource saving type.
